scholarly journals Refactoring the Memory Access Pattern to Improve Computational Performance in NEMO

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Italo Epicoco ◽  
Francesca Mele ◽  
Silvia Mocavero ◽  
Marco Chiarelli ◽  
Alessandro D'Anca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Main Memory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cache Memory ◽  
Loop Transformation ◽  
Data Dependencies ◽  
The Third ◽  
Computational Performance ◽  
Loop Fusion

<p>In the roadmap of modern parallel architectures development, the computing power of a node grows much more quickly than main memory performance (capacity, bandwidth). This leads to an even much higher gap between computing and memory resources. An efficient use of the cache memory is becoming ever more essential as optimization technique.<br>The NEMO model uses a finite difference integration method and a regular cartesian grid for space discretization. The NEMO code reflects this choice: a generic field is represented in memory as a 3D array; and the code is mainly composed of three-level nested loops. These loops often include only a few operations in the body; the results are stored in a temporary 3D array and then used in subsequent loops until the final calculation.<br>The aim of this work is to make better use of the cache memory by fusing DO loops together. The loop fusion is a transformation which takes two or more adjacent loops that have the same iteration space traversal and combines their bodies into a single loop.<br>The fusion of the loops is not trivial, and it could require introducing additional redundant operations to solve data dependencies. Unfortunately, this leads to a drawback of the overall performance. To avoid the redundant operation, we can adopt pointers to arrays and implement a pointer rotation at each loop iteration.<br>We have developed the loop fusion transformation in an advection kernel extracted from the NEMO oceanic model. We have compared 3 different versions of the optimized advection kernel, with 3 different levels of loop fusion.<br>The first prototype refers to the implementation where the extreme fusion is applied, and all loops in the routine have been fused. In this version, the operations are replicated up to 3 times. In the second prototype the buffer rotation has been applied only in the outermost loop. In the third prototype, the buffer rotation has also been implemented for the second dimension, and this version introduces only a limited amount of redundant operations.</p><p>The tests have been performed on the Athena cluster located at the CMCC supercomputing center. The supercomputing infrastructure is based on the Intel Xeon E5-2670 processors. The memory hierarchy is composed of 32KB of L1 cache, 256KB of L2 and 20MB L3 cache shared among the cores. The results clearly proved the effectiveness of the loop fusion approach that reaches a speedup of 2x with a high number of cores. The third prototype has proven to be the most promising solution. Prototypes 1 and 2 provide a good improvement up to 256 cores then the redundant operations lead to a loss of performance.<br>A deeper analysis measuring the Last Level Cache misses also showed how the loop transformation significantly reduced the number of cache misses.<br>Despite the good results achieved with the loop fusion optimization, we can remark that this optimization is strictly linked to the computing architecture. A fully portable performance improvement can be ensured by the adoption of a DSL (Domain Specific Language).</p>

The Concept of treaty in Islamic Jurisprudence: A comparative view of the classical jurists

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Labeeb Bsoul
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mutual Understanding ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The Third ◽  
Islamic Jurisprudence ◽  
Shed Light

This article aims to shed light on a particular area in the field of Islamic International law (siyar) treaty in Islamic jurisprudence. It addresses a comparative view of classical jurists of treaties both theoretically and historically and highlights their continued relevance to the contemporary world. Since the concept of treaty a lacuna in scholarship as well as the familiar of international legal theorists to study and integrate the Islamic treaty system into the body of modern international law in order to have a mutual understanding and respect and honor for treaties among nations. I would like to present a series of three parts the first one addresses the concept of treaty in Islamic jurisprudence the second addresses the process of drafting treaties and their conclusion and the third addresses selected treaties, including the treaty of H{udaybiya that took place between Muslims and non-Muslims..

Presentation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Redacción CEIICH
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Body ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Social ◽  
Feminist Theories ◽  
History Of

<p class="p1">The third number of <span class="s1"><strong>INTER</strong></span><span class="s2"><strong>disciplina </strong></span>underscores this generic reference of <em>Bodies </em>as an approach to a key issue in the understanding of social reality from a humanistic perspective, and to understand, from the social point of view, the contributions of the research in philosophy of the body, cultural history of the anatomy, as well as the approximations queer, feminist theories and the psychoanalytical, and literary studies.</p>

Anthropology and the Critique of Metaphysics in the Early Herder

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Heinz
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World

The chapter presents a synthetic account of the young Herder’s metaphysics and epistemology, based on several short pieces from the 1760s, with the intention of bringing into relief their strikingly systematic and coherent nature. The objective is to give the reader a greater sense of the philosophical depth of Herder’s anthropology. The first section examines God’s relationship to the world he creates. The second turns to the analogous relationship, based on interaction, between the soul and the body it builds for itself. And in the third, we bring this all together in order to understand how the embodied soul, through engagement with the world, obtains knowledge, and acquires its identity as a historical-cultural being.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Goldschmidt ◽  
Barbara Graziosi
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Specific Site ◽  
Entire Volume ◽  
The Third ◽  
Religious Significance ◽  
Classical Poetry ◽  
Life Of The Mind ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Made In

The Introduction sheds light on the reception of classical poetry by focusing on the materiality of the poets’ bodies and their tombs. It outlines four sets of issues, or commonplaces, that govern the organization of the entire volume. The first concerns the opposition between literature and material culture, the life of the mind vs the apprehensions of the body—which fails to acknowledge that poetry emerges from and is attended to by the mortal body. The second concerns the religious significance of the tomb and its location in a mythical landscape which is shaped, in part, by poetry. The third investigates the literary graveyard as a place where poets’ bodies and poetic corpora are collected. Finally, the alleged ‘tomb of Virgil’ provides a specific site where the major claims made in this volume can be most easily be tested.

GA: Armani’s Giorgio Armani

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Brooker ◽  
Margaret Hayward
Keyword(s):  
Final Section ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Shop ◽  
The Third ◽  
Haute Couture ◽  
Fashion Designer ◽  
The Body Shop ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Career Woman

The Armani high-fashion example illustrates the importance of adaptive rational methods in his founding and developing of an iconic high-fashion firm. Armani adapted stylistically to fashion’s new times in the 1970–80s by creating a new style catering for the career woman. His stylistic adaptation is compared with that of another famous Italian fashion designer, Versace, who instead modernized haute couture fashion and created a succession of glamourous styles. Both leaders exploited the same opportunity but in different ways. The third section compares these leaders’ legacies in the 1990s–2000s and assesses from a long-term perspective how capably they had used adaptive rational methods. The final section shifts the focus from fashion to the cosmetics industry and from Italy to the UK. Anita Roddick used adaptive rational methods to establish The Body Shop corporation in the 1970s–80s. However, she then abandoned rational methods with dire results for her corporation in the 1990s.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Nutritional Habits of the Third Age Students in Poznań

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Magdalena Pracka ◽  
Marcin Dziedziński ◽  
Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Habits ◽  
Third Age ◽  
Waist To Hip Ratio ◽  
The Third

AbstractIn recent years have seen increasing percentage of the elderly in the overall population. This has driven the attention to the lifestyle factors that influence the health and quality of life of this social group, including their nutrition and physical activity. Universities of the Third Age (U3A) are a valuable platform for the dissemination and broadening of the knowledge related to these topics. The nutritional habits of 61 U3A students in Poznań were evaluated on the basis of a modified KomPAN questionnaire. Their nutritional status was determined using the body mass index (BMI) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) indices. Nearly half of the respondents were overweight and 16% had first degree obesity. The WHR index in women was on average 0.8, while in men it was 1.01. Only 13% of the students declared regular eating, with 60% consuming 4-5 meals a day. Women were found to eat snacks between meals more often than men. It was also found that the majority of the elderly do not add salt to ready meals or sweeten beverages with sugars. Taking into account the observed nutritional problems and the occurrence of improper eating habits of the elderly, it is recommended to continue the education on the prevention of common diet-related diseased.

scholarly journals Insulin’s Discovery: New Insights on Its Hundredth Birthday: From Insulin Action and Clearance to Sweet Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 1030
Author(s):  
Melanie Leroux ◽  
Martial Boutchueng-Djidjou ◽  
Robert Faure
Keyword(s):  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
100Th Anniversary ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nobel Lecture ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
The Third

In 2021, the 100th anniversary of the isolation of insulin and the rescue of a child with type 1 diabetes from death will be marked. In this review, we highlight advances since the ingenious work of the four discoverers, Frederick Grant Banting, John James Rickard Macleod, James Bertram Collip and Charles Herbert Best. Macleoad closed his Nobel Lecture speech by raising the question of the mechanism of insulin action in the body. This challenge attracted many investigators, and the question remained unanswered until the third part of the 20th century. We summarize what has been learned, from the discovery of cell surface receptors, insulin action, and clearance, to network and precision medicine.

The Role of the ‘Walking Legs’ in Aquatic and Terrestrial Locomotion of the Crayfish Austropotamobius Pallipes (Lereboullet)

1975 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAROLINE M. POND
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Hydrodynamic Drag ◽  
Terrestrial Locomotion ◽  
Austropotamobius Pallipes ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fourth Pair

1. The hydrodynamic drag acting on the crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes is measured and it is concluded that, in the range of velocities used in walking, the drag is independent of the posture of the limbs and the direction of motion of the body. At swimming velocities the streamlining caused by promotion of the legs reduces the drag losses to half that of a crayfish moving in the forwards walking posture at the same speed. 2. The forwards walking of intact crayfish is compared with that of the same animal after amputation of one or more pairs of legs. It is concluded that the third and fourth pair of legs provide most of the propulsion under water and the second pair is not essential to locomotion under any of the conditions tried.

Clinical-sonographical and dopplerometric criteria of determining the obstetrician's tactics in cases of the umbilical cord entanglement of the fetal body

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
U. R. Khamadyanov ◽  
V. I. Ivakhah
Keyword(s):  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
The Body ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Trimester Pregnancy ◽  
Pregnancy And Delivery ◽  
Umbilical Cord Entanglement

The complex method of antenatal diagnostics of the cord entanglement round the body of the fetus is elaborated. It includes echography, color Doppler mapping, dopplerometry and actocardiography. On the basis of the data received the system of prognosing and estimating the severity of feta l hypoxia in the end of the third trimester pregnancy is suggested, that allows to choose the correct tactics of pregnancy and delivery management in different rates ofcord entanglement. The use o f this method made it possible to rise the effectiveness of antenatal diagnostics of this gestational complication from 23,5% to 79,4%, to decrease the frequency of postnatal asphyxia to 46,1% and, therefore, to avoid intra- and postnatal loss.

The Images of Dante’s Inferno in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s The House of the Dead

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-52
Author(s):  
Marina G. Kurgan ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Network ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Divine Comedy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dimensional Image ◽  
The Third ◽  
Character System ◽  
The Divine Comedy ◽  
The Dead

The House of the Dead was repeatedly compared with the first part of Dante’s The Divine Comedy even in F.M. Dostoevsky’s lifetime. However, his contemporaries usually focused on general analogies, while later scholars paid more attention to the narrative features or individual reminiscences. This research studies the main aspects of the artistic structure of the Dante code, constructing the space of Hell in Dostoevsky’s novel. 1. The organization of space. Alexander Petrovich Goryanchikov, the narrator in The House of the Dead, recreates a three-dimensional image that resembles a gradually narrowing funnel: from a bird’s-eye view, where the prison is seen in its entirety, the focus slowly descends, passing to smaller objects, and finally reaching the “three boards”, which limit Goryanchikov’s personal space. The same principle is employed to construct the space of Hell in Dante’s poem. In The House of the Dead, there is another significant indication of the spatial affinity of Dante’s hell and Dostoevsky’s katorga – active imagery associated with cobwebs and spiders. In the centre of the system of images associated with the designated semantic network is the parade- major, the head of the fortress and the owner of the inmate web. 2. The character system as an element constituting the space of Hell. The character system of The House of the Dead follows the compositional principle of Divine Comedy, where sinners are located in different circles in accordance with their main passion. There are three circles in the prison: the first is formal, according to the court decision; the second is informal, internal, formed by crafts and occupations; the third represents Goryanchikov’s perspective as an exponent of human and humane judgment, which distinguishes another person’s moral state. 3. Torment. The House of the Dead demonstrate a hierarchy in describing the tortures, while freedom becomes a fundamental category to embody the most important motif of physical and moral torment connecting Dostoevsky’s novel with Dante’s experience. The bodily torment ceases to be only the torment of the body to become a pain of the soul, comparable to physical torment, so the soul suffers and burns. Hell as a moral topos was the key for Dostoevsky. In The House of the Dead, he chooses the same way as Dante in The Divine Comedy: vivid corporeality conveys an esoteric metaphor of moral suffering and deep inner movements of the soul.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document