scholarly journals A socio-hydrologic framework for understanding conflict and cooperation in transboundary rivers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongping Wei ◽  
Jing Wei ◽  
Gen Li ◽  
Shuanglei Wu ◽  
David Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
River Management ◽  
Development Projects ◽  
Transboundary Rivers ◽  
Transboundary River ◽  
Conflict And Cooperation ◽  
Hydrologic Variability ◽  
Hydrological Changes ◽  
Multidisciplinary Perspective

Abstract. Increasing hydrologic variability, accelerating population growth, and resurgence of water resources development projects have all indicated increasing tensions among the riparian countries of transboundary rivers. This article aims to review the existing knowledge on conflict and cooperation in transboundary rivers from a multidisciplinary perspective and propose a socio-hydrological framework that integrates the slow and less visible societal processes with existing hydrological-economic models, revealing the hidden feedbacks between changes in societal processes and hydrological changes. This framework contributes to understanding the mechanism that drives conflict and cooperation in transboundary river management.

Socio-hydrological approach to understand conflict and cooperation dynamics in transboundary rivers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jing wei ◽  
Mohammad Ghoreishi ◽  
Felipe Souza ◽  
You Lu ◽  
Fuqiang Tian
Keyword(s):  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
River Basins ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Transboundary Rivers ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Transboundary River ◽  
Conflict And Cooperation ◽  
Transboundary River Basins ◽  
Transboundary Watersheds

<p>Transboundary river basins share a complex network of environmental, economic, political, social and security interdependencies. Consequently, transboundary river systems are characterized by evolving conflict and cooperation dynamics between riparian states. The current literature on transboundary watersheds does not identify the key feedback loops between interconnected political, cultural, institutional and socioeconomic factors. This work compares sociohydrological models of three transboundary rivers (Nile River, Columbia River, and Lancang-Mekong River) with distinct characteristics in terms of hydrological processes and socioeconomic conditions. Conflict/cooperation dynamics within these three models were found to be driven by hydrological regime, economic benefits, power imbalance and institutional capacity. By comparing the contextual factors of the emergent conflict/cooperation dynamics across these three river basins, our synthesis study aims to present a general framework that explains how conflict/cooperation dynamics emerge from the interaction between human and hydrological systems.</p>

scholarly journals Freshwater resources under success and failure of the Paris climate agreement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Heinke ◽  
Christoph Müller ◽  
Mats Lannerstad ◽  
Dieter Gerten ◽  
Wolfgang Lucht
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Climate Mitigation ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Hydrological Change ◽  
Hydrological Changes

Abstract. Population growth will in many regions increase the pressure on water resources and likely increase the number of people affected by water scarcity. In parallel, global warming causes hydrological changes which regionally also impact human water supply. This study estimates the increase in pressure on global water resources due to population growth and adverse hydrological effects at different levels of global mean temperature rise above pre-industrial level (∆Tglob), including reduced mean water availability, growing prevalence of hydrological droughts, and increased frequency of flooding hazards. The study analyses the results in the context of success and failure of implementing the Paris Agreement, and evaluates how climate mitigation can reduce the future number of people affected by severe hydrological change, assessed for the population as a whole, as well as for vulnerable population groups already projected to experience water scarcity in the absence of climate change. The results show that without climate mitigation efforts, in 2100 more than 5.1 billion people in the SSP2 population scenario would more likely than not be affected by severe hydrological change, and about 1.9 billion of them would already be affected by water scarcity in the absence of climate change. Limiting warming to 2 °C or 1.5 °C by a successful implementation of the Paris Agreement would strongly limit the number of people affected by severe hydrological changes and water scarcity to 274 million or 104 million, respectively. At the regional scale, substantial water related risks remain at 2 °C, with more than 10 % of the population affected in Latin America and the Middle East and North Africa region. Constraining ∆Tglob to 1.5 °C would limit this share to about 5 % in these regions.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A HYBRID MODEL FOR THE EFFECTIVE DISTRIBUTION OF WATER RESOURCES BASED ON A PREDICTION MODEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 399-404
Author(s):  
A.G. Ospan ◽  
◽  
М.Е. Mansurova ◽  
Y.Kh. Kakimzhanov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Transboundary Rivers ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
Transboundary River ◽  
Transboundary River Basins ◽  
The World ◽  
Effective Models ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
Effective Distribution

The development of a model for the effective use of water resources is one of the priorities of Kazakhstan. About half of the Republic's surface water (44.9 cubic km) comes from the territory of neighboring countries. According to experts, the increasing water intake by neighboring countries and the deterioration of water quality in the country's rivers can lead to an environmental disaster. In this regard, the analysis and discussion of models for the efficient allocation of water resources in transboundary river basins, which are already successfully used in the world, will be an urgent solution. This article discusses effective models and ways to solve water resources problems in transboundary rivers that have already been applied to transboundary rivers, and based on these models, a hybrid model is built that can be applied to transboundary rivers of the country.

scholarly journals Adaptation of water resource systems to an uncertain future

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1869-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L. Walsh ◽  
Stephen Blenkinsop ◽  
Hayley J. Fowler ◽  
Aidan Burton ◽  
Richard J. Dawson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Resource Planning ◽  
Integrated Modelling ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Median Frequency ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Adaptation Options

Abstract. Globally, water resources management faces significant challenges from changing climate and growing populations. At local scales, the information provided by climate models is insufficient to support the water sector in making future adaptation decisions. Furthermore, projections of change in local water resources are wrought with uncertainties surrounding natural variability, future greenhouse gas emissions, model structure, population growth, and water consumption habits. To analyse the magnitude of these uncertainties, and their implications for local-scale water resource planning, we present a top-down approach for testing climate change adaptation options using probabilistic climate scenarios and demand projections. An integrated modelling framework is developed which implements a new, gridded spatial weather generator, coupled with a rainfall-runoff model and water resource management simulation model. We use this to provide projections of the number of days and associated uncertainty that will require implementation of demand saving measures such as hose pipe bans and drought orders. Results, which are demonstrated for the Thames Basin, UK, indicate existing water supplies are sensitive to a changing climate and an increasing population, and that the frequency of severe demand saving measures are projected to increase. Considering both climate projections and population growth, the median number of drought order occurrences may increase 5-fold by the 2050s. The effectiveness of a range of demand management and supply options have been tested and shown to provide significant benefits in terms of reducing the number of demand saving days. A decrease in per capita demand of 3.75 % reduces the median frequency of drought order measures by 50 % by the 2020s. We found that increased supply arising from various adaptation options may compensate for increasingly variable flows; however, without reductions in overall demand for water resources such options will be insufficient on their own to adapt to uncertainties in the projected changes in climate and population. For example, a 30 % reduction in overall demand by 2050 has a greater impact on reducing the frequency of drought orders than any of the individual or combinations of supply options; hence, a portfolio of measures is required.

scholarly journals Review of hydro-economic models (HEMs) which focus on transboundary river water sharing disputes

Water Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Hossen ◽  
J. Connor ◽  
F. Ahammed
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Transboundary Rivers ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
International Rivers ◽  
Water Sharing ◽  
Transboundary River ◽  
Monetary Compensation ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Hydro-economic models (HEMs) are powerful tools to analyze water scarcity, drought, and water management problems. Though several HEMs reviews have been conducted in the recent past, none of them focused on the management of transboundary river water disputes, benefit sharing, or trade-offs. Therefore, this review explored how HEMs can suggest mitigating water sharing disputes on transboundary rivers. Though more than 300 HEMs have been developed worldwide, very few focused on transboundary river water disputes. After vigorous screening at Google Scholar, only 25 articles were found which focused on transboundary river water disputes. Most HEMs that were reviewed proposed to share benefits such as sharing hydropower produced from the river, reallocating water from low-value agriculture to high-value agriculture or managed operation of the dam, or other monetary compensation. But no study assessed non-water sector benefit sharing such as trade or transit. Most HEMs focused on irrigation and hydropower which are benefits from the river and very few studies focused on fisheries, environment, and wetland which are benefits to the river. International rivers can act as a catalyst among the riparian countries and promote cooperation in trade, commerce, exchange of technologies, and other fields. HEMs can play an important role in this regard. It is to be mentioned that HEMs cannot resolve water conflicts in a shared basin, they only can propose for the options of solution.

The Water-Waste Nexus

2022 ◽  
pp. 368-387
Author(s):  
Trust Nhubu ◽  
Edison Muzenda ◽  
Mohamed Belaid
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Human Health Impacts ◽  
Potable Water Supply ◽  
Water Waste

The management of water resources and waste is amongst the major challenges facing the majority of urban environments within developing nations due to the rapid population growth and urbanisation as well as improved lifestyles. The Greater Harare Metropolitan Province is not spared by these management challenges. This chapter proposes a number of scenarios that could be implemented in the short to medium terms to address these challenges within the GHMP from a water-waste nexus approach. The water-waste nexus approach is anticipated to significantly reduce the human health impacts and environmental impacts, specifically the water resources pollution which is responsible for the increase in cost of potable water production subsequently resulting in intermittent potable water supply in the GHMP. The study regards the recovery of energy from the waste generated in the GHMP as an integral component of the approach with the energy recovered used for water, wastewater, and waste treatment.

scholarly journals Monitoring River Basin Development and Variation in Water Resources in Transboundary Imjin River in North and South Korea Using Remote Sensing

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghwan Kim ◽  
Hyongki Lee ◽  
Hahn Chul Jung ◽  
Euiho Hwang ◽  
Faisal Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
South Korea ◽  
River Basin ◽  
North Korea ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Transboundary Rivers ◽  
Water Release ◽  
Basin Development ◽  
River Basin Development ◽  
North And South

This paper presents methods of monitoring river basin development and water variability for the transboundary river in North and South Korea. River basin development, such as dams and water infrastructure in transboundary rivers, can be a potential factor of tensions between upstream and downstream countries since dams constructed upstream can adversely affect downstream riparians. However, because most of the information related to North Korea has been limited to the public, the information about dams constructed and their locations were inaccurate in many previous studies. In addition, water resources in transboundary rivers can be exploited as a political tool. Specifically, due to the unexpected water release from the Hwanggang Dam, upstream of the transboundary Imjin River in North and South Korea, six South Koreans died on 6 September 2009. The Imjin River can be used as a political tool by North Korea, and seven events were reported as water conflicts in the Imjin River from 2001 to 2016. In this paper, firstly, we have updated the information about the dams constructed over the Imjin River in North Korea using multi-temporal images with a high spatial resolution (15–30 cm) obtained from Google Earth. Secondly, we analyzed inter- and intra-water variability over the Hwanggang Reservoir using open-source images obtained from the Global Surface Water Explorer. We found a considerable change in water surface variability before and after 2008, which might result from the construction of the Hwanggang Dam. Thirdly, in order to further investigate intra-annual water variability, we present a method monitoring water storage changes of the Hwanggang Reservoir using the area-elevation curve (AEC), which was derived from multi-sensor Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images (Sentinel-1A and -1B) and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Since many previous studies for estimating water storage change have depended on satellite altimetry dataset and optical images for deriving AEC, the method adopted in this study is the only application for such inaccessible areas since no altimetry ground track exists for the Hwanggang Reservoir and because clouds can block the study area for wet seasons. Moreover, this study has newly proven that unexpected water release can occur in dry seasons because the water storage in the Hwanggang Reservoir can be high enough to conduct a release that can be used as a geopolitical tool. Using our method, potential risks can be mitigated, not in response to a water release, but based on pre-event water storage changes in the Hwanggang Reservoir.

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