scholarly journals Novel thermocouples for automotive applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Gierth ◽  
Lars Rebenklau ◽  
Klaus Augsburg ◽  
Eric Bachmann ◽  
Lars Niedermeyer
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Protection ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Response Characteristic ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Installation Space ◽  
Standard Laboratory ◽  
Automotive Applications ◽  
Test Vehicle

Abstract. Measurement of temperatures in engine and exhaust systems in automotive applications is necessary for thermal protection of the parts and optimizing of the combustion process. State-of-the-art temperature sensors are very limited in their response characteristic and installation space requirement. Miniaturized sensor concepts with a customizable geometry are needed. The basic idea of this novel sensor concept is to use thick-film technology on component surfaces. Different standardized and especially nonstandard material combinations of thermocouples have been produced for the validation of this technology concept. Application-oriented measurements took place in the exhaust system of a test vehicle and were compared to standard laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals A Machine Vision Approach for Bioreactor Foam Sensing

2021 ◽  
pp. 247263032110088
Author(s):  
Jonas Austerjost ◽  
Robert Söldner ◽  
Christoffer Edlund ◽  
Johan Trygg ◽  
David Pollard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Machine Vision ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Consumer Electronics ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Automotive Applications ◽  
Fine Grained

Machine vision is a powerful technology that has become increasingly popular and accurate during the last decade due to rapid advances in the field of machine learning. The majority of machine vision applications are currently found in consumer electronics, automotive applications, and quality control, yet the potential for bioprocessing applications is tremendous. For instance, detecting and controlling foam emergence is important for all upstream bioprocesses, but the lack of robust foam sensing often leads to batch failures from foam-outs or overaddition of antifoam agents. Here, we report a new low-cost, flexible, and reliable foam sensor concept for bioreactor applications. The concept applies convolutional neural networks (CNNs), a state-of-the-art machine learning system for image processing. The implemented method shows high accuracy for both binary foam detection (foam/no foam) and fine-grained classification of foam levels.

scholarly journals Design and characterization of a smog chamber for studying gas-phase chemical mechanisms and aerosol chemistry

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 7735-7769
Author(s):  
X. Wang ◽  
T. Liu ◽  
F. Bernard ◽  
X. Ding ◽  
S. Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Temperature Sensors ◽  
Smog Chamber ◽  
Aerosol Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
Film Reactor ◽  
Teflon Film ◽  
Phase Chemical

Abstract. We describe here characterization of a new state-of-the-art smog chamber facility for studying atmospheric gas phase and aerosol chemistry. The chamber consists of a 30 m3 fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) Teflon film reactor suspended in a temperature-controlled enclosure equipped with two banks of black lamps as the light source. Temperature can be set in the range from −10 °C to 40 °C at accuracy of ±1 °C as measured by eight temperature sensors inside the enclosure and one just inside the reactor. Matrix air can be purified with NMHCs < 0.5 ppb, NOx/O3/carbonyls < 1 ppb and particles < 1 cm

Fuel Injection Scheme for a Compact Afterburner Without Flameholders

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shai Birmaher ◽  
Philipp W. Zeller ◽  
Peter Wirfalt ◽  
Yedidia Neumeier ◽  
Ben T. Zinn
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Fuel Injection ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Turbine Engine ◽  
Theoretical Predictions ◽  
Significant Length

State of the art afterburner combustion employs spray bars and flameholders in a long cavity, which adds significant length and weight to the engine and increases its observability. This paper presents a feasibility study for the development of a compact “prime and trigger” afterburner that eliminates the flameholders and reduces the length of the engine. In this concept, fuel is injected just upstream or in between the turbine stages in such a manner that upon exiting the turbine the fuel has evaporated and premixed with the flow without significant combustion, a process referred to as “priming”. Downstream of the turbine, combustion is initiated either through autoignition or by using a low power plasma radical generator being developed in a parallel investigation to “trigger” the combustion process. The prime and trigger injection and ignition scheme has been investigated using an experimental setup that simulates the operating conditions in a typical gas turbine engine. For this investigation, a trigger is not used, and combustion of the fuel occurs through autoignition. A physics-based theoretical model was developed to predict the location of autoignition for given flow and spray properties and injection locations. The theoretical predictions and the experimental results obtained using thermocouple measurements and CH* chemiluminescence confirm the feasibility of the prime and trigger concept by demonstrating the predictable and controlled autoignition of the afterburner fuel.

scholarly journals Introduction of Norms for Air Exchange in Rooms and Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-313
Author(s):  
L. V. Borukhava ◽  
A. S. Shybeka
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Heat Balance ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Residential Area ◽  
Heat Losses ◽  
The Given ◽  
Air Exchange

Energy saving policy conducted all over the world and in Belarus, particularly, leads to revision of technical standard and legal acts on thermal protection of buildings. Gradual increase of resistance to heat transfer of enclosing structures reduces transmission heat losses however expenses on infiltration air heating remain unchangeable. Due to this their portion in overall heat balance of residential buildings is gradually increasing: up to thermal rehabilitation of a building the portion constitutes 30 %, after this process the portion is equal to 53 %. In order to find methods for reduction of heat losses the paper considers an origin of the current standard for inlet air which is equal to 3 m³/h per 1 m² of residential area. It has been shown that the given value has been determined on the assumption of air exchange which is required for assimilation of carbon dioxide and residential area standard per one person. The required air exchange can be reduced up to 1.5 m³/(h×m²) due to improvement of population living conditions and increase in provision of residential area. Calculations have also shown that the given reduction makes it possible to enhance energy efficiency class of a building and decrease portion of heat losses on heating inlet air in overall heat balance. The paper has also revealed that rational light location on both sides permits to reduce a specific index of heat energy consumption for heating and ventilation of a residential building. Determination of outlet air consumption for kitchens has been considered simultaneously with determination of inlet air consumption. It has been ascertained that in order to support combustion process and removal of combustion products consumption of outlet air must constitute 10–20 m³/h according to type of gas stove. Due to the fact that windows can not support the proposed and existing air exchanges they must be completed with plenum valves.

scholarly journals Hexafly-INT Experimental Flight Test Vehicle (EFTV) Aero-Thermal Design

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Scigliano ◽  
Giuseppe Pezzella ◽  
Sara Di Benedetto ◽  
Marco Marini ◽  
Johan Steelant
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Flight Test ◽  
Thermal Design ◽  
Test Vehicle ◽  
Aerodynamic Efficiency ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Manufacturing Assembly ◽  
Internal Volume

Over the last years, innovative concepts of civil high-speed transportation vehicles were proposed. In this framework, the Hexafly-INT project intends to test in free-flight conditions an innovative gliding vehicle with several breakthrough technologies on-board. This approach will help to gradually increase the readiness level of a consistent number of technologies suitable for hypervelocity flying systems. The vehicle design, manufacturing, assembly and verification is the main driver and challenge in this project. The prime objectives of this free-flying high-speed cruise vehicle shall aim at a conceptual design demonstrating a high aerodynamic efficiency in combination with high internal volume; controlled level flight at a cruise Mach number of 7 to 8;an optimal use of advanced high-temperature materials and structures. Present research describes the aero-thermal design process of the Experimental Flight Test Vehicle, namely EFTV. The glider aeroshape design makes maximum use of databases, expertise, technologies and materials elaborated in previously European community co-funded projects LAPCAT I & II [1][2], ATLLAS I & II [3][4] and HEXAFLY [5]. The paper presents results for both CFD and Finite Element aero-thermal analysis, performed in the most critical phase of the experimental flight leading to the selection of materials for the different components and to a suitable Thermal Protection System.

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