scholarly journals Brief Communication: A case study of risk assessment for facilities associated with earthquake-induced liquefaction potential in Kimhae City, South Korea 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Soo Jeon ◽  
Daeyang Heo ◽  
Sang-Seung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
Secondary Damage ◽  
Yangsan Fault ◽  
The Nakdong River ◽  
High Level

Abstract. Liquefaction causes secondary damage after earthquakes; however, liquefaction related phenomena were rarely reported until after the Mw = 5.4 November 15, 2017 Pohang earthquake in Korea. Both the Mw = 5.8 September 12, 2016 Gyeongju earthquake and Mw = 5.4 November 15, 2017 Pohang earthquake occurred in the fault zone of Yangsan City (located in the south-eastern part of Korea), and both of these earthquakes induced liquefaction. Moreover, they demonstrated that Korea is not safe against the liquefaction induced by earthquakes. In this study, estimations and calculations were performed based on the distances between the centroids of administrative districts and an epicenter located at the Yangsan Fault, the peak ground accelerations (PGAs) induced by Mw = 5.0 and 6.5 earthquakes, and a liquefaction potential index (LPI) calculated based on groundwater level and standard penetration test results from 274 locations in Kimhae City (adjacent to the Nakdong river and across the Yangsan Fault). Then, a kriging method using geographical information systems was used to evaluate the liquefaction effects on the risk levels of facilities. The results indicate that a Mw = 5.0 earthquake induces a small and low level of liquefaction, resulting in slight risk for facilities, but a Mw = 6.5 earthquake induces a large and high level of liquefaction, resulting in a severe risk for facilities.

scholarly journals Assessment of the adequacy of mobile applications for disaster reduction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Navarro de Corcuera ◽  
María del Mar Barbero-Barrera ◽  
Ana Campos Hidalgo ◽  
Jorge Recio Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Language Translation ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Disaster Reduction ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Potential Index

AbstractNatural events continue to take a heavy toll on human lives. Added to this are the challenge of dynamic at-risk settings, uncertainty, and increasing threats, which demand holistic, flexible, and quickly adaptable solutions. In this context, mobile applications are strongly emerging as communication tools that can assist in disaster reduction. Yet, these have not been sufficiently evaluated. In view of this, the aim of this research is to evaluate the adequacy of mobile applications in disaster risk reduction in reference to some of the deadliest natural events. To this purpose, a two-part methodology is developed. Firstly, a random sample of applications is evaluated and contrasted with the literature. Secondly, the viability of mobile applications is determined based on the Digital Application Potential Index proposed by the authors, cross-referenced in Geographical Information Systems with the WorldRiskIndex. The results show that most mobile applications limit their coverage range to only one stage of Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and one type of hazard event, failing to address systemic risk and hampering the scale-up of humanitarian response. For these to become adequate and wide-reaching, strong policies to promote reliability, transparency, and citizen empowerment would be required. The policies establishing the use of mobile applications as a viable tool for DRM must consider reducing the prices of internet connectivity while increasing educational levels, on top of language translation. At this point, the adoption of mobile applications is unable to ensure DRM communication, especially in countries with higher-risk levels, requiring these to be complemented with auxiliary tools. Graphic abstract

A Geographical Information System (GIS) study of Triassic vertebrate biochronology

2005 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 327-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. RAYFIELD ◽  
P. M. BARRETT ◽  
R. A. McDONNELL ◽  
K. J. WILLIS
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Late Triassic ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Land Vertebrate

Geographical Information Systems (GIS) have been applied extensively to analyse spatial data relating to varied environmental issues, but have not so far been used to address biostratigraphical or macroevolutionary questions over extended spatial and temporal scales. Here, we use GIS techniques to test the stability, validity and utility of proposed Middle and Late Triassic ‘Land Vertebrate Faunachrons’ (LVFs), a global biostratigraphical framework based upon terrestrial/freshwater tetrapod occurrences. A database of tetrapod and megafloral localities was constructed for North America and Western Europe that also incorporated information on relevant palaeoenvironmental variables. This database was subjected to various spatial analysis techniques. Our GIS analysis found support at a global level for Eocyclotosaurus as an Anisian index taxon and probably Aetosaurus as a Norian indicator. Other tetrapod taxa are useful biostratigraphical/biochronological markers on a regional basis, such as Longosuchus and Doswellia for Late Carnian time. Other potential index fossils are hampered, however, by taxonomic instability (Mastodonsaurus, Metoposaurus, Typothorax, Paleorhinus, Pseudopalatus, Redondasaurus, Redondasuchus) and/or are not clearly restricted in temporal distribution (Paleorhinus, Angistorhinus, Stagonolepis, Metoposaurus and Rutiodon). This leads to instability in LVF diagnosis. We found only in the western Northern Hemisphere is there some evidence for an Anisian–Ladinian biochronological unit amalgamating the Perovkan and Berdyankian LVFs, and a possible late Carnian unit integrating the Otischalkian and Adamanian.Megaplants are generally not useful for biostratigraphical correlation in the Middle and Upper Triassic of the study area, but there is some evidence for a Carnian-age floral assemblage that corresponds to the combined Otischalkian and Adamanian LVFs. Environmental biases do not appear to strongly affect the spatial distribution of either the tetrapods or megaplants that have been proposed as index taxa in biostratigraphical schemes, though several examples of apparent environmental bias were detected by the analysis. Consequently, we argue that further revision and refinement of Middle and Late Triassic LVFs is needed before they can be used to support global or multi-regional biostratigraphical correlations. Caution should therefore be exercised when using the current scheme as a platform for macroevolutionary or palaeoecological hypotheses. Finally, this study demonstrates the potential of GIS as a powerful tool for tackling palaeontological questions over extended timescales.

scholarly journals LPI Based Earthquake Induced Soil Liquefaction Susceptibility Assessment at Probashi Palli Abasan Project Area, Tongi, Gazipur, Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
A. H. Farazi ◽  
N. Ferdous ◽  
A. S. M. M. Kamal
Keyword(s):  
Threshold Value ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Cumulative Frequency ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Project Area ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
Liquefaction Hazard ◽  
Simplified Procedure

This study aims at evaluation of seismic soil liquefaction hazard potential at Probashi Palli Abasan Project area of Tongi, Gazipur, exploiting standard penetration test (SPT) data of 15 boreholes, following Simplified Procedure. Liquefaction potential index (LPI) of each borehole was determined and then cumulative frequency distribution of clustered LPI values of each surface geology unit was determined assuming cumulative frequency at LPI = 5 as the threshold value for liquefaction initiation. By means of geotechnical investigation two surface geological units—Holocene flood plain deposits, and Pleistocene terrace deposits were identified in the study area. We predicted that 14% and 24% area of zones topped by Pleistocene terrace deposits and zones topped by Holocene flood plain deposits, respectively, would exhibit surface manifestation of liquefaction as a result of 7 magnitude earthquake. The engendered hazard map also depicts site specific liquefaction intensity through LPI values of respective boreholes, and color index, which was delineated by mapping with ArcGIS software. Very low to low, and low to high liquefaction potential, respectively, was found in the areas covered by Pleistocene terrace deposits and Holocene flood plain deposits. LPI values of both units are such that sand boils could be generated where LPI > 5.

scholarly journals Using ordered weight averaging (OWA) for multicriteria soil fertility evaluation by GIS (case study: southeast Iran)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Mokarram ◽  
Majid Hojati
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Distance Weighted

Abstract. The Multi-criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are used to provide more accurate decisions for decision makers in order to evaluate the effective factors of the natural science. One of the popular algorithms of the multi-criteria analysis is the Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA). The OWA procedure depends on some parameters which can be specified by means of the fuzzy logic. The aim of this study is to take the advantage of incorporating the fuzzy logic into GIS-based soil fertility analysis by OWA in the west of Shiraz, Fars province, Iran. In fact, different soil fertility maps with different risk level are prepared in the present study. This study introduces a method for farmers in case of make balance between their budget and their farm soil parameters. A farmer can accept more risk it can use more areas for farming and also the amount of needed budget increases too. For determining the soil fertility maps, the OWA parameters such as potassium (K), phosphor (P), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), organic carbon (OC) and zinc (Zn) were used. After generating the interpolation maps with the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), the fuzzy maps were generated by the membership functions for each parameter. Finally, by utilizing OWA, six fertility maps with different risk levels (degrees of uncertainty) were made. The results show that by decreasing the risk (no trade-off), increasing the risk, more area within the study area was suitable in terms of the soil fertility. Therefore, using OWA can generate many maps with different risk levels. This leads to different managements based on different financial conditions of farmers.

Probabilistic framework for assessing liquefaction hazard at a given site in a specified exposure time using standard penetration testing

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Hsein Juang ◽  
Chang-Yu Ou ◽  
Chih-Chieh Lu ◽  
Zhe Luo
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Time ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Probabilistic Framework ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
Liquefaction Hazard ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Standard Penetration Testing ◽  
Surface Manifestation

This paper presents a probabilistic framework for assessing the liquefaction hazard at a given site in a given exposure time. Ten sites from different seismic-prone regions of the USA are studied to validate the developed probabilistic framework. Additionally, this framework is extended from the focus of liquefaction potential at a given soil element (or finite layer) to the concern of the whole soil column based on the concept of liquefaction potential index (LPI) proposed by Iwasaki and his co-workers. In this extended framework, the probability of surface manifestation of liquefaction at a given site subjected to all ground motions at all hazard levels in a given exposure time is determined. As an example to illustrate this probabilistic framework, the widely used, standard penetration test (SPT)-based method by Youd et al. is adopted as a building block in the framework. This framework is illustrated with examples and its versatility is demonstrated. Finally, the procedure for extending the developed framework to the evaluation of ground settlement is outlined.

scholarly journals Liquefaction potential analysis in Palu Bay area

2021 ◽  
Vol 930 (1) ◽  
pp. 012077
Author(s):  
F Patriaman ◽  
T F Fathani ◽  
W Wilopo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Condition ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Command Area ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
Potential Analysis ◽  
Eastern Area ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
Liquefaction Potential Index ◽  
Potential Index

Abstract Sulawesi Island has a Palu Koro Fault that actively moves with a high displacement magnitude but low seismicity. On 28 September 2018, at 18:02 local time, an earthquake occurred in Palu Koro Shear Fault. The field investigations along the Palu coast revealed new evidence regarding the extensive liquefaction in these areas, both inland and coastal land. The research command area was located in the Palu Bay coastal area, the Province of Central Sulawesi. The data used was in the form of the Standard Penetration Test of the area, and the potential liquefaction analysis was carried out using the simplified procedure method. Furthermore, to determine the level of liquefaction potential, Liquefaction Potential Index was applied. Geological observations showed that the soil condition in the Palu Bay area was dominated by non-cohesive soil (sand). Based on the liquefaction potential analysis, it was indicated that most of the eastern region of the Palu Bay area showed no liquefaction potential. On the contrary, the western and southern parts were indicated to have liquefaction potentials. The Liquefaction Potential Index analysis results showed that the western and southern areas were dominated with extremely high liquefaction potentials. Meanwhile, in the eastern area, it was extremely low.

scholarly journals Morphological characteristics of Potentilla fruticosa in the urban ecosystem of Novosibirsk city

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 00050
Author(s):  
Anna Lugovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Disturbance ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Urban Ecosystem ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Computer Image Analysis ◽  
Potentilla Fruticosa ◽  
High Level ◽  
The City

Changes in leaf morphological characteristics in Potentilla fruticosa growing under the transport and industrial pollution conditions in the city of Novosibirsk have been studied. Leaf morphological characteristics were determined by computer image analysis using geographical information systems (GIS). It was found that, in response to anthropogenic disturbance, the size of the assimilating organs of plants decreased by a factor of 1.2-4.5 and the leaf fluctuating asymmetry increased compared to these parameters in control plants; the urban area had a high level of environmental pollution, and the control area a low level.

scholarly journals Using ordered weight averaging (OWA) for multicriteria soil fertility evaluation by GIS (case study: southeastern Iran)

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzieh Mokarram ◽  
Majid Hojati
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Multicriteria Analysis ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract. The Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are used to provide accurate information on Pedogenic processes and facilitate the work of decision makers. So, MCDA and GIS, can provide a wide range of decision strategies or scenarios in some procedures. One of the popular algorithm of multicriteria analysis is Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA). The OWA procedure depends on some parameters, which can be specified by means of fuzzy. The aim of this study is to take the advantage of the incorporation of fuzzy into GIS-based soil fertility analysis by OWA in west Shiraz, Fars province, Iran. For the determination of soil fertility maps, OWA parameters such as potassium (K), phosphor (P), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), organic carbon (OC) and zinc (Zn) were used. After generated interpolation maps with Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW), fuzzy maps for each parameter were generated by the membership functions. Finally, with OWA six maps for fertility with different risk level were made. The results show that with decreasing risk (no trade-off), almost all of the parts of the study area were not suitable for soil fertility. While increasing risk, more area was suitable in terms of soil fertility in the study area. So using OWA can generate many maps with different risk levels that lead to different management due to the different financial conditions of farmers.

Syntactical and Semantical Correctness of Pictorial Queries for GIS

2005 ◽  
pp. 671-676
Author(s):  
Fernando Ferri ◽  
Maurizio Rafanelli
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Geographical Information Systems ◽  
Query Languages ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Language Support ◽  
Visual Query ◽  
Physical Organization ◽  
Visual Query Languages ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
High Level

One of the main topics in geographical information systems (GIS) research concerns the definition of high level visual query languages (Chrisman, 2002; Laurini & Thompson, 1992). This arises from the need to provide the user with a visual interactive tool for data manipulation and retrieval that is independent of the data’s physical organization. The use of standard query languages for spatial data handling (Rigaux, Scholl, & Voisard, 2001; Shekhar et al. 1999) has been hindered by the lack of appropriate language support. In fact, in visual query languages for GIS, a query can lead to multiple interpretations (Favetta & Aufaure-Portier, 2000).

scholarly journals Probabilistic Analysis of Local Liquefaction Potential Based on Spatial Variability of SPT Data

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Random Field ◽  
Conditional Random Field ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Standard Penetration Test ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Liquefaction Potential ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Potential Index ◽  
Liquefiable Soil ◽  
Spt Data

In this paper, the spatial distribution of liquefaction potential is estimated using in-situ data from the Standard Penetration Test (SPT). For this purpose, a case study of a liquefiable soil at the Azad University of Qeshm is selected in the numerical modeling. After conducting the site investigation and determining SPT results at four boreholes, two distinct modeling approaches are implemented to evaluate the Liquefaction Potential Index (LPI) at the considered site; In the first method, the conditional random field for SPT data is generated in a layer-by-layer strategy and then, the LPI is obtained using a SPT-based empirical relations at each elemental column. On the other hand, in the second method, the LPI is first determined at each borehole location and then, this parameter is adopted as a stochastic variable in the construction of surficial conditional random field. It can be concluded that both approaches are able to capture the varying severity levels of liquefaction at most locations across the area of study. However, the comparison shows that using the first approach results in a more fluctuated LPI results with almost the same extremum values.

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