scholarly journals Historical <i>K</i> index data collection of Soviet magnetic observatories, 1957–1992

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Sergeyeva ◽  
Alexei Gvishiani ◽  
Anatoly Soloviev ◽  
Lyudmila Zabarinskaya ◽  
Tamara Krylova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
K Index ◽  
The World ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Magnetic Observatories

Abstract. K index is one of the oldest universal indices of geomagnetic activity, introduced in 1938 by Julius Bartels, that is still being widely used. Up to the present day, long-term timeseries of homogeneous K index records have been accumulated at data repositories all over the world. The multidecadal practice of its application makes it an indispensable source of information for retrospective analysis of solar-terrestrial interaction for nearly eight Solar cycles. Most significantly, while studying the historical geomagnetic data, K index datasheets are in certain cases far easier for automated analysis than the conventional analogue magnetograms. The presented collection includes the results of the K index determination at 41 geomagnetic observatories of the former USSR for the period from July 1957 to early 1990s. This unique collection was formed at the World Data Center for Solar-Terrestrial Physics in Moscow. The historical data, which are offered to the international scientific community, cover the second half of the 20th century and can be used for retrospective analysis and study of geomagnetic events in the past as well as for data validation or forecasting (Sergeyeva et al., 2020). The dataset is available at: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922233, last access: 16 September 2020.

scholarly journals Historical <i>K</i> index data collection of Soviet magnetic observatories, 1957–1992

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1987-1999
Author(s):  
Natalia Sergeyeva ◽  
Alexei Gvishiani ◽  
Anatoly Soloviev ◽  
Lyudmila Zabarinskaya ◽  
Tamara Krylova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Automated Analysis ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
Index Data ◽  
K Index ◽  
The World ◽  
Former Ussr ◽  
Magnetic Observatories

Abstract. The K index is one of the oldest universal indices of geomagnetic activity, introduced in 1938 by Julius Bartels, that is still being widely used. Up to the present day, long-term time series of homogeneous K index records have been accumulated at data repositories all over the world. The multidecadal practice of its application makes it an indispensable source of information for the retrospective analysis of solar–terrestrial interaction for nearly eight solar cycles. Most significantly, while studying the historical geomagnetic data, K index data sheets are in certain cases far easier for automated analysis than the conventional analogue magnetograms. The presented collection includes the results of the K index determination at 41 geomagnetic observatories of the former USSR for the period from July 1957 to the early 1990s. This unique collection was formed at the World Data Center for Solar-Terrestrial Physics in Moscow. The historical data, which are offered to the international scientific community, cover the second half of the 20th century and can be used for the retrospective analysis and study of geomagnetic events in the past, as well as for data validation or forecasting (Sergeyeva et al., 2020). The dataset is available at: https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.922233, last access: 16 September 2020.

K indices and K-derived magnetic activity indices:  context’s reminder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aude Chambodut
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Daily Variation ◽  
Geomagnetic Latitude ◽  
Magnetic Activity ◽  
Geomagnetic Disturbances ◽  
K Index ◽  
Objective Monitoring ◽  
Magnetic Observatories ◽  
Activity Indices

&lt;p&gt;The K index was devised by Bartels et al. (1939) to provide an objective monitoring of irregular geomagnetic activity at subauroral latitudes. K indices are based upon geomagnetic disturbances, measured in horizontal geomagnetic components at magnetic observatories, after &amp;#171; eliminating &amp;#187; the regular daily variation. An individual K index is an integer in the range 0 to 9 corresponding to a class that contains the largest range of geomagnetic disturbances (in either of the two horizontal components) during a 3-hour UT interval. Limits of range vary from one observatory to another since they depend on the corrected geomagnetic latitude of the observatory.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A great number of Space Weather applications rely on K-derived magnetic activity indices at subauroral latitudes. These historical indices; endorsed by IAGA such as Kp, aa and am; represent unprecedented homogeneous time series, up to more than 150 years, highly valuable for all studies related to long-term geomagnetic activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;However, one has to keep in mind that local K indices and subauroral related ones (K-derived) were developed during other time, under specific societal and technological conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We recall the local K indices derivation processes and characteristics to enlight possible nowadays drawbacks and their simple mitigations.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Long-term biases in geomagnetic <i>K</i> and <i>aa</i> indices

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1365-1375 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Love
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
K Value ◽  
K Index ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Value Estimation ◽  
Aa Index

Abstract. Analysis is made of the geomagnetic-activity aa index and its source K-index data from groups of ground-based observatories in Britain, and Australia, 1868.0–2009.0, solar cycles 11–23. The K data show persistent biases, especially for high (low) K-activity levels at British (Australian) observatories. From examination of multiple subsets of the K data we infer that the biases are not predominantly the result of changes in observatory location, localized induced magnetotelluric currents, changes in magnetometer technology, or the modernization of K-value estimation methods. Instead, the biases appear to be artifacts of the latitude-dependent scaling used to assign K values to particular local levels of geomagnetic activity. The biases are not effectively removed by weighting factors used to estimate aa. We show that long-term averages of the aa index, such as annual averages, are dominated by medium-level geomagnetic activity levels having K values of 3 and 4.

scholarly journals Noise in raw data of magnetic observatories

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Y. Khomutov ◽  
Oksana V. Mandrikova ◽  
Ekaterina A. Budilova ◽  
Kusumita Arora ◽  
Lingala Manjula
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Measurements ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
The World ◽  
Final Data ◽  
Noise Identification ◽  
Magnetic Observatories

Abstract. In spite of significant progress in the development of new devices for magnetic measurements, mathematical and computational technologies for data processing and means of communication, the quality of magnetic data accessible through the world centers still largely depends on the actual conditions in which observation of the Earth's magnetic field is performed at observatories. Processing of primary results of magnetic measurements by observatory staff plays an important role. It includes effective identification of noise and elimination of its influence on final data. In this paper, on the basis of the experience gained during long-term magnetic monitoring carried out at the observatories of IKIR FEB RAS (Russia) and CSIR-NGRI (India), we present a review of methods commonly encountered in actual practice for noise identification and the possibilities to reduce noise influence.

scholarly journals Long-term correlations in solar proxies and solar wind parameters

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Giovannelli ◽  
Raffaele Reda ◽  
Tommaso Alberti ◽  
Francesco Berrilli ◽  
Matteo Cantoresi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Magnetic Activity ◽  
Time Shift ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
K Index ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Solar Wind Parameters

&lt;p&gt;The long-term behaviour of the Solar wind and its impact on the Earth are of paramount importance to understand the framework of the strong transient perturbations (CMEs, SIRs). Solar variability related to its magnetic activity can be quantified by using synthetic indices (e.g. sunspots number) or physical ones (e.g. chromospheric proxies). In order to connect the long-term solar activity variations to solar wind properties, we use Ca II K index and solar wind OMNI data in the time interval between 1965 and 2019, which almost entirely cover the last 5 solar cycles. A time lag in the correlation between the parameters is found. This time shift seems to show a temporal evolution over the different solar cycles.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;

scholarly journals Alignment of biomedical data repositories with open, FAIR, citable and trust-worthy principles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Murphy ◽  
Michael Bar-Sinai ◽  
Maryann E. Martone
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Open Science ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Information Network ◽  
Biomedical Data ◽  
Data Repositories ◽  
The World ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Biomedical Community

AbstractIncreasing attention is being paid to the operation of biomedical data repositories in light of efforts to improve how scientific data is handled and made available for the long term. Simultaneously, groups around the world have been coming together to formalize principles that govern different aspects of open science and data sharing.The most well known are the FAIR data principles. These are joined by principles and practices that govern openness, citation, credit and good stewardship (trustworthiness). Together, these define a framework for data repositories to support Open, FAIR, Citable and Trustworthy (OFCT) data. Here we developed an instrument using the open source PolicyModels toolkit that attempts to operationalize key aspects of OFCT principles and applied the instrument to eight biomedical community repositories listed by the NIDDK Information Network (dkNET.org). The evaluation was performed through inspection of documentation and interaction with the sites. Overall, there was little explicit acknowledgement of any of the OFCT principles, although the majority of repositories provided at least some support for their tenets.

Evolution of Large-Scale Coronal Structures

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
P. Ambrož
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Field Line ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coronal Magnetic Field ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Characteristic Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractThe large-scale coronal structures observed during the sporadically visible solar eclipses were compared with the numerically extrapolated field-line structures of coronal magnetic field. A characteristic relationship between the observed structures of coronal plasma and the magnetic field line configurations was determined. The long-term evolution of large scale coronal structures inferred from photospheric magnetic observations in the course of 11- and 22-year solar cycles is described.Some known parameters, such as the source surface radius, or coronal rotation rate are discussed and actually interpreted. A relation between the large-scale photospheric magnetic field evolution and the coronal structure rearrangement is demonstrated.

Long-term Cyclic Variations of Prominences, Green and Red Coronae over Solar Cycles

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 201-204
Author(s):  
Vojtech Rušin ◽  
Milan Minarovjech ◽  
Milan Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Emission Lines ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Green Line ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
The South ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Local Maxima ◽  
The North ◽  
Cyclic Variations

AbstractLong-term cyclic variations in the distribution of prominences and intensities of green (530.3 nm) and red (637.4 nm) coronal emission lines over solar cycles 18–23 are presented. Polar prominence branches will reach the poles at different epochs in cycle 23: the north branch at the beginning in 2002 and the south branch a year later (2003), respectively. The local maxima of intensities in the green line show both poleward- and equatorward-migrating branches. The poleward branches will reach the poles around cycle maxima like prominences, while the equatorward branches show a duration of 18 years and will end in cycle minima (2007). The red corona shows mostly equatorward branches. The possibility that these branches begin to develop at high latitudes in the preceding cycles cannot be excluded.

Thoughts on the Long-Term Strategy, Science and Democracy

2006 ◽  
pp. 4-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Abalkin
Keyword(s):  
Strategy Development ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
World Development ◽  
Crucial Condition

The article covers unified issues of the long-term strategy development, the role of science as well as democracy development in present-day Russia. The problems of budget proficit, the Stabilization Fund issues, implementation of the adopted national projects, an increasing role of regions in strengthening the integrity and prosperity of the country are analyzed. The author reveals that the protection of businessmen and citizens from the all-embracing power of bureaucrats is the crucial condition of democratization of the society. Global trends of the world development and expert functions of the Russian science are presented as well.

Coal's Persistence in the Capitalist World-Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 194-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul K. Gellert ◽  
Paul S. Ciccantell
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Ecological Modernization ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
The World ◽  
Capitalist World Economy ◽  
Capitalist World

Predominant analyses of energy offer insufficient theoretical and political-economic insight into the persistence of coal and other fossil fuels. The dominant narrative of coal powering the Industrial Revolution, and Great Britain's world dominance in the nineteenth century giving way to a U.S.- and oil-dominated twentieth century, is marred by teleological assumptions. The key assumption that a complete energy “transition” will occur leads some to conceive of a renewable-energy-dominated twenty-first century led by China. After critiquing the teleological assumptions of modernization, ecological modernization, energetics, and even world-systems analysis of energy “transition,” this paper offers a world-systems perspective on the “raw” materialism of coal. Examining the material characteristics of coal and the unequal structure of the world-economy, the paper uses long-term data from governmental and private sources to reveal the lack of transition as new sources of energy are added. The increases in coal consumption in China and India as they have ascended in the capitalist world-economy have more than offset the leveling-off and decline in some core nations. A true global peak and decline (let alone full substitution) in energy generally and coal specifically has never happened. The future need not repeat the past, but technical, policy, and movement approaches will not get far without addressing the structural imperatives of capitalist growth and the uneven power structures and processes of long-term change of the world-system.

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