scholarly journals High-resolution map of sugarcane cultivation in Brazil using a phenology-based method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zheng ◽  
Ana Cláudia dos Santos Luciano ◽  
Jie Dong ◽  
Wenping Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Central Area ◽  
Training Sample ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Total Production ◽  
South Central ◽  
High Resolution Map ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Dynamic Time ◽  
Harvest Year

Abstract. Sugarcane is the most important source of sugar, and its cultivation area has undergone rapid expansion, replacing other crops, pastures, and forests. Brazil is the world's largest sugarcane producer and contributed to approximately 38.6 % of the world's total production in 2019. Sugarcane in Brazil can be harvested from April to December in south-central area and from September to April in northeast area. The flexible phenology and harvest conditions of sugarcane in Brazil make it difficult to identify the harvest area at state to country scales. In this study, we developed a phenology-based method to identify the harvest area of sugarcane in Brazil by incorporating the multiple phenology conditions into a time-weighted dynamic time warping method (TWDTW). Then, we produced annual 30-m spatial resolution sugarcane harvest maps (2016–2019) for 14 states in Brazil (over 98 % of the harvest area) based on the proposed method by using Landsat-7/8 and Sentinel-2 optical data. The proposed method performed well in identifying sugarcane harvest area with limited training sample data. Validations for the 2018 harvest year displayed high accuracy, with user's, producer's, and overall accuracies of 97.00 %, 88.08 %, and 92.99 % in Brazil, respectively. In addition, the identified harvest area of sugarcane exhibited good correlations with the agricultural statistical data provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) at the municipality, microregion, and mesoregion levels. The 30-m Brazil sugarcane harvest maps can be obtained at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14213909 (Zheng et al., 2021).

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-865
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
New England ◽  
Central Area ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
North Central ◽  
Medical Social Work ◽  
South Central ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
West North Central

A "Measles Year" ACCORDING to the reports of the U.S. Public Health Service, this is a measles year. For example, a total of 15,266 cases were reported for the week of January 29, 1949, compared to a five year median of 6,712. Increases were reported in all geographic divisions except New England and the West North Central area. The largest increases were in the East South Central and South Atlantic areas. Of the total that week, an aggregate of 10,522 cases occurred in the following 12 states: Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, Alabama, Texas, Oregon, and California. In contrast to measles, the influenza incidence picture shows an unusually low number of cases. For example, in the week of January 29, 1949, a total of 4,534 cases was reported, compared to a five year median of 14,253. List of Publications Under date of March 1948 the Children's Bureau has published a list of its publications. The list includes all publications of the Children's Bureau issued since 1945 that are available for general distribution; earlier publications of the Bureau that are still available and of current value; some reprints of material published elsewhere but reproduced by or for the Bureau. Pediatricians will find some of these reprints of particular interest. Single copies of the list and of most of the publications can be obtained free from the Children's Bureau, Washington 25, D.C.

scholarly journals SHORT PERIOD CHANGE DETECTION OF SPERCHIOS LOWER DELTA AREA USING SPACE RADAR IMAGES

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 919 ◽  
Author(s):  
Em. Psomiadis ◽  
G. Migiros ◽  
Is. Parcharidis ◽  
S. Poulos
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Period Change ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Delta Area ◽  
Principal Component Transform ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Changing Patterns

Being highly dynamic by nature, due to their changing hydrological regime and to the encroachment of urbanization, industrialization and changing patterns in agriculture, reliable and timely information of coastal areas is a prerequisite for their effective management. The aim of this paper is to assess the use of ERS-2 SAR satellite data to detect short period changes in the case of the R. Sperchios coastal area that is located at the eastern part of the Maliakos Gulf (near the middle of the east coast of the Greek mainland). A Landsat 7 (ΕΤΜ+) image served as a reference for the interpretation of the ERS images. In order to highlight and detect the changes occurred in the study area two methods were applied. The first method is based on the creation of a Temporal Differentiate Image, consisted of the three ERS-2 images (Figure 1). The second method concerns the implementation of Principal Component Transform (PCT) on the three multitemporal scenes. The final images derived from the two different methods were compared and evaluated. Both methods didn't show any significant change along the coastline. PCT method illustrates more clearly the seasonal changes of crops in the lower delta area. Eventually, radar technology gave the opportunity to discriminate shallow areas, which does not appear in satellite optical data. Concurrently, the effect of wind direction was investigated.

scholarly journals Skeleton Based Perpendicularly Scanning - A New Scanning Strategy for Additive Manufacturing: Modeling and Optimization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostapha El Jai ◽  
Iatimad AKHRIF ◽  
Nourddin Saidou
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Scanning Strategy ◽  
Production Time ◽  
Surface Unit ◽  
First Case ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Novel Strategy ◽  
Space Distance

Abstract In this paper, the authors propose a novel strategy of 2D scanning that might be adapted for any additive manufacturing process. The featured novelty corresponds to a Skeleton Based Perpendicularly (SBP) of the 2D shape of each slice. Thus, it is proposed to minimize the total production time of a given layer under some constraints. In other word, it is proposed to study the competitiveness conditions of the new scanning technique regarding the classical chess scanning strategy from a productivity perspective. In order to introduce this new technique, the paper treats the case of a rectangular layer. The competitiveness of the proposed technique was discussed according to chess decomposition parameters, the hatch space distance, and the dimensions of the primitive rectangle layer to analyze. The indicators introduced corresponds to “the gain of production time” and “the specific gain of production time per surface unit”; then, these latter were computed and discussed in two separated cases of study. The findings show that, by the adoption of the SBP technique instead the chess scanning strategy, it is possible to save about 3% to 45% of production time gain for the first case of study. The gain of production time per surface unit was analyzed in the second case of study. The correspondent analysis permitted to highlight the percentage of gain of time related to the area to scan. Indeed, the gain per surface unit varies between 4.32×10-6%/mm2 and 6.96×10-05%/mm2. In one hand, these indicators depend linearly on the decomposition strategy of the central area of the SBP technique and also according to the rectangle dimensions. In addition, for the lowest values of hatch space, around 25µm, the two techniques in competition present quasi-similar production time, where the variations between them is minimal. Nevertheless, starting from 65µm, the SBP scanning strategy present considerable less time of production judged as exponentially decreasing according to the hatch space distance. Finally, one can see that the scanning model proposed could present major contributions in other scientific and technical fields that use surface control as territorial security, water adduction and distribution, telecommunication, etc. by varying and adapting the decision variables according to each field of study.

scholarly journals A FUSION APPROACH FOR FLOOD MAPPING USING SENTINEL-1 AND SENTINEL-2 DATASETS

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 641-648
Author(s):  
B. Tavus ◽  
S. Kocaman ◽  
H. A. Nefeslioglu ◽  
C. Gokceoglu
Keyword(s):  
Sample Selection ◽  
Training Sample ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Flood Mapping ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Satellite Sensors ◽  
Flood Detection ◽  
High Level ◽  
Fusion Approach ◽  
Sentinel 2

Abstract. The frequency of flood events has increased in recent years most probably due to the climate change. Flood mapping is thus essential for flood modelling, hazard and risk analyses and can be performed by using the data of optical and microwave satellite sensors. Although optical imagery-based flood analysis methods have been often used for the flood assessments before, during and after the event; they have the limitation of cloud coverage. With the increasing temporal availability and spatial resolution of SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) satellite sensors, they became popular in data provision for flood detection. On the other hand, their processing may require high level of expertise and visual interpretation of the data is also difficult. In this study, a fusion approach for Sentinel-1 SAR and Sentinel-2 optical data for flood extent mapping was applied for the flood event occurred on August 8th, 2018, in Ordu Province of Turkey. The features obtained from Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 processing results were fused in random forest supervised classifier. The results show that Sentinel-2 optical data ease the training sample selection for the flooded areas. In addition, the settlement areas can be extracted from the optical data better. However, the Sentinel-2 data suffer from clouds which prevent from mapping of the full flood extent, which can be carried out with the Sentinel-1 data. Different feature combinations were evaluated and the results were assessed visually. The results are provided in this paper.

scholarly journals SALT3: An Improved Type Ia Supernova Model for Measuring Cosmic Distances

2021 ◽  
Vol 923 (2) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
W. D. Kenworthy ◽  
D. O. Jones ◽  
M. Dai ◽  
R. Kessler ◽  
D. Scolnic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Energy Distribution ◽  
Cosmological Parameters ◽  
Training Sample ◽  
Training Data ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Spectral Energy ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Estimation Of Uncertainties ◽  
Improved Model

Abstract A spectral-energy distribution (SED) model for Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) is a critical tool for measuring precise and accurate distances across a large redshift range and constraining cosmological parameters. We present an improved model framework, SALT3, which has several advantages over current models—including the leading SALT2 model (SALT2.4). While SALT3 has a similar philosophy, it differs from SALT2 by having improved estimation of uncertainties, better separation of color and light-curve stretch, and a publicly available training code. We present the application of our training method on a cross-calibrated compilation of 1083 SNe with 1207 spectra. Our compilation is 2.5× larger than the SALT2 training sample and has greatly reduced calibration uncertainties. The resulting trained SALT3.K21 model has an extended wavelength range 2000–11,000 Å (1800 Å redder) and reduced uncertainties compared to SALT2, enabling accurate use of low-z I and iz photometric bands. Including these previously discarded bands, SALT3.K21 reduces the Hubble scatter of the low-z Foundation and CfA3 samples by 15% and 10%, respectively. To check for potential systematic uncertainties, we compare distances of low (0.01 < z < 0.2) and high (0.4 < z < 0.6) redshift SNe in the training compilation, finding an insignificant 3 ± 14 mmag shift between SALT2.4 and SALT3.K21. While the SALT3.K21 model was trained on optical data, our method can be used to build a model for rest-frame NIR samples from the Roman Space Telescope. Our open-source training code, public training data, model, and documentation are available at https://saltshaker.readthedocs.io/en/latest/, and the model is integrated into the sncosmo and SNANA software packages.

Reevaluation of the Lake-Sediment Chronology in the Dead Sea Basin, Israel, Based on New 230Th/U dates

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 292-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Kaufman ◽  
Yoseph Yechieli ◽  
Michael Gardosh
Keyword(s):  
Central Area ◽  
Dead Sea ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
The South ◽  
General Validity ◽  
Dead Sea Basin ◽  
South Central ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Lisan Formation

AbstractThe Dead Sea is surrounded by chemical and detrital sediments that were deposited in its larger precursor lakes, Lake Samra and Lake Lisan. The sedimentary history of these lakes was recon-structed by means of 230Th/234U ages of 30 samples, mostly of argonite laminae, from 8 columnar sections up to 110 km apart. The general validity of the ages was demonstrated by subjecting them to tests of internal isotopic consistency, agreement with stratigraphic order, and concordance with 14C ages. In the south, only the part of the Samra Formation older than 170,000 yr is exposed, while the aragonite-detritus rhythmites found in the central and northern region are generally younger than 120,000 yr. The Lisan Formation started accumulating about 63,000 yr B.P., with the clay and aragonite beds in the south-central area reflecting a rise in water level to at least −280 m. The upper part of the Lisan Formation, the aragonite-rich White Cliff Member, started accumulating about 36,000 yr B.P. The lake probably reached its highest level sometime after this, based on the ages of Lisan sediments preserved in the southernmost reaches of the basin.

scholarly journals THE WIND GOD AND THE DESCENT OF THE TZITZIMITL: NEW INSIGHTS ON THE ICONOGRAPHY AND PROVENANCE OF THE MOSAIC-ENCRUSTED BIRD HEAD AT THE FRIEDENSTEIN PALACE, GOTHA, GERMANY

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Davide Domenici ◽  
Élodie Dupey García
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Precious Stone ◽  
South Central ◽  
Late Postclassic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Collection History

Abstract The Friedenstein Palace in Gotha, Germany, holds a Late Postclassic Mesoamerican bird head sculpture made of wood encrusted with precious stone and shell mosaic. Although known since the nineteenth century, scholars have not given the artifact the attention it deserves. Based on observations made during a thorough in situ inspection, we provide a detailed description of the object, stressing both technological and aesthetic aspects, documented through new photos and reconstructive drawings prepared by Nicolas Latsanopoulos. Then, we offer an interpretation of the artifact's iconography, demonstrating it should be understood as a representation of the Wind God in its manifestation as a Tzitzimitl, a category of deities associated with creation and destruction; an aspect made evident in the small figure adorning the avian forehead. We finally reconstruct the collection history of the object, suggesting that the Giustiniani family, a prominent Roman noble family renowned for its collecting activities, once owned the sculpture; in turn, this proposal might imply that the Dominican friar Domingo de Betanzos brought the mosaic to Italy in 1532 and that it might be originally from the Puebla-Tlaxcala Valley or, more broadly, from the south-central area of the modern state of Puebla.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence Meets Marine Ecotoxicology: Applying Deep Learning to Bio-Optical Data from Marine Diatoms Exposed to Legacy and Emerging Contaminants

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 932
Author(s):  
Nuno M. Rodrigues ◽  
João E. Batista ◽  
Pedro Mariano ◽  
Vanessa Fonseca ◽  
Bernardo Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Emerging Contaminants ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Large Datasets ◽  
Marine Diatom ◽  
Optical Data ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Marine Diatoms ◽  
Wide Range

Over recent decades, the world has experienced the adverse consequences of uncontrolled development of multiple human activities. In recent years, the total production of chemicals has been composed of environmentally harmful compounds, the majority of which have significant environmental impacts. These emerging contaminants (ECs) include a wide range of man-made chemicals (such as pesticides, cosmetics, personal and household care products, pharmaceuticals), which are of worldwide use. Among these, several ECs raised concerns regarding their ecotoxicological effects and how to assess them efficiently. This is of particular interest if marine diatoms are considered as potential target species, due to their widespread distribution, being the most abundant phytoplankton group in the oceans, and also being responsible for key ecological roles. Bio-optical ecotoxicity methods appear as reliable, fast, and high-throughput screening (HTS) techniques, providing large datasets with biological relevance on the mode of action of these ECs in phototrophic organisms, such as diatoms. However, from the large datasets produced, only a small amount of data are normally extracted for physiological evaluation, leaving out a large amount of information on the ECs exposure. In the present paper, we use all the available information and evaluate the application of several machine learning and deep learning algorithms to predict the exposure of model organisms to different ECs under different doses, using a model marine diatom (Phaeodactylum tricornutum) as a test organism. The results show that 2D convolutional neural networks are the best method to predict the type of EC to which the cultures were exposed, achieving a median accuracy of 97.65%, while Rocket is the best at predicting which concentration the cultures were subjected to, achieving a median accuracy of 100%.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document