Shallow deformation kinematic history, a new insight from carbonates U-Pb direct dating by LA-ICP-MS imaging technique.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Monchal ◽  
Kerstin Drost ◽  
David Chew
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Carbonate Sedimentation ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Ms Imaging ◽  
Deformation Phase ◽  
Icp Ms

<p>This project aims to refine direct dating of carbonates by the U-Pb system, using a new LA-ICP-MS imaging technique that incorporates complementary element and textural analysis information. The direct dating of carbonates in deep time has been considered desirable for decades (e.g. Jahn and Cuvellier, 1994) given their ubiquity in the Earth system, and carbonates are a key phase for dating geological processes such as brittle-ductile deformation in carbonate successions. This new method facilitates detailed (on the scale of tens of microns) mapping of U-Pb isotope and element distributions (cf Drost et al., 2018), and is here applied to carbonate vein dating to constrain local and regional histories of deformation or fluid activity.</p><p>In this presentation we focus on a sample from the Carboniferous North Dublin Basin, Ireland. The basin has been affected by deformation that led to tight chevron folds and kinematically-linked dextral en-echelon vein sets. Additionally bedding-parallel veins and  slickenfibres are common. The deformation has been conventionally assumed to be of Variscan age, and some Variscan U-Pb ages are recorded in this study. However many calcites analysed yield late Eocene ages, a deformation phase that is hitherto undetected on the Irish mainland. Our data indicate repeated fault slip over a peroid of at least c. 4 my during late Eocene times and, thus, demonstrate the ability of the LA-ICP-MS imaging approach to not only unravel complex polyphase deformation histories in carbonates but also to resolve processes on fine temporal and spatial scales.</p><p> </p><p> </p><p>DROST, K., CHEW, D., PETRUS, J. A., SCHOLZE, F., WOODHEAD, J. D., SCHNEIDER, J. W. & HARPER, D. A. T. 2018. An Image Mapping Approach to U-Pb LA-ICP-MS Carbonate Dating and Applications to Direct Dating of Carbonate Sedimentation. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 19<strong>,</strong> 4631-4648.</p><p>JAHN, B.-M. & CUVELLIER, H. 1994. Pb-Pb and U-Pb geochronology of carbonate rocks: an assessment. Chemical Geology, 115<strong>,</strong> 125-151.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of mid Eocene greenhouse warming on America’s southernmost floras

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Damián A. Fernández ◽  
Luis Palazzesi ◽  
M. Sol González Estebenet ◽  
M. Cristina Tellería ◽  
Viviana D. Barreda
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Spores And Pollen ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Nonparametric Estimators ◽  
Southern Patagonia ◽  
Marine Realm ◽  
High Diversity

AbstractA major climate shift took place about 40 Myr ago—the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum or MECO—triggered by a significant rise of atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The biotic response to this MECO is well documented in the marine realm, but poorly explored in adjacent landmasses. Here, we quantify the response of the floras from America’s southernmost latitudes based on the analysis of terrestrially derived spores and pollen grains from the mid-late Eocene (~46–34 Myr) of southern Patagonia. Robust nonparametric estimators indicate that floras in southern Patagonia were in average ~40% more diverse during the MECO than pre-MECO and post-MECO intervals. The high atmospheric CO2 and increasing temperatures may have favored the combination of neotropical migrants with Gondwanan species, explaining in part the high diversity that we observed during the MECO. Our reconstructed biota reflects a greenhouse world and offers a climatic and ecological deep time scenario of an ice-free sub-Antarctic realm.

scholarly journals Nano-sized zeolites as modulators of thiacloprid toxicity onChironomus riparius

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla S. Lorenz ◽  
Anna-Jorina Wicht ◽  
Leyla Guluzada ◽  
Barbara Crone ◽  
Uwe Karst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Biting Midge ◽  
Ms Imaging ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Small Primary ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Investigation Period ◽  
Adsorption Rates

This study investigated whether zeolites of different size (Y30 (nano-sized) and H-Beta(OH)-III (forming large aggregates/agglomerates composed of 50 nm small primary particles)) exerted acute toxicity on larvae of the non-biting midge,Chironomus riparius, and whether such zeolites are able to modulate the toxicity of a common insecticide, thiacloprid, by means of adsorption of a dissolved toxicant. We conducted acute toxicity tests with fourth instar larvae ofC. riparius. In these tests, larvae were exposed to zeolites or thiacloprid solely, or to mixtures of both compounds. The mixtures comprised 1.0 µg/L thiacloprid in addition to low (5.2 mg/L), medium (18.2 mg/L), and high (391.7 mg/L) zeolite concentrations, resulting in different adsorption rates of thiacloprid. As biological endpoints, changes in mortality rates and in behavior were monitored every 24 h over a total investigation period of 96 h. Furthermore, we conducted chemical analyses of thiacloprid in the medium and the larvae and located the zeolite particles within the larvae by LA-ICP-MS imaging techniques. Our results demonstrate that both types of zeolites did not exert acute toxicity when applied as single-substances, but led to reduced acute toxicity of thiacloprid when applied together with thiacloprid. These results are in line with the sorption properties of zeolites indicating reduced bioavailability of thiacloprid, although our data indicate that thiacloprid can desorb from zeolites to some extent. While freely dissolved (i.e., non-sorbed) fraction of thiacloprid was a good parameter to roughly estimate toxic effects, it did not correlate with measured internal thiacloprid concentrations. Moreover, it was shown that both zeolite types were ingested by the larvae, but no indication for cellular uptake of them was found.

Calcareous nannofossils from the Tasman Sea (IODP Site U1509): biochronology, paleoclimatic evolution and bulk stable isotopes across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allyson Viganò ◽  
Edoardo Dallanave ◽  
Laia Alegret ◽  
Thomas Westerhold ◽  
Rupert Sutherland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotopes ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Calcareous Nannofossils ◽  
Deep Time

<p>About 34 Ma, the Warmhouse climate state switched into the Coolhouse state, when a rapid drop in temperature and the establishment of permanent continental ice-sheet on the Antarctic continent occurred (1).</p><p>This event, which is referred to as the Eocene-Oligocene transition (EOT; lasted ~500 ka) represents one of the most prominent transitions of the entire Cenozoic. During the EOT, calcareous nannoplankton experienced significant changes in the assemblage coinciding with the long-term cooling and modifications in the sea-surface water conditions (2, 3), suggesting a cause-effect relationship between the onset of the first sustained Antarctic glaciation and the response of phytoplanktonic communities.</p><p>We generated a high-resolution calcareous nannofossil and geochemical datasets (δ<sup>18</sup>O, δ<sup>13</sup>C and % CaCO<sub>3</sub>) from IODP Site U1509 (New Caledonia Trough) (4) with the final aim to provide an overview of the paleoclimatic and paleoceanographic evolution of the study area across the EOT. Our bio-magnetostratigraphic results, consistent with shipboard data (5), were compared along with other existing records recovered from Indian Ocean, Equatorial Pacific and Atlantic Ocean in order to critically evaluate the reliability, reproducibility and synchroneity of all the biohorizons taken into consideration and to obtain a clearer global perspective. </p><p>According to major trends and shifts in the assemblage, the ~5 Myr study interval was subdivided into 4 distinct phases, which were also identified based on changes observed in 1) a number of diversity indices (i.e., species richness, dominance, H-index and evenness), 2) the warm-oligotrophic taxa abundance (<em>Discoaster saipanensis</em>, <em>D. barbadiensis</em> and <em>Ericsonia formosa</em>), 3) the principal component (PC1 and PC2) scores, and 4) bulk stable isotopes and carbonate content. The observed changes are interpreted as an overall decline of warm-oligotrophic communities and, conversely, the incoming of genera better adapted to cooler and more eutrophic conditions.</p><p>The most prominent shift in the assemblage occurred during a time window of ~520 kyr, the precursor phase, with relatively high bulk δ<sup>18</sup>O and % CaCO<sub>3</sub> values, that predated the phase of maximum glacial expansion (Earliest Oligocene Glacial Maximum – EOGM) (6) and documented the permanent loss of the late Eocene k-selected community, characterized by warm and oligotrophic taxa.</p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>1. T. Westerhold et al., Science. <strong>369</strong>, 1383–1388 (2020).</p><p>2. T. Dunkley Jones, P. R. Bown, P. N. Pearson, J. Syst. Palaeontol. <strong>7</strong>, 359–411 (2009).</p><p>3. H. K. Coxall, P. N. Pearson, in Deep-Time Perspectives on Climate Change: Marrying the Signal from Computer Models and Biological Proxies, Micropaleontology Society Special Publication, M. Williams, A. M. Haywood, J. Gregory, D. N. Schmidt, Eds. (Geological Society, London, 2007), pp. 351–387.</p><p>4. R. Sutherland, G. R. Dickens, P. Blum, the Expedition 371, Int. Ocean Discov. Progr. (2017), doi:10.14379/iodp.pr.371.2018.</p><p>5. R. Sutherland et al., Tasman Front. Subduction Initiat. Paleogene Clim. Proc. Int. Ocean Discov. Program, 371 Coll. Station. TX (International Oce. <strong>371</strong>, 1–35 (2019).</p><p>6. Z. Liu, S. Tuo, Q. Zhao, X. Cheng, W. Huang, Chinese Sci. Bull. <strong>49</strong>, 2190–2197 (2004).</p>

Development of a hyperspectral imaging technique using LA-ICP-MS to show the spatial distribution of elements in soil cores

Geoderma ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 385 ◽  
pp. 114831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zaeem ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem ◽  
Thu Huong Pham ◽  
Waqar Ashiq ◽  
Waqas Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Hyperspectral Imaging ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Soil Cores ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Distribution Of Elements

An approach for quantification of platinum distribution in tissues by LA-ICP-MS imaging using isotope dilution analysis

Talanta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 178 ◽  
pp. 166-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Moraleja ◽  
M.L. Mena ◽  
A. Lázaro ◽  
B. Neumann ◽  
A. Tejedor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Isotope Dilution Analysis ◽  
Ms Imaging ◽  
Icp Ms

scholarly journals A promising future for integrative biodiversity research: an increased role of scale-dependency and functional biology

2016 ◽  
Vol 371 (1691) ◽  
pp. 20150228 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Price ◽  
L. Schmitz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Scaling Effects ◽  
Deep Time ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Biodiversity Research ◽  
Ecological Mechanisms ◽  
Functional Biology ◽  
Biotic Environment

Studies into the complex interaction between an organism and changes to its biotic and abiotic environment are fundamental to understanding what regulates biodiversity. These investigations occur at many phylogenetic, temporal and spatial scales and within a variety of biological and geological disciplines but often in relative isolation. This issue focuses on what can be achieved when ecological mechanisms are integrated into analyses of deep-time biodiversity patterns through the union of fossil and extant data and methods. We expand upon this perspective to argue that, given its direct relevance to the current biodiversity crisis, greater integration is needed across biodiversity research. We focus on the need to understand scaling effects, how lower-level ecological and evolutionary processes scale up and vice versa, and the importance of incorporating functional biology. Placing function at the core of biodiversity research is fundamental, as it establishes how an organism interacts with its abiotic and biotic environment and it is functional diversity that ultimately determines important ecosystem processes. To achieve full integration, concerted and ongoing efforts are needed to build a united and interactive community of biodiversity researchers, with education and interdisciplinary training at its heart.

Towards a Method for Quantitative LA-ICP-MS Imaging of Multi-Phase Assemblages: Mineral Identification and Analysis Correction Procedures

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bence Paul ◽  
Jon D. Woodhead ◽  
Chad Paton ◽  
Janet M. Hergt ◽  
John Hellstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ms Imaging ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
Mineral Identification

scholarly journals GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES OF FORMATION, SEARCH AND PROGNOSIS OF UKRAINIAN AMBER-SUCCINITE

2020 ◽  
pp. 03-10
Author(s):  
V.M. Matsui ◽  
◽  
U.Z. Naumenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Late Eocene ◽  
Late Oligocene ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Living Matter ◽  
Sedimentary Deposits ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Vegetation Characteristic

The purpose of this study is to determine the geological and geographical features of the transformation of resin secretions of conifers during the transition from living matter to inanimate (mineral) in the process of several stages of fossilization; formation of succinite-amber placers, as well as substantiation of prognosis assessment of prospects for discovery of new deposits and amber manifestations in the context of their ecologically safe and ecologically expedient extraction. The natural-geographical paleocomplexes of the south-eastern part of the Baltic-Dnieper amber-bearing province in the Eocene-Oligocene are characterized, which caused the accumulation of primary biogenic-sedimentary deposits of resin secretions (proto-amber) and conditions of formation of weeds of different ages. These placers are divided by genesis into indigenous, coastal, marine and estuarine delta and delta of the first intermediate reservoirs, formed in the post-Buchach period - late Middle - Late Eocene and early Oligocene and continental polygenetic placers due to in the late Oligocene, Neogene and Anthropogenic. It has been established that the root source of succinite amber in Ukraine was biogenic sedimentary deposits of resin secretions of vegetation characteristic of the central part of modern Ukraine, while in foreign literature it is believed that the main source of Ukrainian amber is its transfer from Scandinavia by coastal banks or river streams and glaciers from the Baltics. The substantiation of the prognosis of new industrial deposits of amber-succinite discovery in Ukraine is stated. Attention is paid to the problem of development of valuable gem deposits - illegal amber mining, the negative consequences of which are considered as manifestations of natural geological processes.

scholarly journals Apatite fission-track dating by LA-Q-ICP-MS imaging

2021 ◽  
Vol 560 ◽  
pp. 119977
Author(s):  
Claire Ansberque ◽  
David M. Chew ◽  
Kerstin Drost
Keyword(s):  
Fission Track ◽  
Fission Track Dating ◽  
Apatite Fission Track ◽  
Ms Imaging ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Apatite Fission Track Dating
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