scholarly journals Virtual mapping and analytical data integration: a teaching module using Precambrian crystalline basement in Colorado's Front Range (USA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-435
Author(s):  
Kevin H. Mahan ◽  
Michael G. Frothingham ◽  
Ellen Alexander

Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic hindered the ability to conduct field geology courses in a hands-on and boots-on traditional manner. In response, we designed a multi-part virtual field module that encompasses many of the basic requirements of an advanced field exercise, including designing a mapping strategy, collecting and processing field observations, synthesizing data from field-based and laboratory analyses, and communicating the results to a broad audience. For the mapping exercise, which is set in deformed Proterozoic crystalline basement exposed in the Front Range of Colorado (USA), student groups make daily navigational decisions and choose stations based on topographic maps, Google Earth satellite imagery, and iterative geological reasoning. For each station, students receive outcrop descriptions, measurements, and photographs from which they input field data and create geologic maps using StraboSpot. Building on the mapping exercise, student groups then choose from six supplements, including advanced field structure, microstructure, metamorphic petrology, and several geochronological datasets. Because scientific projects rarely end when the mapping is complete, the students are challenged to see how samples and analytical data may commonly be collected and integrated with field observations to produce a more holistic understanding of the geological history of the field area. While a virtual course cannot replace the actual field experience, modules like the one shared here can successfully address, or even improve on, some of the key learning objectives that are common to field-based capstone experiences while also fostering a more accessible and inclusive learning environment for all students.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Halija Halija ◽  
Jufri Karim ◽  
Sawaludin Sawaludin

Abstrak: Penataan ruang kawasan pesisir harus dipandang sebagai upaya dalam peningkatan kualitas kawasan fisik dan kesejahteraan masyarakat.Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu tidak berfungsinya drainase secara optimal belum terdapatnya sarana mandi, cuci, kakus (MCK) dan kondisi faktor fisik rumah yang masih berstruktur kayu dan semi permanan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, yaitu: (1) menganalisis kondisi fisik permukiman kawasan pesisir; (2) menganalisis kualitas permukiman kawasan pesisir dan merumuskan strategi pemecahan masalah permukiman kawasan pesisir Kecamatan Marobo Kabupaten Muna. Metode penelitian ini, yaitu: (1) kondisi fisik permukiman diketahui dengan melakukan interpertasi citra satelit Google Earth:(2)kualitas permukimandiketahui denganpendekatan keruangan dengan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografi pada aplikasi ArcGIS dengan melakukan teknik analisis scoring. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1)nilai kelayakan bangunan rumah hunian Desa Marobo, yaitu 70% dengan luas lantai >7,2, skor  5 bisa di kategorikan cukup luas, kemudian kelurahan Paroha 50 %, dengan luas lantai >7,2 skor  3,  Kelurahan Wadolau nilai kelayakan bangunan rumah hunian, yaitu 30% dengan luas lantai >7,2 skor  2  dan terakhir Kelurahan Tapi-Tapi nilai kelayakan bangunan rumah hunian, yaitu <10% dengan luas lantai>7,2 skor  1, sehingga bisa di kategorikan cukup kecil/sempit; (2) permukiman penduduk di Pesisir Desa Tapi-Tapi, Desa Wadolau, dan Desa Marobo didominasi oleh rumah nelayan, dengan luas pekarangan dan luas rumah tinggal cukup kecil/sempit.  Kondisi fisik rumah tinggal penduduk di Kecamatan Marobo termasuk kategori semipermanen yang tercermin dari jenis bahan dinding rumah yang mayoritas terbuat dari  papan kayu berkualitas sedang.Kata kunci: kondisi fisik, kualitas permukiman, kawasan pesisirAbstract: Coastal spatial planning must be seen as an effort to improve the quality of physical areas and the welfare of the community. The problem in this study are the drainage does not function optimally, among others there are no facilities for bathing, washing, latrines and the physical condition of the house which is still structured in wood and semi-permanent. The purpose of this study are: (1) to analyze the physical condition of the coastal area settlement in Marobo District Muna Regency; (2) to analyze the quality of coastal area settlements and formulate strategies for solving the problem of coastal area settlements in Marobo District Muna Regency. The research methods are: (1) the physical condition of the settlement is known by interpreting Google Earth satellite imagery; (2) settlement quality is known by spatial approach using Geographic Information Systems with ArcGIS by conducting a scoring analysis technique. The results of this study are: (1)the feasibility value of Marobo Village residential building is 70% with a floor area >7,2 score 5 can be categorized quite broadly, Paroha Village 50%, with a floor area >7,2 score 3 Wadolau Village the feasibility value of residential building is 30% with a floor area >7,2, score 2 and lastly the Tapi-Tapi Village feasibility value of residential buildings is <10% with a floor area >7,2 score 1 so that it can be categorized quite small/narrow; (2) the residential settlements in the Tapi-Tapi Village, Wadolau Village and Marobo Village are dominated by fishermen's houses, with a large yard area and a small/narrow residential area. The physical condition of resident houses in Marobo District belongs to the semi-permanent category, which is reflected in the type of wall material of the house which is mostly made of medium quality wood plasterKeywords: physical condition, quality of settlements, coastal area


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1492
Author(s):  
Sarah J. Biddiscombe ◽  
Elliott A. Smith ◽  
Lucy A. Hawkes

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that sea levels will rise by up to 0.82 m in the next 100 years. In natural systems, coastlines would migrate landwards, but because most of the world’s human population occupies the coast, anthropogenic structures (such as sea walls or buildings) have been constructed to defend the shore and prevent loss of property. This can result in a net reduction in beach area, a phenomenon known as “coastal squeeze”, which will reduce beach availability for species such as marine turtles. As of yet, no global assessment of potential future coastal squeeze risk at marine turtle nesting beaches has been conducted. We used Google Earth satellite imagery to enumerate the proportion of beaches over the global nesting range of marine turtles that are backed by hard anthropogenic coastal development (HACD). Mediterranean and North American nesting beaches had the most HACD, while the Australian and African beaches had the least. Loggerhead and Kemp’s ridley turtle nesting beaches had the most HACD, and flatback and green turtles the least. Future management approaches should prioritise the conservation of beaches with low HACD to mitigate future coastal squeeze.


2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDRE SCHENKER ◽  
FABIAN CAHENZLI ◽  
KARL G. GUTBROD ◽  
MICHEL THEVENOT ◽  
ANDREAS ERHARDT

SummaryThe Northern Bald Ibis (NBI) Geronticus eremita, is an ‘Endangered’ bird species of which only very few wild breeding colonies have survived along the Atlantic coast of south-west Morocco. This paper analyses ecological conditions of the 72 breeding sites of the NBI that have been known since 1900 in Morocco. Characterisation of breeding sites is based on physical criteria (elevation above sea level, geomorphology, mean annual precipitation and types of landscape) as well as land use, vegetation cover, infrastructure and types of settlement within three perimeters (0–1 km, > 1–5 km and > 5–10(20) km) using Google Earth satellite images. Statistical analyses of the number of breeding pairs, fledglings and rainfall during different quarters of the year from 1994 to 2016 in the two remaining breeding sites in Souss-Massa National Park and Tamri showed expected patterns as well as unexpected differences between the two localities. Based on our findings and indications in the literature, we suggest general and specific recommendations for potential future translocation projects of the NBI. Based on the analysis of the 28 breeding colonies existing after 1977, two elements emerge as the most important prerequisites: a low level of disturbances at the breeding sites and adequate feeding areas at a reasonable distance of 5–15 km.


2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Kumar ◽  
Shishupal Singh ◽  
V.S. Arya

Landuse refers to the use of land by human beings while the land cover refers to the natural cover on land. Landuse and land cover mapping is important for better developmental planning purpose. In the present time remote sensing satellite data, geographical information system (GIS) and global positioning system (GPS) are widely used in mapping of land use and land cover. In the present study landuse and land cover change analysis of southeastern part of Panchkula city have been done using Google Earth satellite data of 2002 and 2018. Satellite data downloaded from Google Earth and geo-referenced in ArcGIS 10.4 software. Landuse and landcover classes had been interpreted and field visit was done at selected location to check the interpreted data. Final maps were prepared and area of landuse and land cover classes were calculated. The study shows that during the year 2002 to 2018 built-up land area increased 95.01Hect, agriculture land area increased 1.24Hect., river course area decreased 20.35 Hect., vacant land area decreased 119.43Hect., park area increased 14.64 Hect., open scrub area decreased 7.82 Hect., road area increased 7.21 Hect.,water body area increased 0.02 Hect. and forest area increased 30.48 Hect. The study can be used for monitoring land use and land cover for planning purpose in the study area.


The article presents the results of the study of horizontal riverbed deformations of the Sukil river in the area from the town of Bolekhiv to its confluence with the Svicha river during 1880–2019. The studied section of the riverbed is located within the Precarpathian height and is marked by significant dynamics of the riverbed, which is mainly due to frequent floods, including catastrophic ones. The analysis of long-term horizontal riverbed deformations of the Sukil river and identification of the main factors of their manifestation were carried out in three stages. The first stage involved an assessment of the riverbed displacement over a long-term period of tens of years and was performed based on topographic maps of 1880, 1929-1939, and 1990. The second stage focused on the analysis of the riverbed displacement during a short-term period of 5-7 years and was conducted on the basis of Google Earth satellite images of 2006, 2011, and 2017–2019. The third stage was dedicated to the verification of the obtained results by field research and to the identification of the main reasons for the development of horizontal riverbed deformations. The analysis of historical maps and satellite images was mainly conducted by cartographic methods using ArcGIS 10.1. The riverbed of the Sukil river has significant differences in the development of horizontal deformations on the section of Bolekhiv – the village of Podorozhnie (the mouth of the river). According to the type of manifestation and scale of the riverbed deformations development, two sections (hereinafter dynamic sections) with significant horizontal deformations have been identified: the first one – from Bolekhiv to the village of Lysovychi; the second one – from the village of Lysovychi to the village of Podorozhnie (the Sukil mouth). On dynamic section 1, the horizontal deformations are differently manifested depending on the type of the riverbed. The maximum displacements which were found on the meandering sections are approximately 340 m. They were recorded during the period of 1880–1939. On the sections with a “transitional” type of riverbeds (in the late 19th-early 20th century they were braided, and now they are single channel), the deformations are small (up to 60 m) and are manifested mainly within the boundaries of the riverbed. On dynamic section 2, the Sukil riverbed is meandering and the deformations are much larger. The maximum riverbed displacements reach approximately 500 m (during the period of 1880–1939). For dynamic section 2 as well as for the whole section of the Sukil riverbed from Bolekhiv to the mouth, a certain tendency of the riverbed changes on the plan has been revealed. Thus, from 1889 to 1990 we observe a decrease in the meandering of the riverbed caused by anthropogenic influence, in particular, by the straightening of the riverbed in the 70-80s of the last century and by change in the position of the mouth; since 1990, a natural increase in the Sukil riverbed’s meandering has been observed. Key words: horizontal deformations; riverbed types; Sukil; meandering; historical maps; remote sensing.


Facilities ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (5/6) ◽  
pp. 350-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kin Wai Michael Siu ◽  
Jia Xin Xiao

Purpose This paper aims to address convenience as a prominent feature of a scheduled society and examines the nature of convenience, identifies the waste collection system and recycling programmes in some densely populated areas in Asia and discusses the existing barriers to enhancing the convenience of the recycling facilities in Hong Kong. The paper further identifies some recommendations for the policy and design of recycling practices and facilities. Design/methodology/approach In this qualitative study, two districts in Hong Kong from 2013 to 2014 were used as case studies. The research methods included field observations, semi-structured interviews and ethnographic research. The locations for field observation included lobbies, corridors, lifts, ground floors and streets. Direct interviews were conducted with residents, cleaners, government officials and expert planners and environmentalists. In-depth interviews and observations were conducted with six families following the interviews to identify important issues that might have been ignored in the semi-structured interviews and field observations. Findings A holistic understanding of convenience in a scheduled society is effective in the design of high-quality recycling facilities. In terms of convenience, the gap between recycling and not recycling is rather obvious in Hong Kong. Therefore, it is necessary and important to adjust the difference in the degree of convenience regarding refuse disposal and recyclable collection. In addition, the enhancement of economic incentives could shift the degree of convenience and encourage public participation in recycling. The challenges of specific living conditions and social contexts should also be taken into account to enhance the convenience of recycling. Research limitations/implications Further case studies are expected in other countries and cities with the purpose of gaining an in-depth understanding of the means by which to approach the convenience of recycling programmes within various social contexts. Comprehensive and continuous studies on these factors are recommended throughout the design and implementation processes to account for constantly changing situations. A clear understanding of convenience from the perspective of the users is important. Practical implications The findings provide reference and direction for a holistic approach to the design and management of recycling facilities in Hong Kong. The findings also advocate the consideration of convenience from the perspective of the users. Social implications The findings illustrate how to design and manage public facilities for waste recycling in ways that encourage household and community participation in terms of convenience. Originality/value The paper identifies the manner by which the culture of convenience and an institutionalised rhythm influence recycling practices. Although substantial studies on recycling indicate that convenience is a necessary characteristic of designs and services, the nature of convenience and the means by which to approach convenience in terms of public facilities are seldom discussed. The paper proposes several recommendations on the basis of the studies of the refuse collection programmes in other areas of Asia and case studies in Hong Kong. The findings provide insights for policymakers, researchers and designers to improve the design of public facilities.


2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianhong Guo ◽  
Peng Gong ◽  
Lu Liang

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