Inflatable Lunar Habitat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyubov Dimova ◽  
Kamelia Encheva
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Steel Frame ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Lava Tubes ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Skin Development ◽  
Aluminum Honeycomb ◽  
3D Computer Model ◽  
And Function ◽  
Inflatable Structure

<p>The project “Inflatable Lunar Habitat” is develop by a group of students, master's degree in architecture, from Germany and is a part of this year's edition of IGLUNA, supported by Swiss Space Center.</p> <p>The idea of ​​the project is to be created an easily portable laboratory for conducting scientific experiments in extreme weather conditions, here on Earth. But at the same time, the project is designed so that in the future this type of construction will be used to be build a habitat villige located in lava tubes on the moon or even on Mars.</p> <p>The habitat is designed as an inflatable structure with an aerodynamic shape that is easy and fast to transport, carry out an assembly, it is also designed to be on a temporary basis and generate the least possible impact on the environment at the time of the investigation. For being inflatable is more vulnerable from the outside and the inside as well, because of that it is necessary to ensure the habitat subsystems such as the skin development and connections, the floor connections, the airlock and the climate control.</p> <p>The structure is arranged of several different in type and function layers. Starting from inside with inflatable transparent skin of ETFE-foil, serving to provide a safe and sterile place for the experiments, followed by a support system of two layers of  crossing inflatable tubes,  and ending with another layer of ETFE- foil serving to protect the support structure from external mechanical impacts. And at the top, the entire prototype is protected from wind, rain and sun by a final layer. The whole inflatable structure is firmly attached to a steel frame, which in turn is attached to the ground. Inside the steel frame is the floor, which is made of aluminum honeycomb panels, which provide the necessary stability, flat surface and protection against slipping.</p> <p>Due to the impossibility of the actual build of the prototype during this year's field campaign, due to the global pandemic, we included in the project and developed our vision for the lunar village, using as a modular unit for its design, the prototype of the  habitat constructed for the Earth.</p> <p>Although this year the project remained at the level of technical drawings and 3D computer model, next year with the help of our current sponsors and hopefully new ones, as well as with the support of the Swiss Space Center we expect to build a real prototype of inflatable lunar habitat and to test it on Mount Pilatus in Switzerland during the field campaign of IGLUNA 2021.</p>

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of the stable water isotope distribution in an Alpine lake environment (L-WAIVE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 10911-10937
Author(s):  
Patrick Chazette ◽  
Cyrille Flamant ◽  
Harald Sodemann ◽  
Julien Totems ◽  
Anne Monod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Free Troposphere ◽  
Stable Water Isotopes ◽  
Valley Wind ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Wind Regimes

Abstract. In order to gain understanding on the vertical structure of atmospheric water vapour above mountain lakes and to assess its link with the isotopic composition of the lake water and with small-scale dynamics (i.e. valley winds, thermal convection above complex terrain), the L-WAIVE (Lacustrine-Water vApor Isotope inVentory Experiment) field campaign was conducted in the Annecy valley in the French Alps during 10 d in June 2019. This field campaign was based on an original experimental synergy between a suite of ground-based, boat-borne, and two ultra-light aircraft (ULA) measuring platforms implemented to characterize the thermodynamic and isotopic composition above and in the lake. A cavity ring-down spectrometer and an in-cloud liquid water collector were deployed aboard one of the ULA to characterize the vertical distribution of the main stable water isotopes (H216O, H218O and H2H16O) both in the air and in shallow cumulus clouds. The temporal evolution of the meteorological structures of the low troposphere was derived from an airborne Rayleigh–Mie lidar (embarked on a second ULA), a ground-based Raman lidar, and a wind lidar. ULA flight patterns were repeated several times per day to capture the diurnal evolution as well as the variability associated with the different weather events encountered during the field campaign, which influenced the humidity field, cloud conditions, and slope wind regimes in the valley. In parallel, throughout the campaign, liquid water samples of rain, at the air–lake water interface, and at 2 m depth in the lake were taken. A significant variability of the isotopic composition was observed along time, depending on weather conditions, linked to the transition from the valley boundary layer towards the free troposphere, the valley wind intensity, and the vertical thermal stability. Thus, significant gradients of isotopic content have been revealed at the transition to the free troposphere, at altitudes between 2.5 and 3.5 km. The influence of the lake on the atmosphere isotopic composition is difficult to isolate from other contributions, especially in the presence of thermal instabilities and valley winds. Nevertheless, such an effect appears to be detectable in a layer of about 300 m thickness above the lake in light wind conditions. We also noted similar isotopic compositions in cloud drops and rainwater.

scholarly journals Energy consumption and modelling of the climate control system in the electric vehicle

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 519-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisling Doyle ◽  
Tariq Muneer
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Mean Bias Error ◽  
Space Heating ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Heating And Cooling

With the introduction of electric vehicles in the automobile market, limited information is available on how the battery’s energy consumption is distributed. This paper focuses on the energy consumption of the vehicle when the heating and cooling system is in operation. On average, 18 and 14% for the battery’s energy capacity is allocated to heating and cooling requirements, respectively. The conventional internal combustion engine vehicle uses waste heat from its engine to provide for passenger thermal requirements at no cost to the vehicle’s propulsion energy demands. However, the electric vehicle cannot avail of this luxury to recycle waste heat. In order to reduce the energy consumed by the climate control system, an analysis of the temperature profile of a vehicle’s cabin space under various weather conditions is required. The present study presents a temperature predicting algorithm to predict temperature under various weather conditions. Previous studies have limited consideration to the fluctuation of solar radiation space heating to a vehicle’s cabin space. This model predicts solar space heating with a mean bias error and root mean square error of 0.26 and 0.57°C, respectively. This temperature predicting model can potentially be developed with further research to predict the energy required by the vehicle’s primary lithium-ion battery to heat and cool the vehicle’s cabin space. Thus, this model may be used in a route planning application to reduce range anxiety when drivers undertake a journey under various ambient weather conditions while optimising the energy consumption of the electric vehicle.

scholarly journals Trombe Wall Thermal Behavior and Energy Efficiency of a Light Steel Frame Compartment: Experimental and Numerical Assessments

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Lohmann ◽  
Paulo Santos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Thermal Storage ◽  
Steel Frame ◽  
Trombe Wall ◽  
Storage Wall ◽  
Heating Energy Consumption

Buildings are seeking renewable energy sources (e.g., solar) and passive devices, such as Trombe walls. However, the thermal performance of Trombe walls depends on many factors. In this work, the thermal behavior and energy efficiency of a Trombe wall in a lightweight steel frame compartment were evaluated, making use of in situ measurements and numerical simulations. Measurements were performed inside two real scale experimental identical cubic modules, exposed to natural exterior weather conditions. Simulations were made using validated advanced dynamic models. The winter Trombe wall benefits were evaluated regarding indoor air temperature increase and heating energy reduction. Moreover, a thermal behavior parametric study was performed. Several comparisons were made: (1) Sunny and cloudy winter week thermal behavior; (2) Office and residential space use heating energy; (3) Two heating set-points (20 °C and 18 °C); (4) Thickness of the Trombe wall air cavity; (5) Thickness of the thermal storage wall; (6) Dimensions of the interior upper/lower vents; (7) Material of the thermal storage wall. It was found that a Trombe wall device could significantly improve the thermal behavior and reduce heating energy consumption. However, if not well designed and controlled (e.g., to mitigate nocturnal heat losses), the Trombe wall thermal and energy benefits could be insignificant and even disadvantageous.

scholarly journals KAJIAN FUNGSI RUANG HIJAU FAKULTAS PERTANIAN UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZULHAM AARON MOCHAMAD
Keyword(s):  
Green Space ◽  
Social Activity ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Buffer Area ◽  
Activity Area ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa ◽  
Enterolobium Cyclocarpum ◽  
And Function

This study aimed to determine the vegetation and function of green space in Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), to reveal academicians of Faculty of Agriculture Universitas Gadjah Mada opinions and wishes, and to create the concept of green space development in Faculty of Agriculture UGM. The functions of green space that observed in this study are education, micro-climate control, identity (local of Yogyakarta and agricultural campus), production, aesthetics, social activity and interaction, and wildlife habitat. This research carried out by three stages as follow observation and data collection (physical and social data), data analysis, and drafting the concept of green space development of Faculty of Agriculture UGM. The results showed that there are 95 species of plants that consisted of 58 species of trees, 18 shrubs, 12 bushes, and 7 groundcovers. Based on academicians response, green space functions as a micro-climate control and wildlife habitat are quite good. Functions of education, identity (local of Yogyakarta and agricultural campus), production, aesthetic, and social should be developed. The development of campus green space that should be conducted are rearrangement and addition of landscape elements (vegetations and hardscapes) that support each functions. The concept of green space development includes the concept of space, types of activity, vegetation and hardscape. The concept of space that should be developed includes welcome area, active and passive activity area, and buffer area. The welcome area covers gate of Faculty of Agriculture UGM, that planned parking facilities, information map, and shelter. Vegetations that planned in welcome area are the vegetations that have main functions as micro-climate control and agricultural campus identity. Active and passive activity area is planned to provide facilities such as shelters, benches, tables, wifi connection, and electrical connectors. Vegetations that planned in activity area are the vegetations that have main functions as microclimate control, wildlife habitat, education, and aesthetic value, such as Sengon buto (Enterolobium cyclocarpum), Sawo bludru (Chrysophyllum cainito L), Kembang merak (Caesalpinia pulcherrina), and Bunga asar (Mirabilis jalapa). Buffer area used as a buffer zone of activity and conservation. Vegetations planned in buffer area should have main functions as micro-climate control, identity, and wildlife habitat, such as Soursop (Annona muricata), Sapodilla (Manilkara zapota), Srikaya (Annona squamosa), and Jambu darsono (Eugenia malaccensis).

scholarly journals Optimization in Water Resources At Dry Weather Conditions Before and After the Dam Failure By Using Dummy Variable Regression Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
H. A. Torabi ◽  
M. Najarchi ◽  
H. Mazaheri ◽  
R. Jafarinia ◽  
M. Izadikhah
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Programming Model ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Dam Failure ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Dummy Variable ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Function

Abstract One of the direct economic consequences of dam failure (DF) is that water supply for irrigation is affected and incomes of the agriculture sector (AS) are reduced. The main purpose of this study is to apply a linear programming model (LPM), which, the objective function of the model was set to maximize the income function of the region AS with accessible water sources and function of crops production before and after the DF by using dummy variable (DV) regression models to optimize water supply for irrigation. The results obtained indicate that the consumption of surface water(SW) and groundwaters (GW), before the DF has not been optimized, as there are 15.5 % source loss in SW and 14.5 % in GW. After the DF, the allocation of SW in the best possible situation of access to SW sources is independent of the model input. It has a fixed value equivalent to 86 million cubic meters (MCM), which indicates a 116% decrease in comparison with the optimized value. Total accessible water sources are decreased by 36 % and using GW is 15 % more than an average long period time. A based on the finding from this research and its comparison with previous studies, this model is appropriate for water supply programming after DF and for dry weather Conditions.

scholarly journals Influence of topography and fuels on fire refugia probability under varying fire weather conditions in forests of the Pacific Northwest, USA

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
pp. 636-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garrett W. Meigs ◽  
Christopher J. Dunn ◽  
Sean A. Parks ◽  
Meg A. Krawchuk
Keyword(s):  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Old Growth Forest ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Live Fuels ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
And Function

Fire refugia — locations that burn less severely or less frequently than surrounding areas — support late-successional and old-growth forest structure and function. This study investigates the influence of topography and fuels on the probability of forest fire refugia under varying fire weather conditions. We focused on recent large fires in Oregon and Washington, United States (n = 39 fires > 400 ha, 2004–2014). Our objectives were to (1) map fire refugia as a component of the burn severity gradient, (2) quantify the predictability of fire refugia as a function of prefire fuels and topography under moderate and high fire weather conditions, and (3) map the conditional probability of fire refugia to illustrate their spatial patterns in old-growth forests. Fire refugia exhibited higher predictability under relatively moderate fire weather conditions. Prefire live fuels were strong predictors of fire refugia, with higher refugia probability in forests with higher prefire biomass. In addition, fire refugia probability was higher in topographic settings with relatively northern aspects, steep catchment slopes, and concave topographic positions. Conditional probability maps revealed consistently higher fire refugia probability under moderate versus high fire weather scenarios. Results from this study inform conservation planning by determining late-successional forests most likely to persist as fire refugia despite increasing regional fire activity.

Field campaign on sediment transport behaviour in a pressure main from pumping station to wastewater treatment plant in Berlin

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 2025-2033
Author(s):  
M. Gunkel ◽  
E. Pawlowsky-Reusing
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sewer System ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Combined Sewer ◽  
Transport Behaviour

As part of the project KURAS, the Berliner Wasserbetriebe realized a field campaign in 2015 in order to increase the process knowledge regarding the behaviour of transported sediment in the pressure main leading from the pumpstation to the wastewater treatment plant. The field campaign was conducted because of a lack of knowledge about the general condition of the pressure main due to its bad accessibility and the suspicion of deposits caused by hydraulic underload. The practical evidence of the sediment transport performance of this part of the sewer system, dependent on different load cases, should present a basis for further analysis, for example regarding flushing measures. A positive side-effect of the investigation was the description of the amount of pollutants caused by different weather conditions in combined sewer systems and the alterations of the sewage composition due to biogenic processes during transport. The concept included the parallel sampling of the inflow at the pumpstation and the outflow at the end of the pressure main during different weather conditions. By calculating the inflow to the pressure main, as well as its outflow at different flow conditions, it was possible to draw conclusions in regard to the transport behaviour of sediment and the bioprocesses within an 8.5 km section of the pressure main. The results show clearly that the effects of sedimentation and remobilization depend on the flow conditions. The balance of the total suspended solids (TSS) load during daily variations in dry weather shows that the remobilization effect during the run-off peak is not able to compensate for the period of sedimentation happening during the low flow at night. Based on the data for dry weather, an average of 238 kg of TSS deposits in the pressure main remains per day. The remobilization of sediment occurs only due to the abruptly increased delivery rates caused by precipitation events. These high pollution loads lead to a sudden strain at the wastewater treatment plant. It was found that the sediment transport behaviour is characterized by sedimentation up to a flow velocity of 0.35 m/s, while remobilization effects occur above 0.5 m/s. The assumption of bad sediment transport performance in the pressure main was confirmed. Therefore, the results can be used as a basis for further analysis, for example regarding periodical flushing as a means of cleaning the pressure main. The findings, especially regarding the methods and processes, are transferable and can be applied to other pressure mains in combined sewer systems. Besides the outlined evaluation of the sediment transport behaviour of the pressure main, the collected data were used in the project to calibrate a sewer system model, including a water quality model for the catchment area, and as a contribution towards an early physically based sediment transport modelling in InfoWorks CS.

scholarly journals Single-cell transcriptomics reveals spatial and temporal turnover of keratinocyte differentiation regulators

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Finnegan ◽  
Raymond J Cho ◽  
Alan Luu ◽  
Paymann Harirchian ◽  
Jerry Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Keratinocyte Differentiation ◽  
Rna Expression ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Skin Development ◽  
Preferential Expression ◽  
Differentiation Stage ◽  
And Function

Abstract Background: Keratinocyte differentiation requires intricately coordinated spatiotemporal expression changes that specify epidermis structure and function. Results: This paper utilizes single-cell RNA-seq data from 22,338 human foreskin keratinocytes to reconstruct the transcriptional regulation of skin development and homeostasis genes, organizing them by differentiation stage and also into transcription factor (TF)-associated modules. We identify groups of TFs characterized by coordinate expression changes during progression from the undifferentiated basal to the differentiated state and show that these TFs also have concordant differential predicted binding enrichment in the super-enhancers previously reported to turn over between the two states. The identified TFs form a core subset of the regulators controlling gene modules essential for basal and differentiated keratinocyte functions, supporting their nomination as master coordinators of keratinocyte differentiation. Experimental depletion of the TFs ZBED2 and ETV4, both predicted to promote the basal state, induces differentiation. Furthermore, our single-cell RNA expression analysis reveals preferential expression of antioxidant genes in the basal state, suggesting keratinocytes actively suppress reactive oxygen species to maintain the undifferentiated state. Finally, we perform in-silico lineage tracing demonstrating transcriptomic correspondence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) to a basal keratinocyte subpopulation and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) to a rapidly proliferating stage that is intermediate between the basal and differentiated cell states, implicating distinct candidate cells of origin for these cancers. Conclusion: Our work demonstrates diverse computational methods integrating single-cell and bulk RNA expression data to advance our understanding of dynamic gene regulation in normal development and in disease.

scholarly journals Insect remote sensing using a polarization sensitive cw lidar system in chinese rice fields

2018 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 07001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiming Zhu ◽  
Elin Malmqvist ◽  
Yiyun Li ◽  
Samuel Jansson ◽  
Wansha Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Wing Beat ◽  
Lidar System ◽  
Field Campaign ◽  
Pest Insects

A joint Chinese-Swedish field campaign of Scheimpflug continuous-wave lidar monitoring of rice-field flying pest insects was pursued in very hot July weather conditions close to Guangzhou, China. The occurrence of insects, birds and bats with almost 200 hours of round-the-clock polarization-sensitive recordings was studied. Wing-beat frequency recordings and depolarization properties were used for target classification. Influence of weather conditions on the flying fauna was also investigated.

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