scholarly journals Riparian forestry management and adult stream insects

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Briers ◽  
J. H. R. Gee
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Riparian Management ◽  
Stream Insects ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Forestry Management ◽  
Coniferous Plantation

Abstract. The impacts of coniferous plantation forestry on the biology of upland streams in the UK are firmly established. Whilst benthic communities have been well studied, very little research has considered the impacts of riparian forestry management on adult stream insects, yet the essentially terrestrial adult (reproductive) phase may be important in determining the abundance and distribution of larval stages. Riparian vegetation has a potentially strong impact on survival and success of adult stages through alteration of microclimate, habitat structure and potential food sources, in addition to effects carried over from larval stages. Here, current riparian management strategies are analysed in the light of available information on the ecology of adult stream insects. On the whole, management practices appear to favour adult stream insects, although an increase in tree cover in riparian areas could be beneficial, by providing more favourable microclimatic conditions for adults. This conclusion is drawn based on rather limited information, and the need for further research into the effects of riparian forestry management on adult stream insects is highlighted. Keywords: microclimate, plantation, life history, riparian vegetation

scholarly journals Pollination Potential in Portugal: Leveraging an Ecosystem Service for Sustainable Agricultural Productivity

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 431
Author(s):  
Caroline Wentling ◽  
Felipe S. Campos ◽  
João David ◽  
Pedro Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Pollination Services ◽  
Pollinator Abundance ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Administrative Boundary

As urbanization and agriculture increase worldwide, habitats and food sources for wild pollinators are often fragmented or destroyed. As wild pollinators contribute both resilience and variety to agricultural fields, it is desirable to implement land management practices that preserve their well-being and ability to contribute to food production systems. This study evaluates continental Portugal for its change in suitability to host bee’s pollinator species (Apis mellifera) from 1990 to 2018. It uses the InVEST crop pollination modeling tool and CORINE Land Cover, as well as parameterization to produce pollinator abundance and supply maps. These are generalized to municipality boundaries to provide actionable insights to farmers and policymakers and strengthen land management practices. It finds that the potential for pollination services is growing, with averages of both pollinator abundance and supply indices improving by 8.76% across the continental territory in 28 years. The study results are validated using another pollination index derived from a study that is based on expert opinion and field sampling in a sub-region of Portugal. This method of aggregation of model results and comparison of the percent difference by administrative boundary has the potential to better inform both policymakers and farmers about the pollination potential on a local level, as well as inspire interventions for future productivity.

scholarly journals Productivity of harvesting and clearing of brushwood alongside forest roads

Silva Fennica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juha Laitila ◽  
Kari Väätäinen
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Average Volume ◽  
Time Consumption ◽  
Roadside Vegetation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Stump Diameter

Expertise in the cost-efficient utilization and treatment of brushwood on forest roadside sites is limited. In the present study, the productivity of brushwood clearing and harvesting on forest roadside sites was defined by creating time-consumption models or parameters for the aforementioned working methods. Compiled time consumption models and parameters for the brushwood clearing and harvesting can be used as a basis for evaluating alternative management practices and to determine when brushwood biomass should be harvested and when it should be left to decay. The harvesting of brushwood was based on the harwarder system and the clearing of brushwood was done with a spiral cutter, which is a novel accessory for cutting roadside vegetation. Based on the study results, the average volume of harvested brushwood and forwarding distance are the key elements that have an effect on harvesting productivity with harwarders. Correspondingly, stump diameter has a strong impact on the clearing productivity of brushwood. The plot-wise productivity of the spiral cutter in brushwood clearings varied in the range of 0.19–0.61 ha per PMh. An increase in stump diameter slowed down the clearing productivity of the spiral cutter and there was a clear step downward in clearing productivity as the average diameter increased from 30 mm to 40 mm. The machinery under study operated well and there were no interruptions due to machine breakdowns.

scholarly journals Assessing Context-Specific Factors to Increase Tree Survival for Scaling Ecosystem Restoration Efforts in East Africa

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Christine Magaju ◽  
Leigh Ann Winowiecki ◽  
Mary Crossland ◽  
Aymen Frija ◽  
Hassen Ouerghemmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Context Specific

Increasing tree cover in agricultural lands can contribute to achieving global and national restoration goals, more so in the drylands where trees play a key role in enhancing both ecosystem and livelihood resilience of the communities that depend on them. Despite this, drylands are characterized by low tree survival especially for tree species preferred by local communities. We conducted a study in arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya and Ethiopia with 1773 households to assess how different tree planting and management practices influence seedling survival. Using on-farm planned comparisons, farmers experimented and compared tree survival under different planting and management practices as well as under varying socioeconomic and biophysical contexts in the two countries. Seedling survival was monitored at least six months after planting. Results show that watering, manure application, seedling protection by fencing and planting in a small hole (30 cm diameter and 45 cm depth) had a significant effect on tree seedling survival in Kenya, while in Ethiopia, mulching, watering and planting niche were significant to tree survival. Household socioeconomics and farms’ biophysical characteristics such as farm size, education level of the household head, land tenure, age of the household head had significant effects on seedling survival in both Ethiopia and Kenya while presence of soil erosion on the farm had a significant effect in Kenya. Soil quality ranking was positively correlated with tree survival in Ethiopia, regardless of species assessed. Current findings have confirmed effects of context specific variables some involving intrahousehold socioeconomic status such education level of the household head, and farm size that influence survival.

scholarly journals Food sources, behaviour, and distribution of hydrothermal vent shrimps at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Gebruk ◽  
E.C. Southward ◽  
H. Kennedy ◽  
A.J. Southward
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Vents ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Rimicaris Exoculata ◽  
Tube Worms ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Mid Atlantic Ridge ◽  
Menez Gwen ◽  
Juvenile Shrimp ◽  
Supporting Structures

Five species of bresilioid shrimp were investigated at seven hydrothermal sites on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Menez Gwen, Lucky Strike, Rainbow, Broken Spur, TAG, Snake Pit and Logatchev. Samples were prepared for analysis of stable isotopes, elemental composition and lipids. Shrimp behaviour was observed from the submersible ‘Alvin’ and in the laboratory aboard RV ‘Atlantis’. The distribution and zonation of the shrimp species was recorded. Juvenile shrimp of all species arrive at the vents carrying reserves of photosynthetic origin, built-up in the pelagic larval stages. These reserves are used while the shrimp metamorphose to the adult form and, in Rimicaris exoculata and Chorocaris chacei, while they develop epibiotic bacteria supporting structures, the modified mouthparts and the inside of the carapace. The main food of adult R. exoculata is filamentous bacteria that grow on these structures. The intermediate sizes of C. chacei also feed on such bacteria, but the final stage gets some food by scavenging or predation. Mirocaris species scavenge diverse sources; they are not trophically dependent on either R. exoculata or mussels. Adults of Alvinocaris markensis are predators of other vent animals, including R. exoculata. The dense swarms of R. exoculata, with their exosymbionts, can be compared to endosymbiont-containing animals such as Bathymodiolus and the vestimentiferan tube-worms of the Pacific vents. Such associations, whether endo- or ectosymbiotic, may be necessary for the development of flourishing communities at hydrothermal vents.

scholarly journals Ekonomická doba obmýtní / Economic rotation period

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Karel Pulkrab ◽  
Miroslav Sloup ◽  
Roman Sloup
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Site Quality ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
National Agency ◽  
Rotation Periods ◽  
Forestry Management ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The article presents selected results of the project of the Czech National Agency for Agricultural Research, “Differentiation of intensities and management practices in relation to forest biodiversity and economic sustainability of forestry” executed at the Department of Forest Economy and Forestry Management, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Agriculture in Prague. The results included the quantification of forest rotation periods derived from total mean increment, total mean value increment, and annual gross profit of forest production. Significant differences between the rotation period currently recommended and the rotation period relevant to economic optimum (maximum) were observed. The better the forest site (site quality class), the bigger is the difference

Bird communities and vegetation associations across a treeline ecotone in the Mealy Mountains, Labrador, which is an understudied part of the boreal forest

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 477-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith P. Lewis ◽  
Brian M. Starzomski
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Bird Communities ◽  
Tree Cover ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Avian Diversity ◽  
Bird Abundance ◽  
Treeline Ecotone ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Deciduous Shrub

We examined the factors structuring bird communities across a complex subarctic treeline in the Mealy Mountains, Labrador, Canada. Using point counts of bird abundance in 2007 and 2008, we show that changes in vegetation driven by elevation are strongly correlated with avian community structure in this treeline ecotone system. Overall, avian diversity was higher in the forest compared with other habitat classes (krummholz, deciduous shrub, and alpine). There were strong correlations between avian diversity and vegetation richness, as well as structure, among and within habitat class in 2008. Numerous habitat types (subset of habitat class) were correlated with avian composition, although some species were clearly habitat generalists. Contrary to expectation, avian species composition was associated with physiognomy (vegetation structure) in alpine and deciduous shrub, and with either physiognomy or floristics (vegetation species composition) in krummholz and forest. Given the strong impact of elevation on vegetation and the demonstrated influence on bird communities, we note that for bird species whose near-southernmost populations are found in the Mealy Mountains, climate change is likely to have a strong negative effect if alpine tundra habitat is lost. Furthermore, forest bird species are likely to benefit from the increased tree cover as treeline moves poleward and upward.

scholarly journals Pollution from non-oil sources in the river Nun downstream of Yenegoa Town, South-South Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeanyichukwu Clinton Ezekwe ◽  
Ngozi Nma Odu ◽  
Ayibatonye Gasa
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Oil And Grease ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
Waste Management Practices ◽  
Downstream Communities ◽  
The Impact

Levels of heavy metals (mercury, chromium, lead, cadmium and iron) in the water snail (Pilaovata) in the river nun downstream of Yenegoa Town, south-south Nigeria and other parameters (temperature, ph,turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids TDS, oil and grease) in the water column was investigated in an attempt to understand the impact of urbanization and poor waste management practices on downstream communities in non-oil impacted communities in the Niger delta of Nigeria. While mercury was very minute, iron and chromium where within standards for food in the snail, lead (26-27.4 mg/l), cadmium (12.11--12.16 mg/l) and arsenic (6.92-8.41mg/l) concentrations where above the standards for food sources. Turbidity in the water column was above recommended levels for drinking water, aesthetics and aquatic health. The study concludes that the area may also have lost its capacity to support good fish production, and the water source has become a dangerous source of food and water to inhabitants due to hydrocarbon and heavy metal concentrations. Government intervention and environmental education is recommended.

scholarly journals Water Scarcity and Urban Forests: Science and Public Policy Lessons from a Decade of Drought in Adelaide, Australia

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Brindal ◽  
Randy Stringer
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Urban Forestry ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Urban Forests ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Forestry Management ◽  
Social Amenities ◽  
The City

Drawing on the experience of greater metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia, Australia, the paper points to the links and gaps between science and public policy. The paper explores urban stormwater management lessons emerging from a ten-year, prolonged dry period that impacted the integrity of urban forests in the City of Adelaide. Among the questions addressed: will stormwater remain, as its historic and institutional settings suggest, a liability or can it become an asset? Who owns stormwater resources and to whom is its management vested? The paper examines these issues with consideration to the dangers of continuing to use urban forestry management practices that are not informed by science. The study concludes that a more integrated approach to urban water management can maintain the integrity of urban forests in ways that potentially enhance social amenities and economic efficiency.

scholarly journals Farmers Status, Knowledge & Management Practices on Major Chickpea Insect Pests in Some Selected Zones of Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarekegn Fite ◽  
Tadele Tefera ◽  
Mulugeta Negeri ◽  
Mulugeta Negeri ◽  
Hirpa Legesse
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Production Constraints ◽  
Development Agents

Survey were undertaken in five zones of Oromiya and Amhara regional states, Ethiopia from February to March 2018 to investigate farmers’ status, knowledge, major chickpea production constraints and insect pest management practices of chickpea. The survey involved 293 randomly taken farmers, who are interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Chickpea insect pests were considered as the main, among production constraints of chickpea by most of the interviewed farmers in Ethiopia. The majority of the farmers’ responded that Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is the most prevalent insect pests of chickpea under field condition and Callosobruchus chinensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) in storage. Development Agents (DAs) were the top pest advisory service providers in the current study. A conventional insecticide (namely; Lambda-cyhalotrin and Dimethoate) for the control of H. armigera was the most commonly used pest management methods. Moreover, Two times insecticide applications per cropping season were the most frequent, deployed by most of the interviewed farmers followed by cultural pest management practices. Use of biological control and resistant chickpea varieties against major insect pests were low to negligible in the current survey study in the area. The majority of the farmers began control decision when H. armigera larval stages were smaller and they did not consider larval number per chickpea plant for the decision. These results will be used to formulate future effective and sustainable integrated pest management (IPM) in chickpea for Ethiopian farmers emphasizing ecologically and economically-based approaches.

scholarly journals A study of farmer attitudes towards riparian management practices

1998 ◽  
pp. 255-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.G. Parminter ◽  
I.S. Tarbotton ◽  
C. Kokich
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Riparian Management ◽  
Farmer Attitudes ◽  
Riparian Area ◽  
Conservation Farming

Transcripts from a survey of 60 farmers were analysed to identify the attitudes they held towards a range of riparian management practices, and the criteria they would use to select their most preferred practices. Most farmers had mixed attitudes towards managing the riparian area, combining aspects of "pressure farming"1, and "conservation farming"2. Pressure farming was considered to result in problems with erosion, sediment, boggy areas, and a lack of stock safety. Conservation farming was considered to be able to provide increased farming income and greater biodiversity. Farmers selected riparian management practices that they thought would reduce the problems caused by pressure farming, and obtain the benefits of conservation farming. But adoption of new technologies would take place only if the technologies were considered to be practical and not to increase management complexity. An understanding of farmers' perceptions about managing riparian areas can help policy agencies target educational interventions encouraging farmers to improve the sustainability of their resource use. Keywords: environment, extension, farmer attitudes, riparian areas, waterway management

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