scholarly journals A morpho-tectonic approach to the study of earthquakes in Rome

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Marra ◽  
Alberto Frepoli ◽  
Dario Gioia ◽  
Marcello Schiattarella ◽  
Andrea Tertulliani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Control ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Tectonic Regime ◽  
Moderate Earthquake ◽  
Extreme Degree ◽  
Degree Of Fragmentation ◽  
Buried Faults

Abstract. Rome has the world’s longest historical record of felt earthquakes, with more than 100 events during the last 2,600 years. However, no destructive earthquake has been reported in the sources and all of the greatest damage suffered in the past has been attributed to far-field events. While this fact suggests that a moderate seismotectonic regime characterizes the Rome area, no study has provided a comprehensive explanation for the lack of strong earthquakes in the region. Through the analysis of the focal mechanism and the morphostructural setting of the epicentral area of a "typical" moderate earthquake (ML = 3.3) that recently occurred in the northern urban area of Rome, we demonstrate that this event reactivated a buried segment of an ancient fault generated under both a different and a stronger tectonic regime than that which is presently active. We also show that the evident structural control over the drainage network in this area reflects an extreme degree of fragmentation of a set of buried faults generated under two competing stress fields throughout the Pleistocene. Small faults and a present-day weaker tectonic regime with respect to that acting during the Pleistocene explain the lack of strong seismicity and imply that a large earthquake could not reasonably occur.

scholarly journals A large unknown historical earthquake in the Abruzzi region (Central Italy): combination of geological and historical data

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D'Addezio ◽  
F. R. Cinti ◽  
D. Pantosti
Keyword(s):  
Historical Data ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Historical Earthquakes ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Historical Earthquake ◽  
Recent Event ◽  
Complete Knowledge ◽  
Historical Investigation

The combination of paleoseismological and historical investigation can be used to obtain a complete knowledge of past earthquakes. In Italy the 1000 year-long record of historical earthquakes provides an opportunity to compare data from the catalogue with results from paleoseismologic investigations. Trenching results along the Ovindoli-Pezza Fault (OPF). in the Abruzzi region. showed two surface faulting events. The most recent of these events occurred after 1019 A.D. and should be reported in the Catalogue of Italian Seismicity. Nevertheless, the earthquake appears to be missed or not well located in the Catalogue. In order to define in which century a large earthquake on the OPF should have clearly left a sign in the historical record, we carried out historical investigations back to the XI century. The studies were mainly focu5ed on disclosing possible <<negative>> e vidence for the occurrence of the most recent event along the OPF. No clear records related to this event were found but on the basis of the information we obtained the occurrence of this earthquake can be constrained between 1019 A.D. and the XV century. possibly between 1019 A.D. and XIII century.

The Prediction of the Earthquake Trend in Taiwan and Sichuan Region Based on the Neutral Network Model and Seismic Change Rate

2011 ◽  
Vol 204-210 ◽  
pp. 994-999
Author(s):  
Wei Li ◽  
Shao Ying Huang ◽  
Jian Feng Qiu ◽  
Xing Chang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Network Model ◽  
Neural Network Model ◽  
Earthquake Catalog ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Change Rate ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
The Neural Network ◽  
Moderate Earthquake ◽  
Sichuan Region

We recently proposed a technique able to analyze the trend of the seismic activity by combining neural network model and seismic factors. In this paper, a variation of seismicity was introduced to reflect the corresponding vary of the frequency of earthquake. This variation was used as the precursor of future moderate earthquake. The time intervals of earthquake will be obtained through training the neural network. Then we judge the occurrence of strong earthquakes according to the time intervals. Finally, some statistical researches were made by using the method for the earthquake catalog in Sichuan and Taiwan in China. Through this above, we verify the validity of this method and state the general steps of this method.

scholarly journals A revision of the 1783–1784 Calabrian (southern Italy) tsunamis

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Graziani ◽  
A. Maramai ◽  
S. Tinti
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
The Third ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Seismic Crisis ◽  
Values Distribution

Abstract. Southern Italy is one of the most tsunamigenic areas in the Mediterranean basin, having experienced during centuries a large number of tsunamis, some of which very destructive. In particular, the most exposed zone here is the Messina Straits separating the coasts of Calabria and Sicily that was the theatre of the strongest Italian events. In 1783–1785 Calabria was shaken by the most violent and persistent seismic crisis occurred in the last 2000 years. Five very strong earthquakes, followed by tsunamis, occurred in a short interval of time (February–March 1783), causing destruction and a lot of victims in a vast region embracing the whole southern Calabria and the Messina area, Sicily. In this study we re-examined these events by taking into account all available historical sources. In particular, we focussed on the 5 and 6 February 1783 tsunamis, that were the most destructive. As regards the 5 February event, we found that it was underestimated and erroneously considered a minor event. On the contrary, the analysis of the sources revealed that in some localities the tsunami effects were quite strong. The 6 February tsunami, the strongest one of the sequence, was due to a huge earthquake-induced rockfall and killed more than 1500 people in the Calabrian village of Scilla. For this event the inundated area and the runup values distribution were estimated. Further, the analysis of the historical sources allowed us to find three new tsunamis that passed previously unnoticed and that occurred during this seismic period. The first one occurred a few hours before the large earthquake of 5 February 1783. The second was generated by a rockfall on 24 March 1783. Finally, the third occurred on 9 January 1784, probably due to a submarine earthquake.

Source mechanism and aftershock study of the Colima, Mexico earthquake of January 30, 1973

1979 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 1819-1840
Author(s):  
A. Reyes ◽  
J. N. Brune ◽  
Cinna Lomnitz
Keyword(s):  
Plate Tectonics ◽  
Focal Depth ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Seismic Gap ◽  
Fault Plane Solutions ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Middle America Trench ◽  
Source Dimensions ◽  
Middle America ◽  
Set Up

abstract The Colima earthquake (magnitude 7.5) occurred just inland from the Middle America Trench, 110 km south of the Volcan de Colima and 160 km southeast of Manzanillo, Colima, Mexico. Damage at several cities and towns was severe, 30 people were killed, and hundreds were injured. Four days after the earthquake, a six-station portable seismograph array was set up in the epicentral area as part of a cooperative program between UCSD, the University of Mexico, and the Mexican Federal Power Commission. From about 330 aftershocks recorded in the following 212 weeks, accurate locations were obtained for 50. One large aftershock had a magnitude of 6.2, the others range in local magnitude from 1.5 to 4.5. The locations outline a region approximately 90 km long and 60 km wide, in nearly the same location as the aftershock zone inferred by Kelleher et al. (1973) for the 1941 earthquake. The focal depth of the aftershocks (ranging from 2 to 30 km) and the fault-plane solutions for the main event indicated a shallow dipping thrust plane (about 30°). The seismic moment estimated from mantle rayleigh waves is 3 × 1027 dyne-cm. The pattern of aftershocks was used to estimate the source dimensions. From the moment and source dimensions the average slip was estimated to be about 1.4 m, corresponding to a stress drop of about 8 bars. The occurrence of this earthquake is discussed in terms of the general seismicity of the Middle America Trench, the convergence rate predicted by plate tectonics, and the use of seismic gap theory for earthquake prediction. The fact that this earthquake may have been in the zone of the 1941 earthquake rather than in the adjacent seismic gap, suggests that caution must be taken in using seismic gap theory to predict earthquakes in the region. It further suggests that in the adjacent seismic gap a large earthquake may be eminent, and thus the gap may be an important area for deploying seismic instruments.

scholarly journals Liquefaction phenomena along the paleo-Reno River caused by the May 20, 2012, Emilia (northern Italy) earthquake

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgos Papathanassiou ◽  
Riccardo Caputo ◽  
Dimitra Rapti-Caputo
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Ground Acceleration ◽  
Po River ◽  
Maximum Acceleration ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Moderate Earthquake ◽  
Dense Grid

<p>On the May 20, 2012 (04:03:52 local time; 02:03:52 UTC), a moderate earthquake (Ml 5.9) [Scognamiglio et al. 2012, this volume] with a focal mechanism showing E-W-trending, S-dipping, reverse-faulting occurred in the eastern sector of the alluvial plain of the Po River, close to the border between the Regions of Emilia-Romagna and Lombardia (northern Italy). The tectonic structure is completely blind, but it was well known from a dense grid of seismic profiles for hydrocarbon explorations [e.g., Pieri and Groppi 1981, Toscani et al. 2009]. The earthquake triggered extensive liquefaction-induced ground effects at the surface, and caused severe structural damage to nonreinforced masonry and precast industrial buildings within the broader epicentral area. The hypocenter was at 44.89 ˚N, 11.23 ˚E, at a depth of 6.3 km [Scognamiglio et al. 2012], while the maximum acceleration was recorded in Mirandola, with peak ground acceleration 310 cm/s2 and 264 cm/s2 along the vertical and horizontal components, respectively [Bozzoni et al. 2012, this volume]. In this report, we focus on a zone including the Sant'A-gostino, San Carlo and Mirabello villages (west Ferrara Province), which were built along an abandoned reach of the Reno River and where liquefaction phenomena were particularly diffuse, with very intense local effects. […]</p>

Structural Damage in the March 2005 Nias-Simeulue Earthquake

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 419-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teddy Boen
Keyword(s):  
Structural Damage ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Earthquake Damage ◽  
Sumatra Earthquake ◽  
Epicentral Area

Nias and Simeulue islands, which are west of Sumatra, suffered structural damage, largely from shaking, during a large earthquake on 28 March 2005. This earthquake occurred in roughly the same epicentral area as the 26 December 2004 Great Sumatra earthquake. Within a few days of the 28 March earthquake, a team set out from Jakarta to survey the earthquake damage on both islands.

scholarly journals Comparison of ground motions estimated from prediction equations and from observed damage during the <i>M</i> = 4.6 1983 Liège earthquake (Belgium)

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1983-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. García Moreno ◽  
T. Camelbeeck
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Fragility Curves ◽  
Ground Motions ◽  
Gravitational Acceleration ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Moderate Earthquake ◽  
Spectral Accelerations ◽  
Observed Damage

Abstract. On 8 November 1983 an earthquake of magnitude 4.6 damaged more than 16 000 buildings in the region of Liège (Belgium). The extraordinary damage produced by this earthquake, considering its moderate magnitude, is extremely well documented, giving the opportunity to compare the consequences of a recent moderate earthquake in a typical old city of Western Europe with scenarios obtained by combining strong ground motions and vulnerability modelling. The present study compares 0.3 s spectral accelerations estimated from ground motion prediction equations typically used in Western Europe with those obtained locally by applying the statistical distribution of damaged masonry buildings to two fragility curves, one derived from the HAZUS programme of FEMA (FEMA, 1999) and another developed for high-vulnerability buildings by Lang and Bachmann (2004), and to a method proposed by Faccioli et al. (1999) relating the seismic vulnerability of buildings to the damage and ground motions. The results of this comparison reveal good agreement between maxima spectral accelerations calculated from these vulnerability and fragility curves and those predicted from attenuation law equations, suggesting peak ground accelerations for the epicentral area of the 1983 earthquake of 0.13–0.20 g (g: gravitational acceleration).

scholarly journals TECTONIC POSITION, SISMOLOGICAL AND GEOLOGICAL MANIFESTATION OF 7 SEPTEMBER 2009 ONI?II EARTHQUAKE FOCUS ON THE SOUTHERN SLOPES OF THE GREAT CAUCASUS

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.А. Рогожин
Keyword(s):  
Main Shock ◽  
Focal Depth ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Epicentral Area ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Tectonic Position ◽  
South Slope ◽  
Racha Earthquake

В статье приведены сейсмологические и сейсмотектонические материалы о главном толчке и афтершоках Онийского-II землетрясения 7 сентября 2009 г. с Мs = 5,8 на южном склоне Большого Кавказа. Положение облака эпицентров основного толчка и афтершоков совпадает с северной ветвью очаговой зоны Рачинского землетрясения 29.04.1991 г. с МS = 7,0, I0 = 7-8. Глубина гипоцентра основного толчка составляет 8?15 км. В качестве действующей в очаге принята пологая плоскость, погружающаяся в север – северо-восточном направлении. Тип подвижки по такой плоскости – надвиг с компонентами правостороннего сдвига. Сейсмодислокации носили вторичный, гравитационный характер. Результаты палеосейсмологические исследований, проведенных в восточной части эпицентральной области, Рачинского землетрясения, показали, что в этом сейсмической очаге и раньше происходили сильне сейсмические толчки. Согласно полученным данням возраст предыдущего сильного землетрясения в Рача-Джавской зоне (т. е. до 1991 г.) – около 2000 лет назад. Еще одно, болем древнее событие произошло около 6000 лет назад. Период повторяемости сильних землетрясений, подобных катастрофе 1991 г., таким образом, составляет в среднем 2000-3000 лет. The article provides seismological and seismotectonic materials about the main shock and aftershocks of the Oni-II earthquake of 7 September 2009, with MS = 5,8 on the South slope of the Greater Caucasus. The position of the cloud of epicenters of the main shock and aftershocks coincides with the northern branch of the focal zone of 29.04.1991 Racha earthquake, MS = 7,0, I0 = 7?8. The focal depth of the main shock is 8 to 15 km. As the active in the focus adopted the sloping plane, plunging to the North – North-East direction. Type progress on such a plane – thrust with component of right-lateral strike-slip. Seismodislocationswere of secondary gravitational nature. The results of paleoseismological studies conducted in the Eastern part of the epicentral area of the Racha earthquake, showed that this seismic source the strong seismic shocks happened before. According to the obtained data, the age of the previous strong earthquake in the Racha – Dzhava zone (i.e., before 1991) – about 2000 years ago. Another, more ancient event occurred about 6,000 years ago. The recurrence period of strong earthquakes, similar to the disaster of 1991, thus, is an average of 2000?3000 years.

scholarly journals Calibration Of Regional Vulnerability Functions By Applying Earthquake Events Database

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Nina I. Frolova ◽  
Valery I. Larionov ◽  
Jean Bonnin ◽  
Sergey P. Sushchev ◽  
Alexander N. Ugarov
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Calibration Procedure ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Regional Vulnerability ◽  
Earthquake Vulnerability ◽  
Collapsed Buildings ◽  
Vulnerability Functions

The paper describes the structure and content of the Information System database containing information on earthquake events, which is developed and supported within the framework of computer support for the EMERCOM of the Russian Federation. The database is assigned to provide analytical support for decision making in case of an emergency situation, including tools for mathematical simulation of hazardous excitation, the response of elements at risk to excitation and loss generation. The calibration procedure of the earthquake vulnerability functions for buildings and structures using the database with descriptions of events is presented. The calibrated functions of earthquake vulnerability for buildings of different types are applied to provide an acceptable accuracy of situational assessments for the case of a strong earthquake. The examples of earthquake damage estimations for the test site in Siberia showed that region-specific parameters in the vulnerability functions yield more reliable results to estimate possible damage and losses due to a large earthquake. For Irkutsk City, the estimates of the numbers of heavily damaged and completely collapsed buildings obtained when using different sets of parameters for vulnerability functions differ by 30%. Such difference in damage estimates can significantly affect the plans for rescue and recovery operations. The conclusion is made about the advantage of the calibrated functions application for near real-time damage and loss assessment due to strong earthquakes in order to ensure population safety and territory sustainable development.

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