scholarly journals Effect of Geospatial Uncertainty Borderization on Users’ Heuristic Reasoning

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Libertini ◽  
Ekaterina Chuprikova ◽  
Liqiu Meng
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Uncertain Data ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Background Color ◽  
User Survey ◽  
Heuristic Reasoning ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Subject

Abstract. A set of mental strategies called "heuristics" – logical shortcuts that we use to make decisions under uncertainty – has become the subject of a growing number of studies. However, the process of heuristic reasoning about uncertain geospatial data remains relatively under-researched. With this study, we explored the relation between heuristics-driven decision-making and the visualization of geospatial data in states of uncertainty, with a specific focus on the visualization of borders, here termed "borderization". Therefore, we tested a set of cartographic techniques to visualize the boundaries of two types of natural hazards across a series of maps through a user survey. Respondents were asked to assess the safety and desirability of several housing locations potentially affected by air pollution or avalanches. Maps in the survey varied by "borderization" method, background color and type of information about uncertain data (e.g., extrinsic vs. intrinsic). Survey results, analyzed using a mixed quantitative-qualitative approach, confirmed previous suggestions that heuristics play a significant role in affecting users' map experience, and subsequent decision-making.

scholarly journals GEOGRAFIA ESCOLAR NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: ANÁLISE DO CONTEXTO DA PRÁTICA DA POLÍTICA EDUCACIONAL PARA JOVENS E ADULTOS / SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY IN FUNDAMENTAL TEACHING: ANALYSIS OF THE CONTEXT OF THE PRACTICE OF EDUCATIONAL POLICY FOR YOUTH ANLD ADULTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 385
Author(s):  
Adriana Dal Molin ◽  
Liz Cristiane Dias ◽  
Jéssica Moara Da Cunha Tessmann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Policy Cycle ◽  
School Life ◽  
Theoretical Contribution ◽  
School Practice ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Do So

Esse artigo traz para discussão a Geografia Escolar no Ensino Fundamental a partir da análise do contexto da prática da política educacional para Jovens e Adultos. Nosso objetivo é ampliar o debate acerca do tema à luz da contribuição teórica de Stephen Ball sobre o ciclo de políticas educacionais. Para tanto, adotamos como metodologia a abordagem qualitativa com ênfase na observação. O cotidiano escolar é permeado por diferentes concepções de educação e os limites entre o texto legal de uma política e a prática escolar podem ser demarcados pela ação dos profissionais responsáveis pela educação em diferentes espaços e tempos. Por fim, evidenciamos certa distância entre o proposto pela macro política educacional e o contexto da prática no cotidiano da escola deixando em aberto a discussão e a tomada de decisões e ações para que a oferta da modalidade seja efetivamente uma oportunidade para aquelas pessoas que não tiveram acesso em idade regular ou precisaram abandonar a escola precocemente.Abstract:This article brings to the discussion the School Geography in Elementary School from the analysis of the context of the practice of the educational policy for Young people and Adults. Our aim is to broaden the debate on the subject in light of Stephen Ball's theoretical contribution to the educational policy cycle. To do so, we adopted as methodology the qualitative approach with emphasis on observation. The daily school life is permeated by different conceptions of education and the limits between the legal text of a policy and the school practice can be demarcated by the action of professionals responsible for education in different spaces and times. Finally, we show a certain distance between the proposed by the macro educational policy and the context of the practice in the daily school, leaving open discussion and decision making and actions so that the offer of the modality is effectively an opportunity for those who have not had access or had to leave school early.Keywords: Youth and Adult Education. Policy Cycle. Geography.

scholarly journals PROSES PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN MENJADI ISTERI KEDUA DALAM PERKAWINAN POLIGAMI PADA WANITA BERPENDIDIKAN TINGGI

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-243
Author(s):  
Irfan Fahmi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Retrieval ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Polygamous Marriage ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Providence Of God ◽  
Minimum Education

This study focused on the decision-making process became the second wife in a polygamous marriage by highly-educated women along with the factors that influence it. This study is a qualitative approach with subjects were 3 women aged 30-55 years old with minimum education level was undergraduate and serves as a second wife. From the interviews analysis, it concluded that the decision-making process undertaken by subjects were very diverse and complicated. All subjects through every stage of the decision making process vary depending on the obstacles and problems that they faced. The main factors that affect the subjects in the decision became the second wife is a factor of circumstances, in particular subjects who came from descended polygamy marriage and belief factor, that being the second wife is the providence of God that must be accepted. Suggestions for further research are expected to perform data retrieval from significant others who know the decision-making process taken by the subject

scholarly journals End-user survey results as contribution to energy performance assessment of precast panel housing stock

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-324
Author(s):  
Anna Ostańska
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Typical Feature ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
End User ◽  
User Survey ◽  
User Input ◽  
Survey Results

The paper presents an analysis of a survey among residents of a housing district in Lublin, Poland. The survey, conducted by means of a bespoke questionnaire, was aimed not only at collecting the end-user input on the effects of maintenance and retrofitting actions completed so far and preferences on future actions, but also to arouse interest in participating in the decision-making process related with improving energy performance of the housing stock. The investigations, being a part of a larger research project started in 2004, are focused on assessing the potential for improvement of the precast panel housing stock which is a typical feature of Poland’s building environment.

The Priority of Democracy

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Knight ◽  
James Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Federal Reserve ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
Institutional Choice ◽  
Democratic Process ◽  
Strong Case ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Pragmatism and its consequences are central issues in American politics today, yet scholars rarely examine in detail the relationship between pragmatism and politics. This book systematically explores the subject and makes a strong case for adopting a pragmatist approach to democratic politics—and for giving priority to democracy in the process of selecting and reforming political institutions. What is the primary value of democracy? When should we make decisions democratically and when should we rely on markets? And when should we accept the decisions of unelected officials, such as judges or bureaucrats? This book explores how a commitment to pragmatism should affect our answers to such important questions. It concludes that democracy is a good way of determining how these kinds of decisions should be made—even if what the democratic process determines is that not all decisions should be made democratically. So, for example, the democratically elected U.S. Congress may legitimately remove monetary policy from democratic decision-making by putting it under the control of the Federal Reserve. This book argues that pragmatism offers an original and compelling justification of democracy in terms of the unique contributions democratic institutions can make to processes of institutional choice. This focus highlights the important role that democracy plays, not in achieving consensus or commonality, but rather in addressing conflicts. Indeed, the book suggest that democratic politics is perhaps best seen less as a way of reaching consensus or agreement than as a way of structuring the terms of persistent disagreement.

TRABALHO DE ENFERMAGEM E PRECARIZAÇÃO: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Fuentes Pérez Júnior ◽  
Helena Maria Scherlowski Leal David
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Work Process ◽  
Nursing Knowledge ◽  
Physical And Psychological Health ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Health Nursing

Objetivos: identificar e discutir a produção do conhecimento da enfermagem sobre a influência da precarização no processo de trabalho e a saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem. Metodologia: estudo bibliográfico com abordagem qualitativa, de revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases BVS, portal de periódicos CAPES, PubMed e Science Direct, no período de 2010 a 2016 e submetidos a análise de conteúdo Resultados: identificou-se a baixa produção da literatura acerca do tema. Na análise qualitativa obteve-se as seguintes categorias: o processo de precarização do trabalho da enfermagem e repercussões da precarização ao processo de trabalho da enfermagem e a saúde do trabalhador. Conclusão: identificou-se a incipiência da produção da enfermagem sobre o tema. Como repercussão da precarização verificou-se o desgaste e sobrecarga de trabalho, assim como impactos negativos na saúde física e psíquica dos trabalhadores.Descritores: Enfermagem do Trabalho; Saúde do Trabalhador; Riscos Ocupacionais.NURSING WORK AND PRECARIOUSNESS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW.Objectives: to identify and discuss the production of nursing knowledge about the influence of precariousness in the work process and the health of the nursing worker. Methodology: a bibliographical study with qualitative approach, of an integrative review of the literature, carried out in the VHL databases, CAPES journal, PubMed and Science Direct, from 2010 to 2016 and submitted to content analysis. Results: low production of Literature on the subject. In the qualitative analysis, the following categories were obtained: the process of precariousness of nursing work and repercussions of the precariousness to the nursing work process and the health of the worker. Conclusion: the incipience of nursing production on the theme was identified. As a consequence of the precariousness, there was the wear and overload of work, as well as negative impacts on the physical and psychological health of the workers.Descriptors: Occupational health nursing, occupational health, occupational risks.TRABAJO DE ENFERMERÍA Y PRECARIZACIÓN: UNA REVISIÓN INTEGRATIVA.Objetivos: identificar y discutir la producción del conocimiento de la enfermería sobre la influencia de la precarización en el proceso de trabajo y la salud del trabajador de enfermería. Metodologia: estudio bibliográfico con abordaje cualitativo, de revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada en las bases BVS, portal de revistas CAPES, PubMed y Science Direct, en el período de 2010 a 2016 y sometidos a análisis de contenido. Resultados: se identificó la baja producción de la producción Literatura sobre el tema. En el análisis cualitativo se obtuvieron las siguientes categorías: el proceso de precarización del trabajo de la enfermería y repercusiones de la precarización al proceso de trabajo de la enfermería y la salud del trabajador. Conclusión: se identificó la incipiente de la producción de la enfermería sobre el tema. Como repercusión de la precarización se verificó el desgaste y sobrecarga de trabajo, así como impactos negativos en la salud física y psíquica de los trabajadores.Descriptores: Enfermería del Trabajo; Salud Laboral; Riesgos Laborales.

Habilidades do Enfermeiro no Diagnóstico e Cuidado ao Portador de Depressão / Nursing Skills in Diagnosis and Care For Patients With Depression

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Cristiane Rosa Guedes ◽  
Bianca Del Ducca Alvarenga ◽  
Isabella Rotella ◽  
Débora Vitória Alexandrina Lisboa Vilella
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Nursing Care ◽  
Direct Contact ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Patient Relationship ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The City

RESUMOObjetivo: Identificar o significado para o enfermeiro em prestar cuidados para pacientes com Depressão.  Materiais e métodos: Estudo exploratório e descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, a amostra foi de 12 enfermeiras, o cenário de estudo foram Unidades Básicas de Saúde e Estratégias de Saúde da Família, urbanas da cidade de Itajubá-MG. A coleta de dados foi por meio do roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada composta por questionário contendo uma pergunta inerente ao assunto. Resultados: Encontramos oito categorias como estigma da depressão, suicídio, dificuldade em lidar, tempo escasso, envolvimento familiar, aceitação da doença, acolhimento e dar medicamento, de acordo com os discursos dos sujeitos coletados na entrevista. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros não estão em contato direto com portadores de depressão no seu trabalho, não entendem que é sua tarefa identificar e encaminha-los para tratamento especializado. Sugerimos que outros estudos sejam desenvolvidos sobre essa temática.Palavras-chave: Depressão. Relação Enfermeiro-Paciente. Assistência de Enfermagem. ABSTRACTObjective: To identify the meaning for nurses when providing care for patients with depression. Materials and Methods: exploratory and descriptive study with qualitative approach, the sample consisted of 12 nurses, the study scenario was the urban Unidades Básicas de Saúde e Estrategia de Saúde da Família, in the city of Itajubá. Data collection was done through semi-structured interview guides consisting of a questionnaire containing a question related to the subject. Results and Discussion: we found eight categories as stigma of depression, suicide, coping difficulties, scarce time, family involvement, acceptance of the disease, host and give medicine, according to the speeches of the subjects collected in the interview. Conclusion: nurses are not in direct contact with individuals with depression in their work, do not understand that it is their job to identify and refer them to specialized treatment. We suggest that other studies be developed on this theme.Keywords: Depression, Nurse-patient Relationship, Nursing care.

scholarly journals Legal and Technical Feasibility of the GDPR’s Quest for Explanation of Algorithmic Decisions: of Black Boxes, White Boxes and Fata Morganas

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja BRKAN ◽  
Grégory BONNET
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Black Boxes ◽  
General Data ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Right ◽  
Automated Decision Making

Understanding of the causes and correlations for algorithmic decisions is currently one of the major challenges of computer science, addressed under an umbrella term “explainable AI (XAI)”. Being able to explain an AI-based system may help to make algorithmic decisions more satisfying and acceptable, to better control and update AI-based systems in case of failure, to build more accurate models, and to discover new knowledge directly or indirectly. On the legal side, the question whether the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) provides data subjects with the right to explanation in case of automated decision-making has equally been the subject of a heated doctrinal debate. While arguing that the right to explanation in the GDPR should be a result of interpretative analysis of several GDPR provisions jointly, the authors move this debate forward by discussing the technical and legal feasibility of the explanation of algorithmic decisions. Legal limits, in particular the secrecy of algorithms, as well as technical obstacles could potentially obstruct the practical implementation of this right. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the authors explore not only whether it is possible to translate the EU legal requirements for an explanation into the actual machine learning decision-making, but also whether those limitations can shape the way the legal right is used in practice.

Understanding the career decision making of university students enrolled in STEM disciplines

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Dawn Bennett ◽  
Elizabeth Knight ◽  
Sherry Bawa ◽  
Alfred M Dockery
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
University Students ◽  
Career Commitment ◽  
Career Decision ◽  
Career Pathways ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Career Decision Making ◽  
Engineering Mathematics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Alternative Career Pathways

This study investigated why university students choose to major in Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics, and Medicine/health (STEM(M)) disciplines, and how their study and career-related confidence compares with that of their peers. The study engaged 12,576 students enrolled at Australian universities. The findings suggest that STEM(M) students’ career decision making is guided by their interest in the subject and their intentions to help people. Within the STEM(M) cohort, students in medicine and health were more confident in their career decision making than either their STEM or non-STEM(M) peers. Of interest, they were less aware of alternative career pathways and less prepared to reorient their careers should this be necessary. Female students reported greater confidence than male students in their career decision making, career identity, and career commitment. Implications include the need for career narratives beyond the STEM industries and for career development initiatives that are mindful of disciplinary and gendered differences.

Statistical analysis and modeling to examine the exterior and interior building damage pertaining to the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302110354
Author(s):  
Haoyi Xiu ◽  
Takayuki Shinohara ◽  
Masashi Matsuoka ◽  
Munenari Inoguchi ◽  
Ken Kawabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Assessment Procedure ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake ◽  
Damage Grade ◽  
Damage Grades ◽  
Distinct Stage ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Post Disaster

After an earthquake occurs, field surveys are conducted by relevant authorities to assess the damage suffered by buildings. The field survey is essential as it ensures the safety of residents and provides the necessary information to local authorities for post-disaster recovery. In Japan, a primary (mandatory) exterior survey is conducted first, and a secondary (voluntary) interior survey is performed subsequently if the residents request a reinvestigation. However, a major challenge associated with field surveys is the substantial time cost of determining the damage grades. Moreover, an interior survey is performed only after receiving the reinvestigation request from occupants, which further delays the decision-making process. In addition, the risk of incorrect damage estimation during the exterior survey must be considered because underestimating the damage can endanger the residents. Therefore, in this study, a three-part analysis (Parts I–III), where each part corresponds to a distinct stage of the standard damage assessment procedure, was performed to characterize the relationship between the building parameters and damage grades at different stages. To further explore the possibility of accelerating decision-making, predictive modeling was performed in each part. The Part I results indicate that estimating the final damage grade for all buildings immediately after the exterior survey is similar to treating the exterior survey results as the final ones. The Part II results show that buildings that potentially require an interior survey can be predicted with reasonable accuracy after the exterior survey. In buildings for which reinvestigations have been requested, Part III demonstrates that the risk of underestimation in the exterior survey can be predicted reliably.

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