scholarly journals DEFORMATION MONITORING USING SAR INTERFEROMETRY AND ACTIVE AND PASSIVE REFLECTORS

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 287-292
Author(s):  
M. Crosetto ◽  
G. Luzi ◽  
O. Monserrat ◽  
A. Barra ◽  
M. Cuevas-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Stability ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
First Results ◽  
Active Reflector

Abstract. This paper is focused on SAR interferometry for deformation monitoring, based on the use of passive and active reflectors. Such reflectors are needed in all cases where a sufficient response from the ground is not available. In particular, the paper describes the development of a low-cost active reflector. This development was carried out in an EU H2020 project called GIMS. The paper summarizes the key characteristics of the developed active reflector. The reflector was tested in two main experiments: the first one located in the campus of CTTC and the second one in a GIMS test site located in Slovenia. The experiments demonstrate the visibility of the active reflectors and provide the first results concerning the phase stability of such devices.

Monitoring Three Gorge Area Landslide currently movement by Mutilplatform SAR Interferometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Li ◽  
Yangmao Wen ◽  
Lulu Chen ◽  
Jinge Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Surface Deformation ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Sar Image ◽  
Landslide Area ◽  
Sar Images ◽  
The Past ◽  
Huangtupo Landslide

<p>Three Gorge area landslide hazards developed very fast after the Dam started to impound the water since 2007. There were lots of research literatures concentrated on the Badong Huangtupo Landslide area for the whole city center had to change its position in 2009. Several literatures used Envisat SAR images time series to monitoring the surface deformation from 2008~2010. The results showed good consistent with the water level changes and precipitation.  The high resolution TerraSAR Spotlight images had been used to monitoring the Shuping landslide and Fanjiaping landslide area in Zigui country from 2009~2012,the InSAR results showed good details of the landslide boundary and deformation rate with DInSAR technology.</p><p>This paper studies several landslide area in the Three Gorge by InSAR technology in the past few years, such as Huangtupo, Huanglashi , Daping and  Baiheping landslide area , etc. al . The high resolution SAR images covered Badong and Wushan area have been collected, including the Sentinel-1, TerraSAR, RadarSAT-2, ALOS-2 SAR images. The high resolution topography in those landslide area have been collected both by UAV lidar and high resolution topography map.</p><p>The Huangtupo landslide area changed a lot in the past 3 years with the buildings ruins cleared and red soil covered by the local government. The time series results by Sentinel data in this area shows the big changes but could not derive reasonable deformation results.</p><p>Three Gorges Research Center for Geo-hazards (TGRC) of China University of Geosciences(CUG) built the Badong field test site in Huangtupo landslide area. This test site is composed with a tunnel group and a series of monitoring system including the inside sensors, surface deformation monitoring sensors and so on. In this paper, we mounted several new designed dihedral corner reflectors on the Huangtupo landslide area for high precision deformation monitoring by InSAR. Both the  ascending and the  descending orbit data of RadarSAT-2 high resolution SAR image  and TerraSAR Spotlight images have been collected in this field.</p><p>The preliminary results from those new acquiring SAR data series show that the traditional landslide area such as Huanglashi , Daping, Baiheping are all moving slowly with good coherence in SAR image series.  The poor vegetation coverage in those landslide area helped to get the credible  InSAR results. The high resolution DEM is the critical elements for the DInSAR techniques in those landslide area. The steep  topography in those landslide area distorted the SAR images correspondingly.</p><p>Our results shows that it is possible to use ascending and descending high resolution SAR images to monitor the landslide area with mm level precision, while the vegetation is not so dense. High resolution SAR interferometry helped a lot for the landslide boundary detection and detailed analysis. The lower resolution SAR images such as Sentinel-1 still could provide some deformation results in landslide area, but it need more auxiliary data to interpret the results.</p>

scholarly journals ACTIVE REFLECTORS FOR INTERFEROMETRIC SAR DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2021 ◽  
pp. 177-182
Author(s):  
Y. Wassie ◽  
M. Crosetto ◽  
G. Luzi ◽  
O. Monserrat ◽  
A. Barra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phase Stability ◽  
Calibration Curve ◽  
Strong Correlation ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Radar Interferometry ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry ◽  
Interferometric Sar ◽  
Active Reflector

Abstract. This paper is focused on the design, implementation and testing of an active reflector, to be used to support deformation monitoring studies based on Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometry. The device is designed to work in C-band with Sentinel-1 data, operating at 5.405 GHz ± 50 MHz. A brief description of the active reflector is provided. It consists of two antennas and an amplifying section. The active reflector has been tested in different experiments. In this paper, we describe the experiment carried out in the Parc Mediterrani de la Tecnologia (Castelldefels, Barcelona). The result shows a strong correlation with temperature. A calibration test was carried out to experimentally derive a calibration curve to correct the effect of temperature on phase stability.

scholarly journals Comparison of solar power measurements in alpine areas using a mobile dual-axis tracking system

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelenko Karpić ◽  
Ekanki Sharma ◽  
Tamer Khatib ◽  
Wilfried Elmenreich
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Elevation Angle ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
Power Point

Abstract The rising demand for sustainable energy requires to identify the sites for photovoltaic systems with the best performance. This paper tackles the question of feasibility of photovoltaic power plants at high altitude. A direct comparison between an alpine and an urban area site is conducted in the south of Austria. Two low-cost automatic photovoltaic power measurement devices with dual-axis sun tracking and maximum power point tracking are deployed at two test sites. The system periodically performs a scan over the southern semihemisphere and executes maximum power point adjustment in order to assess the performance for a given direction. The gathered data shows a higher photovoltaic power yield in the higher altitude test site. Furthermore, the high altitude photovoltaic power as a function of azimuth and elevation angle appears to be not only higher but also more flat than in lower altitudes. This indicates a lower power loss in case of deviation from the optimal solar angles. The results show that even on low-cost hardware a difference in photovoltaic power can be observed, even though in this experiment it amounts to less than 5% increase of peak power in higher altitudes. However, the measured peak powers on the mountain are more stable and therefore closer to a constant level than the heavily fluctuating peak power values at the low altitude site. Additionally, a slight shift in optimal elevation angles between altitudes can be observed, as the optimum angle turns out to be lower on the high altitude site. This angle shift could be caused by snow reflections on the mountainous test site.

scholarly journals Low-cost GPS-based volcano deformation monitoring at Mt. Papandayan, Indonesia

2002 ◽  
Vol 115 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 139-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker Janssen ◽  
Craig Roberts ◽  
Chris Rizos ◽  
Hasanuddin Z Abidin
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Volcano Deformation

scholarly journals Hardware-in-the-loop simulation of wave energy converters based on dielectric elastomer generators

Meccanica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1223-1237
Author(s):  
Giacomo Moretti ◽  
Andrea Scialò ◽  
Giovanni Malara ◽  
Giovanni Gerardo Muscolo ◽  
Felice Arena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Dielectric Elastomer ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Wave Energy Converters ◽  
Energy Converters

AbstractDielectric elastomer generators (DEGs) are soft electrostatic generators based on low-cost electroactive polymer materials. These devices have attracted the attention of the marine energy community as a promising solution to implement economically viable wave energy converters (WECs). This paper introduces a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation framework for a class of WECs that combines the concept of the oscillating water columns (OWCs) with the DEGs. The proposed HIL system replicates in a laboratory environment the realistic operating conditions of an OWC/DEG plant, while drastically reducing the experimental burden compared to wave tank or sea tests. The HIL simulator is driven by a closed-loop real-time hydrodynamic model that is based on a novel coupling criterion which allows rendering a realistic dynamic response for a diversity of scenarios, including large scale DEG plants, whose dimensions and topologies are largely different from those available in the HIL setup. A case study is also introduced, which simulates the application of DEGs on an OWC plant installed in a mild real sea laboratory test-site. Comparisons with available real sea-test data demonstrated the ability of the HIL setup to effectively replicate a realistic operating scenario. The insights gathered on the promising performance of the analysed OWC/DEG systems pave the way to pursue further sea trials in the future.

scholarly journals A Low-Cost Optical Remote Sensing Application for Glacier Deformation Monitoring in an Alpine Environment

Sensors ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. 1750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Giordan ◽  
Paolo Allasia ◽  
Niccolò Dematteis ◽  
Federico Dell’Anese ◽  
Marco Vagliasindi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Optical Remote Sensing ◽  
Alpine Environment ◽  
Remote Sensing Application ◽  
Sensing Application

scholarly journals Sentinel-1 SAR Interferometry for Surface Deformation Monitoring in Low-Land Permafrost Areas

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tazio Strozzi ◽  
Sofia Antonova ◽  
Frank Günther ◽  
Eva Mätzler ◽  
Gonçalo Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Displacement ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
In Situ Measurements ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Lena River ◽  
Lena River Delta

Low-land permafrost areas are subject to intense freeze-thaw cycles and characterized by remarkable surface displacement. We used Sentinel-1 SAR interferometry (InSAR) in order to analyse the summer surface displacement over four spots in the Arctic and Antarctica since 2015. Choosing floodplain or outcrop areas as the reference for the InSAR relative deformation measurements, we found maximum subsidence of about 3 to 10 cm during the thawing season with generally high spatial variability. Sentinel-1 time-series of interferograms with 6–12 day time intervals highlight that subsidence is often occurring rather quickly within roughly one month in early summer. Intercomparison of summer subsidence from Sentinel-1 in 2017 with TerraSAR-X in 2013 over part of the Lena River Delta (Russia) shows a high spatial agreement between both SAR systems. A comparison with in-situ measurements for the summer of 2014 over the Lena River Delta indicates a pronounced downward movement of several centimetres in both cases but does not reveal a spatial correspondence between InSAR and local in-situ measurements. For the reconstruction of longer time-series of deformation, yearly Sentinel-1 interferograms from the end of the summer were considered. However, in order to infer an effective subsidence of the surface through melting of excess ice layers over multi-annual scales with Sentinel-1, a longer observation time period is necessary.

scholarly journals A comparative case study of MTInSAR approaches for deformation monitoring of the cultural landscape of the Shanhaiguan section of the Great Wall

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hang Xu ◽  
Fulong Chen ◽  
Wei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
Deformation Monitoring ◽  
Sar Interferometry ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Rock Falls ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Great Wall

Abstract The Great Wall of China is one of the largest architectural heritage sites globally, and its sustainability is a significant concern. However, its large extent and diverse characteristics cause challenges for deformation monitoring. In this study, the Shanhaiguan section of the Great Wall was investigated in a case study to ascertain the damage and potential hazards of the architectural site. Two standard multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry (MTInSAR) technologies, including persistent scatterer SAR interferometry (PSInSAR) and small baseline subset (SBAS) SAR interferometry, were used for deformation monitoring using high-resolution TerraSAR-X data acquired in 2015–2017. The results of the two MTInSAR approaches revealed the health condition of the Great Wall. The Shanhaiguan section was stable, but local instabilities caused by rock falls were detected in some mountainous areas. In addition, the applicability of PSInSAR and SBAS was evaluated. The performance analysis of the two approaches indicated that a more reliable and adaptable MTInSAR technique needs to be developed for monitoring the Great Wall. This study demonstrates the potential of MTInSAR technology with high-resolution data for the health diagnosis of heritage sites with a linear structure, such as the Great Wall.

scholarly journals 3D MODELLING OF AN INDOOR SPACE USING A ROTATING STEREO FRAME CAMERA SYSTEM

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 303-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kang ◽  
I. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Input Data ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Location Awareness ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Indoor Spaces

Sophisticated indoor design and growing development in urban architecture make indoor spaces more complex. And the indoor spaces are easily connected to public transportations such as subway and train stations. These phenomena allow to transfer outdoor activities to the indoor spaces. Constant development of technology has a significant impact on people knowledge about services such as location awareness services in the indoor spaces. Thus, it is required to develop the low-cost system to create the 3D model of the indoor spaces for services based on the indoor models. In this paper, we thus introduce the rotating stereo frame camera system that has two cameras and generate the indoor 3D model using the system. First, select a test site and acquired images eight times during one day with different positions and heights of the system. Measurements were complemented by object control points obtained from a total station. As the data were obtained from the different positions and heights of the system, it was possible to make various combinations of data and choose several suitable combinations for input data. Next, we generated the 3D model of the test site using commercial software with previously chosen input data. The last part of the processes will be to evaluate the accuracy of the generated indoor model from selected input data. In summary, this paper introduces the low-cost system to acquire indoor spatial data and generate the 3D model using images acquired by the system. Through this experiments, we ensure that the introduced system is suitable for generating indoor spatial information. The proposed low-cost system will be applied to indoor services based on the indoor spatial information.

scholarly journals UAV BLOCK GEOREFERENCING AND CONTROL BY ON-BOARD GNSS DATA

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B2-2020 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Author(s):  
G. Forlani ◽  
F. Diotri ◽  
U. Morra di Cella ◽  
R. Roncella
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Ground Control ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Ground Control Points ◽  
Remote Sites ◽  
Gnss Data ◽  
And Control

Abstract. Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) are established platforms for photogrammetric surveys in remote areas. They are lightweight, easy to operate and can allow access to remote sites otherwise difficult (or impossible) to be surveyed with other techniques. Very good accuracy can be obtained also with low-cost UAV platforms as far as a reliable ground control is provided. However, placing ground control points (GCP) in these contexts is time consuming and requires accessibility that, in some cases, can be troublesome. RTK-capable UAV platforms are now available at reasonable costs and can overcome most of these problems, requiring just few (or none at all) GCP and still obtaining accurate results. The paper will present a set of experiments performed in cooperation with ARPA VdA (the Environmental Protection Agency of Valle d’Aosta region, Italy) on a test site in the Italian Alps using a Dji Phantom 4 RTK platform. Its goals are: a) compare accuracies obtainable with different calibration procedures (pre- or on-the-job/self-calibration); b) evaluate the accuracy improvements using different number of GCP when the site allows for it; and c) compare alternative positioning modes for camera projection centres determination, (Network RTK, RTK, Post Processing Kinematic and Single Point Positioning).

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