scholarly journals EXPLORING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLANNED PREVENTIVE CONSERVATION IN RURAL AREA: THE PRACTICE OF SHIFENG VILLAGE

2021 ◽  
Vol VIII-M-1-2021 ◽  
pp. 201-207
Author(s):  
Y. Yang ◽  
Y. Xu ◽  
S. He ◽  
Z. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Public Participation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Architectural Heritage ◽  
Preventive Conservation ◽  
Management Platform ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Data Management Platform ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

Abstract. Villages have faced many crises in modern development. The architectural heritage is gradually declining in the changing social environment and is in urgent need of conservation. The research explores the methods of combining the concept of planned preventive conservation (PPC) with public participation to propose a low-tech approach of conserving rural architectural heritage, and has achieved significant outcomes in the village architectural heritage risk survey, architectural heritage monitoring and the development and use of conservation data management platform. The model has proven to be technologically and economically feasible, but still requires the support of local governments and grassroots managers for successful implementation in rural areas. Also, the way of public participation, applicability of tools and equipment, and the effectiveness of conservation need to be improved to better provide methodological guidelines for future village architectural heritage conservation practices.

Traditional and Customary Law: Adat

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Butt ◽  
Tim Lindsey
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Proportion ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The State ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Past ◽  
Statutory Protection ◽  
Traditional Communities

Many Indonesians—primarily those living in rural areas—still follow customary law (adat). The precise rules and processes of that adat differ significantly from place to place, even within short distances. This chapter shows that for many decades, adat has been subservient to national law. State-made law overrode it, leaving it applicable only in a very small proportion of cases where no national law applied, where judges could apply it as ‘living law’. Even in these cases, many judges ignored adat or distorted it when deciding cases. The 1945 Constitution was amended in 2000 to require the state to formally recognize and respect customary law, as practised in traditional communities. The Constitutional Court has given effect to this in various judicial review cases, as have some statutes enacted in the past decade or so. However, this constitutional and statutory ‘protection’ has been impeded in practice by requirements for traditional communities to be formally ‘recognized’ by their local governments, many of whom have been unresponsive to calls for recognition.

scholarly journals The Dynamic Impact of Agricultural Fiscal Expenditures and Gross Agricultural Output on Poverty Reduction: A VAR Model Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 5766
Author(s):  
Guanglu Zeng ◽  
Chenggang Zhang ◽  
Sanxi Li ◽  
Hailin Sun
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Var Model ◽  
Poverty Eradication ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Fiscal Spending

China was the first developing country to achieve the poverty eradication target of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 10 years ahead of schedule. Its past approach has been, mainly, to allocate more fiscal spending to rural areas, while strengthening accountability for poverty alleviation. However, some literature suggests that poor rural areas still lack the endogenous dynamics for sustainable growth. Using a vector autoregression (VAR) model, based on data from 1990 to 2019, we find that fiscal spending plays a much more significant role in reducing the poverty ratio than agricultural development. When poverty alleviation is treated as an administrative task, each poor village must complete the spending of top-down poverty alleviation funds within a time frame that is usually shorter than that required for successful specialty agriculture. As a result, the greater the pressure of poverty eradication and the more funds allocated, the more poverty alleviation projects become an anchor for accountability, and the more local governments’ consideration of industry cycles and input–output analysis give way to formalism, homogeneity, and even complicity. We suggest using the leverage of fiscal funds to direct more resources to productive uses, thus guiding future rural revitalization in a more sustainable direction.

scholarly journals Aquaculture Feeds Can Be Outlaws for Eutrophication When Hidden in Rice Fields? A Case Study in Qianjiang, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (22) ◽  
pp. 4471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu ◽  
Hu ◽  
Song ◽  
Chen ◽  
Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Material Balance ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Output Analysis ◽  
Water Eutrophication

Water eutrophication caused by agricultural production has become one of the most important factors that impede sustainable rural environmental governance in China. As a result, the Chinese central and local governments want to reduce the use of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer and gain socioeconomical profit simultaneously by promoting crayfish and rice integrated system (CRIS) in the rural areas with abundant water resources. In this article, we investigated whether CRIS in Qianjiang, Hubei, the origin place of the system in China, contributes to fulfilling the governments’ expectations. We found that CRIS efficaciously cuts the fertilizer rate in rice production and boosts farmers’ incomes because crayfish has a demand for water quality and holds a large internal market requirement. However, higher profit encourages farmers to expand crayfish production and thus discourages the initiatives in rice production. The area of the ditch for crayfish production expands ceaselessly and exceeds the limit of regulation of CRIS. As a result, the CRIS in the areas has emerged as a practice of aquaculture but in farmland. This is a regulatory gap. The input–output analysis of CRIS by material balance method can also reveal that excessive feed for crayfish has become a new source of agricultural pollution. Beyond that, due to the changed irrigation system and increased water exchange frequency of CRIS, the pollution has transformed from passive distribution to active, which will increase the risk of water eutrophication on a large area.

scholarly journals The Florida Pancreas Collaborative Next-Generation Biobank: Infrastructure to Reduce Disparities and Improve Survival for a Diverse Cohort of Patients with Pancreatic Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 809
Author(s):  
Jennifer Permuth ◽  
Kaleena Dezsi ◽  
Shraddha Vyas ◽  
Karla Ali ◽  
Toni Basinski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Pancreatic Tumor ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Multidisciplinary Teams ◽  
Critical Gap ◽  
Management Platform ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Computed Tomography Scans ◽  
Donated Blood ◽  
Data Management Platform

Background: Well-annotated, high-quality biorepositories provide a valuable platform to support translational research. However, most biorepositories have poor representation of minority groups, limiting the ability to address health disparities. Methods: We describe the establishment of the Florida Pancreas Collaborative (FPC), the first state-wide prospective cohort study and biorepository designed to address the higher burden of pancreatic cancer (PaCa) in African Americans (AA) compared to Non-Hispanic Whites (NHW) and Hispanic/Latinx (H/L). We provide an overview of stakeholders; study eligibility and design; recruitment strategies; standard operating procedures to collect, process, store, and transfer biospecimens, medical images, and data; our cloud-based data management platform; and progress regarding recruitment and biobanking. Results: The FPC consists of multidisciplinary teams from fifteen Florida medical institutions. From March 2019 through August 2020, 350 patients were assessed for eligibility, 323 met inclusion/exclusion criteria, and 305 (94%) enrolled, including 228 NHW, 30 AA, and 47 H/L, with 94%, 100%, and 94% participation rates, respectively. A high percentage of participants have donated blood (87%), pancreatic tumor tissue (41%), computed tomography scans (76%), and questionnaires (62%). Conclusions: This biorepository addresses a critical gap in PaCa research and has potential to advance translational studies intended to minimize disparities and reduce PaCa-related morbidity and mortality.

Issues in the Provision of Health Care in India: An Overview

2020 ◽  
pp. 097674792094518
Author(s):  
Vani Kant Borooah
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Explicit Recognition ◽  
Optimal Mix

After reviewing health outcomes and policy in India, this paper concludes that there are at least six sets of issues to be addressed about improving the quantity and quality of health services, and ipso facto improving health outcomes, in India. First, the amount of resources earmarked for health needs to increase. Second, health resources need to be used in a fair and just manner and, in particular, complaints relating to egregious health outcomes need to be addressed. Predominant in this set of issues is oversight and regulation of private-sector health provision. The third set of issues relates to the allocation of health resources and, in particular, to the imbalance in the allocation of health resources between towns and villages. A fourth issue is the accessibility of rural areas since it is the most remote areas that have the lowest density of health workers. Another issue is the more efficient use of health workers in order to make them more productive. Finally, Indian health policy is stronger on rhetoric and aspiration than it is on action and implementation. The successful implementation of the policy requires the explicit recognition that objectives are often competing (primary versus tertiary care) and the acknowledgement that, with budgetary constraints, one cannot have more of one without having less of the other. The first role of policy is to then choose the optimal mix of objectives with respect to these trade-offs. Secondly, policies come up against vested interests which agitate (often with the support of opposition politicians) and litigate against proposed changes. Lastly, policies in India are made against a background of poor governance with the predatory presence of corruption looming over every policy initiative. In implementing, rather than simply articulating, a policy it is important to address these governance issues.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PARTISIPASI PUBLIK, TRANSPARANSI ANGGARAN DAN KOMITMEN PERUMUS KEBIJAKAN TERHADAP RESPONSIVITAS ANGGARAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Benny Sigiro
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Public Participation ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Budgeting Process

This study aimed to investigate the linkages the responsiveness of the budget with public participation, budget transparency and commitment of policy makers in term of local budgeting process. Based on the survey method, data for this study obtained through questionnaires submitted to the respondents include of local governments elements, legislators and public element (citizen, community leaders, NGOs, community organization and other relevant organizations) in Sleman Regency. The data were analyzed to test the hypothesis by using multiple regression analysis. The results of this research showed that public participation, budget transparency and commitment of policy makers, simultaneously and partially has a positive and significant impact on the responsiveness of the budget. The results also confirm the implications and limitations which discussed in the end of the study.   Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterkaitan respon dari anggaran dengan partisipasi masyarakat, transparansi anggaran dan komitmen dari pembuat kebijakan dalam hal proses penganggaran daerah. Berdasarkan metode survei, data untuk penelitian ini diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang diajukan kepada responden meliputi pemerintah daerah elemen, legislator dan elemen masyarakat (warga negara, tokoh masyarakat, LSM, organisasi masyarakat dan organisasi terkait lainnya) di Kabupaten Sleman. Data dianalisis untuk menguji hipotesis dengan menggunakan analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa partisipasi publik, transparansi anggaran dan komitmen dari pembuat kebijakan, secara simultan dan parsial memiliki dampak positif dan signifikan terhadap respon dari anggaran. Hasil ini juga mengkonfirmasi implikasi dan keterbatasan yang dibahas dalam akhir penelitian.

scholarly journals A vidéki térségek turizmusalapú fejlesztési lehetőségei a Siklósi járás példáján

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-112
Author(s):  
Melissza Zita Lempek ◽  
◽  
Róbert Tésits ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Space Use ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Important Goal ◽  
Tourism Economy

The study aims to answer the question concerning how effectively cities of the Siklós district can involve the surrounding settlements in the tourism economy, thereby promoting the development of rural areas. In addition to local governments and tourism organizations, our important goal is to understand the ideas of service providers and their guests related to rural development, as well as the space use characteristics of the latter group. The key method is the questionnaire survey, the target group of which is the mayors of all settlements in the district, as well as the guests of the accommodations belonging to the different product types. The primary sources are based on two further series of interviews, which explore the opinions of service providers and professional organizations. Empirical experience shows that thematic trips can play a prominent role in the development of the less frequented small settlements. The essence of this is to connect the places offering traditional crafts and local products by a bike route.

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