Contemporary crustal deformation in Georgia (Caucasus)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgi Khazaradze Tsilosani ◽  
Giorgi Sokhadze ◽  
Galaktion Hahubia ◽  
Manana Kachakhidze
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Zone ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Northern Boundary ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Lesser Caucasus

<p>The Republic of Georgia is located in the Caucasus, between the Black and Caspian seas from the west and the east, and the Greater and Lesser Caucasus mountains from the north and the south. Tectonically, the region belongs to the Alpine-Himalayan collisional zone, formed during the late Cenozoic period as a result of a collision between the Arabian and Eurasian plates. The deformation zone due to this collision is broad and extends from Zagros mountains in southern Iran to the Greater Caucasus in the north. The GPS studies conducted during the last decade suggest a convergence rate of up to 20 mm/yr between the Arabia and Eurasia plates. Although majority of this convergence occurs in the southern part of the deformation zone, important part of this convergence takes place in Georgia, implying an elevated seismic risk in the region. This is corroborated by a presence of significant historical and instrumental earthquakes in the country.</p><p>As part of the project dealing with the detection of possible low frequency electromagnetic emissions proceeding earthquakes, in summer of 2016 we have installed a continuous GNSS station MTSK between Mtskheta and Tbilisi. The station consists of Leica GRX1200 GNSS receiver with an AS10 antenna. It is mounted on top of the building, anchored to the existing brick wall. In contrast, principal convergence between the Lesser and Greater Caucasus across the Tbilisi segment, occurs along the northern boundary of the Lesser Caucasus. To constrain the velocity gradient to the northern boundary of the lesser Caucasus, in 2019 an additional continuous GNSS station MKRN was installed in this deformation zone by the GTDI near the settlement of Mukhrani. It consists of Trimble 5700 receiver with a Zephyr Geodetic antenna.</p><p>The analysis of the data is performed using the Gamit/Globk software package from MIT and it is processed in conjunction with 26 continuous GNSS stations of the GEO-CORS network operated by National Agency of Public Registry of Georgia (geocors.napr.gov.ge). In addition, we analyze data form the stations located on Eurasia, Arabia and Africa plates. The main objective of the given work is to monitor a millimeter level deformation of the crust due to the collision of Arabia and Eurasia tectonic plates and identify the regions of higher deformation and relate them to individual faults.</p><p>This work has been partially supported by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (grant DI/21/9-140/13) and PROMONTEC (CGL2017-84720-R AEI/FEDER, UE) project, financed by the Spanish MINEICO. We are grateful to the Andronikashvili Institute of Physics (www.aiphysics.tsu.ge) for letting us use their facility for the installation of the GNSS station.</p>

Present-day crustal deformation of Georgia (Caucasus)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgi Sokhadze ◽  
Galaktion Hahubia ◽  
Manana Kachakhidze ◽  
Giorgi Khazaradze
Keyword(s):  
Deformation Zone ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Zagros Mountains ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Northern Boundary ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Lesser Caucasus

<p><span>The republic of Georgia is located in the Caucasus, between the Black and Caspian seas from the west and the east, and Greater and Lesser Caucasus mountains from the north and the south. Tectonically, the region belongs to the Alpine-Himalayan collisional zone, formed during the late Cenozoic period as a result of a collision between the Arabian and Eurasian plates. The deformation zone due to this collision is broad and extends from Zagros mountains in southern Iran to the Greater Caucasus in the north. The GPS studies conducted during the last decade suggest a convergence rate of 18 mm/yr between the Arabia and Eurasia plates. Although majority of this convergence occurs in the southern part of the deformation zone, important part of this convergence takes place in Georgia, implying an elevated seismic risk in the region. This is corroborated by a presence of significant historical and instrumental earthquakes in the country.</span></p><p><span>As part of the project dealing with the detection of possible low frequency electromagnetic emissions proceeding earthquakes, in summer of 2016 we have installed a continuous GNSS station MTSK between Mtskheta and Tbilisi. The station consists of Leica GRX1200 GNSS receiver with an AS10 antenna. It is mounted on top of the building, anchored to the existing brick wall. In contrast, principal convergence between the Lesser and Greater Caucasus across the Tbilisi segment, occurs along the northern boundary of the Lesser Caucasus. To constrain the velocity gradient to the northern boundary of the lesser Caucasus, in 2019 an additional continuous GNSS station MKRN was installed in this deformation zone by the GTDI near the settlement of Mukhrani. It consists of Trimble 5700 receiver with a Zephyr Geodetic antenna.</span></p><p><span>The analysis of the data is performed using the Gamit/Globk software package from MIT and it is processed in conjunction with 26 continuous GNSS stations of the GEO-CORS network operated by National Agency of Public Registry of Georgia (<em>geocors.napr.gov.ge</em>). In addition, we analyze data form the stations located on Eurasia, Arabia and Africa plates. The principle objective of the given work is to monitor millimeter level deformation of the crust due to the collision of Arabia and Eurasia tectonic plates and identify the regions of higher deformation and relate them to individual faults. </span></p><p><span>This work has been partially supported by Shota Rustaveli National Science Foundation of Georgia (grant DI/21/9-140/13) and PROMONTEC (CGL2017-84720-R AEI/FEDER, UE) project, financed by the Spanish MINEICO. We are grateful to the Andronikashvili Institute of Physics (<em>www.aiphysics.tsu.ge</em>) for letting us use their facility for the installation of the GNSS station.</span></p>

scholarly journals New locations and distribution of the alien species Acalipha australis L. (Euforbiaceae) in Azerbaijan

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Rena T. Abdiyeva ◽  
Svetlana A. Litvinskaya
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Vegetable Gardens ◽  
New Localities ◽  
New Locations ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Lesser Caucasus ◽  
Vertical Zoning

Abstract:The article is devoted to the introduced species Acalypha australis L., which has recently been actively expanding its secondary range in Azerbaijan. The results of the study of the distribution and new localities of the species in the republic are discussed, the areas are specified, the species composition of phytocenoses is described, the influence of field moisture on the vitality of A. australis and the dependence on vertical zoning are considered. The main habitats of the species are garden plots, vegetable gardens, park zones and the sides of small water channels, the introduction of A. australis into forest, coastal ecosystems is noted. Keywords: invasive species, Greater Caucasus, Lesser Caucasus, forest ecosystems, coastal strip, agrocenoses, abundance

The Caucasus: One or Many? A View from the Region

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Akkieva
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Range ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
North West ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
The Western Caucasus ◽  
Central Caucasus ◽  
Lesser Caucasus ◽  
Definition Of

For all its geographical, cultural and political uniqueness, the definition of the Caucasus as a region is problematic. Geographers, geologists, political scientists, anthropologists and historians—all have disagreements between themselves and each other about such issues as what constitutes its borders, and what are the features of both its homogeneity and heterogeneity. Often, the use by representatives of one discipline of the conclusions and terminology from other disciplines in order to substantiate their positions complicates the problem even further. In any case, in general geographical terms the Caucasus is the territory between the Black, Azov and Caspian Seas, extending from the Kuma-Manych depression in the north to Georgia's and Armenia's borders with Turkey, and Azerbaijan's borders with Iran in the south. In physical-geological terms the Caucasus is predominantly a mountainous region which is shaped by the trajectories of the two mountain ranges, namely the Greater and Lesser Caucasus. The trajectory of the Greater Caucasus represents a diagonal stretching from the north-west to the southeast, while the trajectory of the Lesser Caucasus forms an ellipsoidal bow. At the Suram Passage the Lesser and Greater Caucasus practically merge. The Caucasus mountain range is divided lengthwise into the western Caucasus which stretches to Elbrus; the central Caucasus, which is between the Elbrus and Kazbek mountains; and the eastern Caucasus, which is to the east of the Kazbek.

scholarly journals Геодинамика территории Азербайджана на основе данных GPS за 2017–2019 гг.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.E. Kazimov
Keyword(s):  
Mountain Range ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Geodynamic Processes ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temporal Modes ◽  
Lesser Caucasus ◽  
Comparison Of The Results ◽  
Gps Velocity Field

the results obtained, in conjunction with these seismicity and the mechanisms of earthquakes, allow to determine the modern geodynamic situation of the studied region. The aim of the work was geodetic analysis and comparison of the results of GPS stations obtained for the period 2017-2019. on the territory of Azerbaijan. Methods. In the process of studying geodynamic processes using GPS technologies, two spatio-temporal modes are mainly used: a single redefinition of the initial coordinates of the points of geodetic networks and the displacement of the initial values of deformations. GPS data were processed using the GAMIT/GLOBK program. Results. One of the most pronounced features of the GPS velocity field is a decrease in the velocities of GPS stations (northern component of VN), perpendicular to the direction of expansion of the Greater Caucasus surface from south to north. The movement of the earth's surface to the north-north-east is interpreted as one of the reasons for this accumulation of stress.In addition, there is a tendency for horizontal movement in the Kura Depression and the Lesser Caucasus, which is reflected in the increase in velosity from west to east along the extension of the mountain range. It was determined that the earth's crust shortened at a velosity of ~ 5 mm / year in the Baku (Absheron peninsula). During 2019, on average, up to 8.4 mm per year in the north-northeast direction is observed for the territory of Azerbaijan. Separate velocities were also calculated for each station. Compared to 2018, it was determined that out of 24 GPS stations PQLG, XNQG, IMLG, QZXG, GANG, MNGG, FZLG, SATG, LKRG, LRKG and YRDG stations, the value of horizontal velocities increased by 0.5-7.0 mm/year, ZKTG, QBLG. At QSRG, ATGG, GDBG, AGDG, ALIG, JLVGG, GALG, GOBG and NDRG stations, the velocities values decreased by 0.5-3.1 mm/year. In 2019, the highest velocities were observed at Ganja, Mingachevir and Saatli stations. On average, velocities were 3.1-9.6 mm/year in the Greater Caucasus, 6.9-16.5 mm/year in the Kura Basin, 10.2-14.8 mm/year in the Talish area and on the Apsheron Peninsula. It varies between 3.6-4.8 mm/year. полученные результаты в совокупности с приведенной сейсмичностью и механизмами землетрясений позволяют определить современную геодинамическую ситуацию изучаемого региона. Целью работы являлся геодезический анализ и сравнение результатов GPS-станций, полученных за период 2017–2019 гг. на территории Азербайджана. Методы работы. В процессе изучения геодинамических процессов с использованием GPS технологий в основном применяются два пространственно-временных режима: однократное переопределение начальных координат точек геодезических сетей и смещение начальных значений деформаций. Данные GPS обрабатывали с помощью программы GAMIT/GLOBK. Результаты работы. Одной из наиболее ярко выраженных особенностей поля скорости GPS является уменьшение скоростей станций GPS (северный компонент VN), перпендикулярных направлению расширения поверхности Большого Кавказа с юга на север. Движение земной поверхности на север-северо-восток интерпретируется как одна из причин такого накопления напряжения. Кроме того, существует тенденция горизонтального движения в Курской впадине и на Малом Кавказе, что отражается в увеличение скорости с запада на восток по продолжению горного хребта. Было установлено, что земная кора сокращалась со скоростью ~ 5 мм/год в Баку (Апшеронский полуостров). В течение 2019 года в среднем по территории Азербайджана наблюдается до 8,4 мм в год в северо-северо-восточном направлении. Отдельные скорости были также рассчитаны для каждой станции. По сравнению с 2018 годом было определено, что из 24 GPS станций PQLG, XNQG, IMLG, QZXG, GANG, MNGG, FZLG, SATG, LKRG, LRKG и YRDG, значение горизонтальных скоростей увеличилось на 0,5–7,0 мм/год, ZKTG, QBLG. На станциях QSRG, ATGG, GDBG, AGDG, ALIG, JLVGG, GALG, GOBG и NDRG значения скоростей снизились на 0,5–3,1 мм/год. В 2019 году самые высокие скорости наблюдались на станциях Гянджа, Мингячевир и Саатлы. В среднем скорости составляли 3,1–9,6 мм/год на Большом Кавказе, 6,9–16,5 мм/год в бассейне Куры, 10,2–14,8 мм/год в Талышском районе и на Апшеронском полуострове. Колебания находятся в пределах 3,6–4,8 мм/год.

Peculiarities of the course of the postpartum period in domestic reindeer females, its morphophysiology and behavioral reactions in the North-East of Russia (Republic of Sakha)

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-105
Author(s):  
V. Fedorov ◽  
E. Sleptsov ◽  
K. Plemyashov
Keyword(s):  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Behavioral Reactions ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Mountain Taiga

A growth in the number of deer and an increase in their productivity are closely related to the solution of the complex problem of reproduction and rational use of deer females. Significant damage to reindeer husbandry is caused by the barrenness of northern domestic deer, the level of which has been quite high in recent years. So, in the Republic of Sakha, on 01.01.2020, the number of domesticated reindeer was 152,068, of which female deer and heifers — 71,818, offspring per 100 females — 59, business yield amounted to 52 fawns per 100 females. The causes of infertility are very diverse, as the natural and climatic conditions of the breeding zones have a significant influence on the reproductive function of reindeer. In Yakutia, the main population of northern domestic deer is bred in mountain taiga and tundra natural-climatic zones, so there are about 55 thousand deer in the mountain taiga zone and more than 65 thousand deer in the tundra zone. In this regard, the study of the peculiarities of the postpartum period course in domestic reindeer females, its morphophysiology, and behavioral reactions depending on the natural and climatic conditions of breeding is of great importance.

Sphagnum mosses (Sphagnaceae, Bryophyta) of mires Chefandzar and Masota in North Ossetia (Caucasus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 455-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Ya. Doroshina ◽  
I. A. Nikolajev
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Sphagnum Mosses ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time ◽  
North Ossetia

Sphagnum mires on the Greater Caucasus are rare, characterized by the presence of relict plant communities of glacial age and are in a stage of degradation. The study of Sphagnum of Chefandzar and Masota mires is carried out for the first time. Seven species of Sphagnum are recorded. Their distribution and frequency within the North Caucasus are analyzed. Sphagnum contortum, S. platyphyllum, S. russowii, S. squarrosum are recorded for the first time for the study area and for the flora of North Ossetia. The other mosses found in the study area are listed.

Materials to the lichen flora of Samurskiy Ridge (high mountainous Dagestan)

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-406
Author(s):  
A. B. Ismailov ◽  
G. P. Urbanavichus
Keyword(s):  
North Caucasus ◽  
Lichenicolous Fungi ◽  
Greater Caucasus ◽  
Altitudinal Range ◽  
The North ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Mountainous Landscapes ◽  
First Time ◽  
Lichen Flora

The lichens and lichenicolous fungi of high mountainous landscapes of Samurskiy Ridge were studied in altitudinal range 2400–3770 m a. s. l. for the first time and 112 species are recorded. Among them 33 species, 10 genera (Arthrorhaphis, Baeomyces, Calvitimela, Epilichen, Lambiella, Psorinia, Rufoplaca, Sagedia, Sporastatia, Tremolecia) and 4 families (Anamylopsoraceae, Arthrorhaphidaceae, Baeomycetaceae, Hymeneliaceae) are new for Dagestan, six species (Buellia uberior, Carbonea atronivea, Lecanora atrosulphurea, Lecidea fuliginosa, L. swartzioidea, Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans) are reported for the first time for the Greater Caucasus and two species (Acarospora subpruinata and Rhizocarpon postumum) — for the North Caucasus. Most of the new findings were collected from 3500–3770 m a. s. l.

Peranan Ombudsman Republik Indonesia Perwakilan Sumatera Utara Dalam Pengawasan Pelayanan Dinas Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil Kota Medan

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Putri Ananda Sari ◽  
Abdul Kadir ◽  
Beby Mashito Batu Bara
Keyword(s):  
Service Provider ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
First Report ◽  
The North ◽  
Supervision Process ◽  
The Republic ◽  
North Sumatra

This study aims to determine the role of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in North Sumatra Representative in the Supervision of Population and Civil Registry Service in Medan City. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods describing information about the data obtained from the field in the form of written and oral data from the parties studied. Data is collected based on interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the role of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in North Sumatra was carried out in the form of external supervision. External supervision is supervision carried out by the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia Representative of North Sumatra to the Medan Population and Civil Registry Service. Actions taken in the supervision process are incoming reports, follow-up of the first report and follow-up of the report. Based on the research that has been carried out, it has been concluded that the role of the Ombudsman of the Republic of Indonesia in the North Sumatra Representative in supervising the service provider of the Population and Civil Registry services is carried out in the form of external supervision. In supervising the handling of public reports of alleged poor service in the area of population administration, it has been effective, with several efforts to handle reports such as: (1) Clarification; (2) Investigation; (3) Recommendations; (4) Monitoring.

Sport and nationalism in the Republic of North Macedonia

Focaal ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Vasiliki P. Neofotistos
Keyword(s):  
Direct Product ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
National History ◽  
Sports Teams ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The North ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The Republic

Using the Republic of North Macedonia as a case study, this article analyzes the processes through which national sports teams’ losing performance acquires a broad social and political significance. I explore claims to sporting victory as a direct product of political forces in countries located at the bottom of the global hierarchy that participate in a wider system of coercive rule, frequently referred to as empire. I also analyze how public celebrations of claimed sporting victories are intertwined with nation-building efforts, especially toward the global legitimization of a particular version of national history and heritage. The North Macedonia case provides a fruitful lens through which we can better understand unfolding sociopolitical developments, whereby imaginings of the global interlock with local interests and needs, in the Balkans and beyond.

ANTHROPOGENIC AND ECONOMIC FACTORS OF THE СRIMEAN ECOLOGY

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
N.P. Demchenko ◽  
N.Yu. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Business Owners ◽  
Crimean Peninsula ◽  
The North ◽  
Chemical Release ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Russian Plant ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Town ◽  
Integrated Indicators ◽  
The Crimean Peninsula

The situation in the ecology of the Crimean Peninsula in recent years was discussed in the article. The analysis of absolute and integrated indicators of the anthropogenic impact showed that the ecological situation remains difficult, and according to some indicators even continues to deteriorate. In summer 2018, the situation had worsened because of the large chemical release of titanium dioxide on the north of the Crimea from the holding pond of a large Russian plant that is situated near the town of Armyansk. This, in turn, led to the contamination of the large territory on the north of the peninsula. This fact indicates insufficient control by officials of the Republic of Crimea over the implementation of the RF laws for environmental protection by business owners of various forms of ownership, especially private ownership, the level of responsibility for the environment of which is very low.

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