scholarly journals A revision of the 1783–1784 Calabrian (southern Italy) tsunamis

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1053-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Graziani ◽  
A. Maramai ◽  
S. Tinti
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Large Earthquake ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
The Third ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Seismic Crisis ◽  
Values Distribution

Abstract. Southern Italy is one of the most tsunamigenic areas in the Mediterranean basin, having experienced during centuries a large number of tsunamis, some of which very destructive. In particular, the most exposed zone here is the Messina Straits separating the coasts of Calabria and Sicily that was the theatre of the strongest Italian events. In 1783–1785 Calabria was shaken by the most violent and persistent seismic crisis occurred in the last 2000 years. Five very strong earthquakes, followed by tsunamis, occurred in a short interval of time (February–March 1783), causing destruction and a lot of victims in a vast region embracing the whole southern Calabria and the Messina area, Sicily. In this study we re-examined these events by taking into account all available historical sources. In particular, we focussed on the 5 and 6 February 1783 tsunamis, that were the most destructive. As regards the 5 February event, we found that it was underestimated and erroneously considered a minor event. On the contrary, the analysis of the sources revealed that in some localities the tsunami effects were quite strong. The 6 February tsunami, the strongest one of the sequence, was due to a huge earthquake-induced rockfall and killed more than 1500 people in the Calabrian village of Scilla. For this event the inundated area and the runup values distribution were estimated. Further, the analysis of the historical sources allowed us to find three new tsunamis that passed previously unnoticed and that occurred during this seismic period. The first one occurred a few hours before the large earthquake of 5 February 1783. The second was generated by a rockfall on 24 March 1783. Finally, the third occurred on 9 January 1784, probably due to a submarine earthquake.

A Review on Adenocarpus mannii; a Main Species of the Genus Adenocarpus

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Blaise K. Nganou ◽  
Jubie Selvaraj ◽  
Pierre Tane ◽  
Alex Nchiozem ◽  
Ingrid Simo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The Third ◽  
West Region ◽  
South West ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
Chemotaxonomic Markers ◽  
Phytochemical Studies

: The fabaceae are rooted in rosaceae pods known as "vegetables" by the early botanists. They are the third family of angiosperms which includes 642 genus divided into about 18,000 species. The fabaceae family is known as the most important family of the ecosystem as it is indispensable in medicine, agriculture, industry and livestock. The Adenocarpus genus has about 50 species that are frequently found in tropical regions of Northern Africa, the southern part of West Europe and in the central and southern Italy. They are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases: such as microbial infections, leprosy, scabies, acne, malaria and other plants species are used in agriculture as insecticidal properties. Mainly Adenocarpus mannii species is well represented in the tropical regions of North Africa. It occurs in Angola, Mozambique, Malawi, Guinea, South Africa, Tanzania, and Burundi. In Cameroon, it is encountered in South West Region and West Region. Previous phytochemical studies led to the isolation of several classes of compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids and triterpenes. Several studies report the phytochemical studies on genus Adenocarpus and chemotaxonomic markers of species of this genus. Herein, we outline all the botanical, pharmacological and phytochemical aspects of Adenocarpus mannii. A brief introduction about fabaceae and the genus Adenocarpus has also been included.

scholarly journals Rapid Spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Concern 202012/01 in Southern Italy (December 2020–March 2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4766
Author(s):  
Daniela Loconsole ◽  
Francesca Centrone ◽  
Caterina Morcavallo ◽  
Silvia Campanella ◽  
Anna Sallustio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Gene Target ◽  
The Third ◽  
Rapid Spread ◽  
Pharmaceutical Interventions ◽  
Over Time

Epidemiological and virological studies have revealed that SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) are emerging globally, including in Europe. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spread of B.1.1.7-lineage SARS-CoV-2 in southern Italy from December 2020–March 2021 through the detection of the S gene target failure (SGTF), which could be considered a robust proxy of VOC B.1.1.7. SGTF was assessed on 3075 samples from week 52/2020 to week 10/2021. A subset of positive samples identified in the Apulia region during the study period was subjected to whole-genome sequencing (WGS). A descriptive and statistical analysis of the demographic and clinical characteristics of cases according to SGTF status was performed. Overall, 20.2% of samples showed SGTF; 155 strains were confirmed as VOC 202012/01 by WGS. The proportion of SGTF-positive samples rapidly increased over time, reaching 69.2% in week 10/2021. SGTF-positive cases were more likely to be symptomatic and to result in hospitalization (p < 0.0001). Despite the implementation of large-scale non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such as the closure of schools and local lockdowns, a rapid spread of VOC 202012/01 was observed in southern Italy. Strengthened NPIs and rapid vaccine deployment, first among priority groups and then among the general population, are crucial both to contain the spread of VOC 202012/01 and to flatten the curve of the third wave.

scholarly journals Ecological Effects of Perorally Administered Pivmecillinam on the Normal Vaginal Microflora

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Åsa Sullivan ◽  
Aino Fianu-Jonasson ◽  
Britt-Marie Landgren ◽  
Carl Erik Nord
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ecological Impact ◽  
Menstrual Cycles ◽  
The Third ◽  
Vaginal Microflora ◽  
Normal Microflora ◽  
Facultative Anaerobic ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACT The knowledge of the effects of antimicrobial agents on the normal vaginal microflora is limited. The objective of the present study was to study the ecological impact of pivmecillinam on the normal vaginal microflora. In 20 healthy women, the estimated day of ovulation was determined during three subsequent menstrual cycles. Microbiological and clinical examinations were performed on the estimated day of ovulation and on day 3 in all cycles and also on day 7 after ovulation in cycles 1 and 2. Anaerobic and facultative anaerobic gram-positive rods, mainly species of lactobacilli and actinomycetes, dominated the microflora. One woman was colonized on the third day of administration with a resistant Escherichia coli strain, and Candida albicans was detected in one woman on days 3 and 7 in cycle 2. No other major changes in the normal microflora occurred during the study. Administration of pivmecillinam had a minor ecological impact on the normal vaginal microflora.

“A composItIon wrItten wIthout creatIve lImItatIons” – Wanda Landowska and concerto for harpsichord and five instruments by ManueL de Falla (1923)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (15) ◽  
pp. 67-107
Author(s):  
Ines R. Artola
Keyword(s):  
Strict Sense ◽  
Sonata Form ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
20Th Century Music ◽  
The Third ◽  
Word Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

The aim of the present article is the analysis of Concerto for harpsichord and five instruments by Manuel de Falla – a piece which was dedicated by the composer to Wanda Landowska, an outstanding Polish harpsichord player. The piece was meant to commemorate the friendship these two artists shared as well as their collaboration. Written in the period of 1923-1926, the Concerto was the first composition in the history of 20th century music where harpsichord was the soloist instrument. The first element of the article is the context in which the piece was written. We shall look into the musical influences that shaped its form. On the one hand, it was the music of the past: from Cancionero Felipe Pedrell through mainly Bach’s polyphony to works by Scarlatti which preceded the Classicism (this influence is particularly noticeable in the third movement of the Concerto). On the other hand, it was music from the time of de Falla: first of all – Neo-Classicism and works by Stravinsky. The author refers to historical sources – critics’ reviews, testimonies of de Falla’s contemporaries and, obviously, his own remarks as to the interpretation of the piece. Next, Inés R. Artola analyses the score in the strict sense of the word “analysis”. In this part of the article, she quotes specific fragments of the composition, which reflect both traditional musical means (counterpoint, canon, Scarlatti-style sonata form, influence of old popular music) and the avant-garde ones (polytonality, orchestration, elements of neo-classical harmony).

The Camenae in Cult, History, and Song*

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Hardie
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
Agent Of Change ◽  
Law Making

This essay aims to redefine the place of the Camenae within the evolution of Roman carmen. It analyses the documented association of the purifying fons Camenarum with the cult of Vesta and by extension with the salvific prayer-carmina of her virgines; and it takes the Camenae from the archaic origins of their cult, with reflections on Etruscan and other territorial interests, to their appearance in the epic laudes of men in the third and second centuries BC. The identification of Camenae and Muses, it is argued, pre-dates Livius Andronicus' “Camena,” and is best understood as a component of the Numa-legend as it emerged towards the end of the fourth century. Pythagorean Muse-cult, reflecting the Muses' traditional interest in civic homonoia (concord) and law-making kings, played a part; and an agent of change was the reformist Appius Claudius Caecus, author of the first attested Roman carmen. The wider context lies in the cultural interplay of Rome, Etruria, and Greek southern Italy in the early and middle Republic.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Olives Cultivated in Southern Italy by Simple Sequence Repeat Markers

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 582-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Innocenzo Muzzalupo ◽  
Francesca Stefanizzi ◽  
Enzo Perri
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Clustering Algorithm ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Olive Cultivars ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Simple Sequence ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Olive (Olea europaea L.) is a species of great economic importance in the Mediterranean basin. Italy is very important for the olive industry; in fact, olive's genetic patrimony is very rich and characterized by an abundance of cultivars. At present, the majority of ancient landraces are vegetatively propagated by farm. It is likely that the number of cultivars is underestimated because of inadequate information on minor local cultivars that are widespread in different olive-growing areas. The existence of many cultivars reinforces the need for a reliable identification method. It is important to improve the ex situ plant germplasm collection and fairly to characterize all cultivars for future breeding programs. In the present report, we used 11 loci microsatellites to characterize 211 olive cultivars of an olive collection cultivated in six regions of southern Italy. These regions represent the major area for olive cultivation in Italy and have a strategic geographical location in the Mediterranean basin. The dendrogram obtained, using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering algorithm, depicts the pattern of relationships between the studied cultivars. There is a clear structuring of the variability relative to the geographic origin of olive cultivars. This work, for the very high number of the Italian olive cultivars analyzed, highlights the degree and distribution of genetic diversity of this species for better exploitation of olive resources and for the design of plant breeding programs. Besides, the use of molecular markers, like simple sequence repeats, is imperative to build a database for cultivar analysis, for traceability of processed food, and for appropriate management of olive germplasm collections.

scholarly journals Integrating macroseismic intensity distributions with a probabilistic approach: an application in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2299-2311
Author(s):  
Andrea Antonucci ◽  
Andrea Rovida ◽  
Vera D'Amico ◽  
Dario Albarello
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Intensity Prediction ◽  
Macroseismic Intensities ◽  
Earthquake Effects ◽  
Available Information

Abstract. The geographic distribution of earthquake effects quantified in terms of macroseismic intensities, the so-called macroseismic field, provides basic information for several applications including source characterization of pre-instrumental earthquakes and risk analysis. Macroseismic fields of past earthquakes as inferred from historical documentation may present spatial gaps, due to the incompleteness of the available information. We present a probabilistic approach aimed at integrating incomplete intensity distributions by considering the Bayesian combination of estimates provided by intensity prediction equations (IPEs) and data documented at nearby localities, accounting for the relevant uncertainties and the discrete and ordinal nature of intensity values. The performance of the proposed methodology is tested at 28 Italian localities with long and rich seismic histories and for two well-known strong earthquakes (i.e., 1980 southern Italy and 2009 central Italy events). A possible application of the approach is also illustrated relative to a 16th-century earthquake in the northern Apennines.

scholarly journals Cerebrovascular Response to an Acute Bout of Short Interval High Intensity Interval Exercise and Recovery in Healthy Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicen A. Whitaker ◽  
Stacey E. Aaron ◽  
Carolyn S. Kaufman ◽  
Brady K. Kurtz ◽  
Stephen X. Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Short Interval ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Acute Bout ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
The Third ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
End Tidal

Introduction: High intensity interval exercise (HIIE) is performed widely. However, the field possesses limited knowledge regarding the acute HIIE cerebrovascular response. Our objective was to characterize the middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv) response during an acute bout of short interval HIIE in healthy adults. We hypothesized MCAv would decrease below BL 1) during HIIE, 2) following HIIE, 3) and 30-minutes after HIIE. As a secondary objective, we investigated sex differences in the MCAv response during HIIE. Methods: Fourteen healthy adults (7 male) completed the HIIE session. The 10-minute HIIE session included alternating 1-minute bouts of high-intensity and low-intensity intervals. MCAv, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and expired end tidal carbon dioxide (PETCO2), were recorded at BL, during HIIE, following HIIE, and 30-minutes after HIIE. Results: Contrary to our hypothesis, MCAv remained above BL for the HIIE duration. MCAv peaked at the third minute then decreased concomitantly with PETCO2. MCAv was lower than BL after HIIE (p=0.03). Thirty minutes after HIIE, MCAv returned to near BL values (p = 0.47). Women showed higher BL MCAv (x = 70.9 ± 8.1 cm/s) compared to men (x = 59.3 ± 5.8 cm/s, p = 0.01). A greater magnitude of MCAv response was observed in men resulting in non-significant differences during HIIE secondary to higher workload (p = 0.03). Conclusions: Collectively, these findings show that in healthy adults, MCAv remained above BL during a 10-minute short-interval HIIE and returned to resting values 30 minutes after exercise.

Minor Dynasties of Early Mediaeval Bengal According to Epigraphical Data: the Dynasty of Varmans (ca. 1050-1125 AD)

2021 ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Stolyarov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Condition ◽  
Land Grant ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Land Grants ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Feudal Lord ◽  
Commodity Money ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
Peace And War

The paper presents a description of the socio-political and economic condition of South-Eastern Bengal in a relatively short period at the cusp of the 11th and 12th centuries, when the dynasty of Varmans ruled there. It is based on the data contained in their inscriptions. Altogether the period of the dynasty&apos;s reign did not exceed ¾ century. During this time four rulers succeeded the throne, namely Jatavarman, his both sons – Harivarman and Samalavarman, and also Bhojavarman, the son of the latter. There are seven historical sources ascribed to the dynasty, among them two manuscripts and five inscriptions. These five inscriptions contain three land-grant charters, and two inscriptions on large objects. Three land-grant charters are compiled on behalf of Harivarman, Samalavarman and Bhojavarman, while two inscriptions on large objects are dated back to the reigns of Harivarman and Bhojavarman. The first two of the three charters are poorly preserved; therefore, they cannot be deciphered in full, only the charter of Bhojavarman can be read moderately well. Of the two inscriptions on large objects, one is a panegyric of Bhatta Bhavadeva, who was the minister of peace and war of Harivarman, and the other was compiled on behalf of a minor feudal lord during the reign of Bhojavarman The dynasty&apos;s charters show that Varmans were a ‘regional’ dynasty whose interests did not extend beyond Bengal. Their status allowed them to give land-grants on their own; at the same time, they may be considered as minor independent rulers who constitute the orbit of the regional hegemon – the Pāla dynasty. In turn, the inscriptions on large objects ascribed to the dynasty of Varmans speak for the existence of a system of the hierarchical administration in their principality, as well as the existence of developed commodity-money relations and intensive social and economic ties of the territories controlled by the Varman with the rest of Bengal as well as with other regions of not only India, but probably with more distant countries. It should also be emphasized that their inscriptions witness the earliest evidence of the presence of Muslims in Bengal.

Woolf’s Imaginarium: Exploring Virginia Woolf’s Legacy to Contemporary Polish Culture

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Pająk
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Feminist Studies ◽  
Women Intellectuals ◽  
The Third ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
A Minor

In recent years, the popularity of Virginia Woolf’s oeuvre has substantially increased in Poland. There has been little prior attempt to explain this phenomenon, although it could be beneficial to comparative literature and feminist studies. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to examine the significance of Virginia Woolf’s legacy to contemporary Polish culture, as well as the possible causes of the “Woolf’s Renaissance”. As Urszula Terentowicz-Fotyga has pointed out, until the late 1980s., Woolf remained relatively unknown and perceived as a minor modernist writer. Yet, the third phase of her reception (1990s-present) has brought a significant change, which finally led to the outburst of translations and popularity of Woolf’s works. One result of this “Woolf’s Renaissance” is the influence of Woolf’s legacy on contemporary literature and feminism in Poland. Woolf’s imaginairum has inspired many women writers, such as Joanna Bator, Sylwia Chutnik, Izabela Morska, and Maria Nurowska. It would seem that the popularity of Woolf among Polish women intellectuals stems from the similarity between her opposition to Victorian patriarchal society and their resistance against the radical Catholic conservatism and nationalism in Poland. Besides, the polyphony of Woolf’s oeuvre and the complexity of her biography invite the writers to enter the intertextual dialogue with the author.

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