scholarly journals TRANSFORMING EARTH INTO HOUSES: A METHODOLOGY FOR DOCUMENTING CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES AS AN APPRENTICE IN THE IRANIAN DESERT, SOUTH KHORASAN

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIV-M-1-2020 ◽  
pp. 953-960
Author(s):  
E. P. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Arid Environment ◽  
Architectural Drawings ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Person Perspective ◽  
Mud Bricks ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
South Khorasan

Abstract. This article presents a methodology for recording and documenting building processes using an anthropological approach. The village of Esfahak, in the region of South Khorasan (Iran) is situated in an arid environment scarce in water and trees. These conditions have resulted in the development of building forms that are almost entirely made out of earth. For centuries houses have been erected by local master masons utilizing only mud bricks and without the use of any architectural drawings. This research seeks to document how building processes unfold and are implemented in the village, for both restoration and new constructions. The researcher undertakes ethnographic fieldwork examining the relationship between villagers and their architecture. This approach is based on participant observation, engaging the local community to study how buildings were and are conceived, constructed, inhabited, maintained and restored. Moreover, the research employs an apprentice-style fieldwork method to access building sites. Thus, the researcher learns by doing with masons as a way to embody local knowledge, and not merely through passive observation. The work on site, given its processual nature, is documented through audio-visual recordings from both an external and first-person perspective. The use of head-mounted cameras facilitates review and discussion of building processes with the masons allowing for an in-depth understanding of this craft practice.

Ethno-ornithology of Temuan Community in Ledang, Johor

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nor Atiqah Binti Norazlimi ◽  
◽  
Amirah Binti Mohd Sarif ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Interview Session ◽  
Scientific Approach ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

Ethno-ornithology is the study of the relationship between people and birds. It is a natural scientific approach that explains the relationship between people’s knowledge and the use of birds in their culture. Temuan community is one of the aborigine ethnics in Malaysia. They practice lifestyles that closely associated with nature. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the ethno-ornithology knowledge and practice by Temuan Community lived around the Gunung Ledang National Park, Johor, Malaysia. A set of questionnaires was distributed to 40 respondents from the Temuan community to gather the information of birds used in their daily activities. In addition, the information was also obtained from the interview session with the head of the village (Tok Batin). The identification of the birds obtained from the questionnaire and interview was further confirmed by using reliable resources. A total of 29 bird species was successfully identified. Temuan community used birds in their daily life in many ways such as, food, pet, folklore, entertainment, and many more. Understanding ethno-ornithology between local community and avifauna is good as it helps conservationists to keep track of bird species they use and identify the sustainable ways of this practice that align with the conservation of avifauna species.

scholarly journals "Sister Akua, they say you should dance": negotiating roles in participant observation

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Graveling
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Self And Other ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The Core ◽  
Participant Observer ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Southern Ghana

Relationships, and specifically the relationship between the fieldworker and the research subjects, are at the core of the process of all anthropological and ethnographic research and to a very large extent determine the outcomes of the research. In addressing the question of how far a participant observer should attempt to "become" a member of the group she is studying, we must also recognise the complexity of individual and social identities assumed or attributed to her. When the distinction between aspects of "self" and "other" is blurred, the fieldworker can be simultaneously (but not fully) "insider" and "outsider" in different facets of her identity and in different relationships. Drawing on experiences of recent ethnographic fieldwork among members of churches in a village in southern Ghana, this paper explores aspects of identity that contribute to this ambivalent status of the fieldworker. It considers the extent to which the researcher has control over her research roles and the implications of this in terms of access, acceptance, data collection, and obligations and responsibilities of the researcher to her informants.

scholarly journals ‘It’s part of who I am’: Tā’aloga ma fa’asinomaga ma fa’aSāmoa - Sport, identity, and culture in the lives of Samoan-New Zealanders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Josh Connolly
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Culturally Embedded ◽  
New Zealanders

<p>Samoan-New Zealanders have become increasingly prominent within New Zealand sport since the mid-20th century. Despite the apparent desirability of players with Pacific Island heritage their presence is also met with resistance and apprehension in both professional and amateur settings. Discourse that frames the relationship between Samoan-New Zealanders and sport often does so in terms that rely on stereotypes and the naturalisation of sporting ability and participation suggesting that they are ‘built’ for sport. This thesis offers a counternarrative to such discourse exploring the ways in which sport, particularly rugby, is a culturally embedded practice for Samoan-New Zealanders. I argue that for Samoan-New Zealanders sport exists as an example of Marcel Mauss’s fait social total or Total Social Phenomenon (TSP) by virtue of the range of cultural institutions and practices that find expression within it. As such it is deeply and uniquely immersed within the fa’aSāmoa or Samoan culture. This thesis is based on seven months of ethnographic fieldwork, participant observation, and talanoa conducted in Wellington, New Zealand. It seeks to explore the ways in which sport is a culturally embedded practice as a means of interrogating the notion that Samoan-New Zealanders are ‘born to play sport’.</p>

Fiscal Institution or Local Community?

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-168
Author(s):  
Lajos Berkes
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Late Antique ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Village Life ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Early Islamic ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Community Administration

The abundant papyrological evidence surviving from late antique Egypt (4–8th c.) includes thousands of documents in Greek and Coptic on village life. These sources shed light on aspects of rural realities barely known from other areas of the ancient Mediterranean. Village administration and government are especially well documented. Late antique villages in Egypt were organised in a fiscal community (koinon) which was collectively liable for the payments of the taxes incumbent on the village and the cultivation of their land. This institution was governed by a body of officials consisting of members of the village elite. This chapter discusses the relationship of the fiscal village community, administration and elite in Byzantine and early Islamic Egypt.

“Hanging Out” while Studying “Up”: Doing Ethnographic Fieldwork in International Relations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Nair
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
International Politics ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Social Elites ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
Building Rapport ◽  
The Village ◽  
Studying Up

AbstractThis article advances a methodological argument on how to do ethnographic fieldwork amid social elites and inaccessible bureaucracies in international politics. Instead of participant observation or semi-structured interviews, the article proposes “hanging out” as an alternative strategy to generate immersion and ethnographic insight. While the ethnographer studying “down” is arguably always “hanging out” (the village as the exemplary mise-en-scene of this genre), this technique takes a more defined form when studying “up” elites. Specifically, hanging out when studying “up” is a strategy where the fieldworker commits to a period of continuous residence amid members of a community; engages in ludic, informal, and often sociable interactions outside or at the sidelines of their professional habitats; and participates in a range of activities where building rapport is as important as the primary goals of the research. I illustrate this methodological strategy and its payoffs by reflecting upon a year of fieldwork among the diplomats and bureaucrats of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations—an informal, quiet, and often sub rosa diplomatic project run by a band of mostly authoritarian states in Southeast Asia. This article contributes to debates on the viability of ethnographic fieldwork in international relations (IR); advances a methodological corrective to fieldwork prescriptions in new micropolitical studies of practice, interactions, and emotions in IR; and offers a practical illustration of what studying “up” looks like in diplomacy and international politics.

scholarly journals The Relation Of Islamic And Local Wisdom: The Wearing Of Dinglo-Bengle Bracelet In The Village Of Sisir, Temanggung

Dialog ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-248
Author(s):  
I Idam Silmi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Techniques ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Educational Values ◽  
Religious Preference ◽  
Health Values ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

This research was conducted in response to the various views of local community regarding the wearing of dinglo-bengle brecelets. The purpose of this research is; (1) to find out the relationship between Islam and the use of dinglo-bengle bracelets in the village of Sisir. (2) to envistigate the values of local wisdom in regard to the wearing of dinglo-bengle bracelets in the village of Sisir. The qualitative approach is used as developed by Craswell. Data analysis is based on the primary and secondary data where the interviews was conducted by purposing sampling techniques and direct observation in the field. Secondary data was obtained through the exploration of journals, research reports and relevant library sources. To ensure the validity of data, the researcher used data triangulation which included source and technique triangulation. The study found that (1) the community believe that the tradition of dinglo-bengle bracelets is an expression of socio-religious preference. (2) The wearing of dinglo-bengle bracelet reflects the values of local wisdom, such as spiritual values, moral values, educational values, cultural values, health values, and peace values.. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh perbedaan pandangan masyarakat mengenai penggunaan gelang dinglo-bengle. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu (1) Untuk mengetahui relasi Islam dengan penggunaan gelang dinglo-bengle di dusun Sisir. (2) Mengetahui nilai-nilai kearifan lokal yang terkandung dalam penggunaan gelang dinglo-bengle di dusun Sisir. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif seperti yang dikembangkan oleh Creswell. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan data primer dan sekunder dengan wawancara yang menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan observasi langsung di lapangan. Data sekundernya diperoleh melalui eksplorasi jurnal, laporan penelitian dan sumber pustaka yang releven. Untuk menguji keabsahan datanya peneliti menggunakan triangulsi data yang meliputi triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa (1) pandangan masyarakat memaknai tradisi penggunaan gelang dinglo-bengle merupakan ungkapan refleksi sosial-keagamaan. (2) Penggunaan gelang dinglo-bengle memliki nilai- nilai kearifan lokal yang beragam seperti; nilai spiritual, nilai moral, nilai pendidikan, nilai kebudayaan, nilai kesehatan dan nilai kedamaian.

After 30 Years and During a Pandemic: Pottery Production and Distribution in Bagacay, Talibon in the Island of Bohol in the Philippines | Pagkalipas ng Tatlumpung Taon at sa Panahon ng Pandemya: Produksyon at Distribusyon ng Seramiko sa Bagacay, Talibon sa Isla ng Bohol sa Pilipinas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhayan Gatbonton Melendres ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Ceramic Production ◽  
Training Workshop ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Production Organization ◽  
The Village

In 1986, SEAMEO SPAFA conducted training in Ethnoarchaeology in Bagacay, Talibon, from July 22 to September 22. From the training workshop and ethnographic fieldwork in the village, Mary Jane Calderon and Thelma Roales, who attended the course, wrote an article for the SPAFA Digest in 1987 to describe the village’s pottery-making tradition. After 30 years, I re-visited and conducted pottery studies in Bagagay, Talibon pre-pandemic in 2017 to 2018 and during the pandemic in 2021. Using ethnoarchaeology as a research strategy and participant observation and survey interview as methods, I will identify and describe the ceramic production, organization, and distribution changes in Bagacay, Talibon, Bohol for the last 30 years and during this pandemic. Noong 1986, and SEAMEO SPAFA ay nagsagawa ng pagsasanay sa Ethnoarkeolohiya sa Bagacay, Talibon noong Hunyo 22 hanggang Setyembre 22. Pagkatapos ng pagsasanay at ethnograpikong pagaaral sa komunidad, sina Mary Jane Calderon at Thelma Roales ay nagsulat ng artikulo para sa SPAFA Digest nuong 1987 para ilarawan ang tradisyon ng paggwa ng seramiko sa pamayanan. Pagkalipas ng 30 taon, ako ay bumisita at nagsaliksik ulit sa nasabing nayon bago ang pandemya nuong 2017 hanggang 2018 at sa kasagsagan ng pandemiko nito lamang 2021. Gamit ang ethnoarkeolohiya bilang stratehiyang sa pananaliksik at pakikiugaling pagmamasid at sarbey na panayam bilang metodo, aking kikilalanin at ilalarawan ang mga pagbabago sa produksyon, organisasyon, at distribusyon ng seramiko sa Bagacay, Talibon sa Bohol pagkalipas ng tatlumpung taon at ngayong panahon ng pandemya.

Host-guest interaction: A retrospective analysis of the conflict between sons of second homeowners and local youth – The case of Vall de Lord (Catalonia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 146879762110101
Author(s):  
Jordi Datzira-Masip
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Male Youth ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Local Host ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Retrospective Case Study ◽  
The Relationship

While various aspects of host-guest conflict have been studied, there has been little published about the relationship between the local community and second homeowners, particularly the male youth population, who often expressed their concerns in a more direct and violent manner. This is a retrospective case study of Vall de Lord, in which one of the authors was a participant, depicted as reflective, ethnographic participant-observation. Combining personal reflection with conversations in the form of interviews and focus group discussions, it provides an opportunity to apply the results to the development of a theoretical model. The findings indicate that the most important factors affecting this relationship were external (environmental), and internal (intrinsic). Appling thematic analysis the study found that the attitudes and behaviour of the local community towards the sons of second home owners sit well with Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour. This study contributes to our understanding of the relationship between local host communities and second homeowners as a social phenomenon, and how this relationship is affected by the nature of the encounter and the contested identities, values and beliefs of each group when they coexist in the same time and space.

scholarly journals Political / Power Structure and Vulnerability to Natural Disaster in North Western Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ishaq ◽  
Inam Ullah Leghari
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Northern Areas ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Disaster Situation ◽  
Princely State ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

The current study tries to explore the link between the power structure and vulnerability to natural disasters like flash floods in Chitral, situated in the northwest of Pakistan. Flash floods are common in northern areas of Pakistan because of the steep nature of the terrain, melting of glaciers, and torrential rain in summer. In the Chitral district, its effects are adverse because of dwelling patterns and scarcity of safe locations for living. Ethnographic research tool, participant observation, in-depth interviews, informal talking, were used to understand the relationship between the power structure/ political structure in the district and vulnerability to flash floods and its aftermaths. Descriptive analysis technique has been used to analyze the ethnographic data. In princely state lower status people used to be compensated through land.  In the locale of research, situated in upper Chitral, it has been observed that most of the low-status families are living in marginal locations making them vulnerable to flash floods. 2013 and 2015 flash floods data in the village of Reshun shows that majority of the affected families belong to low-status groups. Mainly it is the vulnerable location where these families are living. These families were not only affected more than upper-status people living in the village but the post-disaster situation was also worse for them in comparison to other parts of the village.

scholarly journals ‘It’s part of who I am’: Tā’aloga ma fa’asinomaga ma fa’aSāmoa - Sport, identity, and culture in the lives of Samoan-New Zealanders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Josh Connolly
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Social Phenomenon ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Culturally Embedded ◽  
New Zealanders

<p>Samoan-New Zealanders have become increasingly prominent within New Zealand sport since the mid-20th century. Despite the apparent desirability of players with Pacific Island heritage their presence is also met with resistance and apprehension in both professional and amateur settings. Discourse that frames the relationship between Samoan-New Zealanders and sport often does so in terms that rely on stereotypes and the naturalisation of sporting ability and participation suggesting that they are ‘built’ for sport. This thesis offers a counternarrative to such discourse exploring the ways in which sport, particularly rugby, is a culturally embedded practice for Samoan-New Zealanders. I argue that for Samoan-New Zealanders sport exists as an example of Marcel Mauss’s fait social total or Total Social Phenomenon (TSP) by virtue of the range of cultural institutions and practices that find expression within it. As such it is deeply and uniquely immersed within the fa’aSāmoa or Samoan culture. This thesis is based on seven months of ethnographic fieldwork, participant observation, and talanoa conducted in Wellington, New Zealand. It seeks to explore the ways in which sport is a culturally embedded practice as a means of interrogating the notion that Samoan-New Zealanders are ‘born to play sport’.</p>

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