scholarly journals Fatalities associated with the severe weather conditions in the Czech Republic, 2000–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1355-1382
Author(s):  
Rudolf Brázdil ◽  
Kateřina Chromá ◽  
Lukáš Dolák ◽  
Jan Řehoř ◽  
Ladislava Řezníčková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Data Uncertainty ◽  
Daily Newspaper ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Convective Storms ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Documentary Sources

Abstract. This paper presents an analysis of fatalities attributable to weather conditions in the Czech Republic during the 2000–2019 period. The database of fatalities deployed contains information extracted from Právo, a leading daily newspaper, and Novinky.cz, its internet equivalent, supplemented by a number of other documentary sources. The analysis is performed for floods, windstorms, convective storms, rain, snow, glaze ice, frost, heat, and fog. For each of them, the associated fatalities are investigated in terms of annual frequencies, trends, annual variation, spatial distribution, cause, type, place, and time as well as the sex, age, and behaviour of casualties. There were 1164 weather-related fatalities during the 2000–2019 study period, exhibiting a statistically significant falling trend. Those attributable to frost (31 %) predominated, followed by glaze ice, rain, and snow. Fatalities were at their maximum in January and December and at their minimum in April and September. Fatalities arising out of vehicle accidents (48 %) predominated in terms of structure, followed by freezing or hypothermia (30 %). Most deaths occurred during the night. Adults (65 %) and males (72 %) accounted for the majority of fatalities, while indirect fatalities were more frequent than direct ones (55 % to 45 %). Hazardous behaviour accounted for 76 %. According to the database of the Czech Statistical Office, deaths caused by exposure to excessive natural cold are markedly predominant among five selected groups of weather-related fatalities, and their numbers exhibit a statistically significant rise during 2000–2019. Police yearbooks of the fatalities arising out of vehicle accidents indicate significantly decreasing trends in the frequency of inclement weather patterns associated with fatal accidents as well as a decrease in their percentage in annual numbers of fatalities. The discussion of results includes the problems of data uncertainty, comparison of different data sources, and the broader context.

scholarly journals Fatalities associated with the weather in the Czech Republic, 2000–2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Brázdil ◽  
Kateřina Chromá ◽  
Lukáš Dolák ◽  
Jan Řehoř ◽  
Ladislava Řezníčková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Significant Rise ◽  
Data Uncertainty ◽  
Daily Newspaper ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Convective Storms ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Documentary Sources

Abstract. This paper presents an analysis of fatalities attributable to weather conditions in the Czech Republic during the 2000–2019 period. The database of fatalities deployed contains information extracted from Právo, a leading daily newspaper, and Novinky.cz, its internet equivalent, supplemented by a number of other documentary sources. The analysis is performed for floods, windstorms, convective storms, rain, snow, glaze ice, frost, heat, and fog. For each of them, the associated fatalities are investigated in terms of annual frequencies, trends, annual variation, spatial distribution, cause, type, place, and time, as well as the sex, age, and behaviour of casualties. There were 1164 weather-related fatalities during the 2000–2019 study period, exhibiting a statistically significant falling trend. Those attributable to frost (31 %) predominated, followed by glaze ice, rain and snow. Fatalities were at their maximum in January and December and at their minimum in April and September. Fatalities arising out of vehicle accidents (48 %) predominated in terms of structure, followed by freezing or hypothermia (30 %). Most deaths occurred during the night. Adults (65 %) and males (72 %) accounted for the majority of fatalities, while indirect fatalities were more frequent than direct ones (55 % to 45 %). Hazardous behaviour accounted for 76 %. According to the database of the Czech Statistical Office, deaths caused by exposure to excessive natural cold are markedly predominant among five selected groups of weather-related fatalities and their numbers exhibit a statistically significant rise during 2000–2019. Police yearbooks of the fatalities arising out of vehicle accidents indicate significantly decreasing trends in the frequency of inclement weather patterns associated with fatal accidents, as well as a decrease in their percentage in annual numbers of fatalities. The discussion of results includes the problems of data uncertainty, comparison of different data sources, and the broader context.

Documentary data in the study of fatalities caused by meteorological and hydrological events: the Czech Republic, 1964–2019

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateřina Chromá ◽  
Rudolf Brázdil ◽  
Lukáš Dolák ◽  
Jan Řehoř ◽  
Ladislava Řezníčková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Data Uncertainty ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Uncertainty Factors ◽  
Convective Storms ◽  
Documentary Data ◽  
Epigraphic Evidence

<p>Reports from the newspaper “Rudé právo/Právo”, complemented by chronicles, epigraphic evidence, systematic meteorological/hydrological observations, media (including internet), professional reports and papers were used to create a database of fatalities taking place in the course of hydrological and meteorological events over the territory of the Czech Republic during the 1964–2019 period. The spatiotemporal variability of fatalities arising out of floods, flash floods, windstorms, convective storms, lightning, frosts, snow/glaze-ice calamities, avalanches, heats and other events is shown, with particular attention to closer characterisation of fatalities (gender, age, cause of death, place, type of death and behaviour). In the classification of fatalities, males and adults clearly prevail, while indirect victims and hazardous behaviour are strongly represented. Examples of two outstanding events with the highest numbers of fatalities during a flash flood on 9 June 1970 (34 fatalities) and a rain-induced flood in July 1997 (60 fatalities) are described in detail. Discussion of results includes the problem of data uncertainty, factors influencing the numbers of fatalities, and the broader context. The study emphasises the significance of documentary data and reveals its new utilisation in the study of fatalities in the Czech Republic.</p>

scholarly journals Forecasting system for infection risk of phoma stem canker in selected regions of the Czech Republic in 2009–2011 

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 8-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Poslušná ◽  
E. Plachká
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Phoma Stem Canker ◽  
Ascospore Release ◽  
Forecasting System

In the period 2009&ndash;2011 monitoring of the incidence of phoma stem canker was carried out at selected sites of the Czech Republic (&Scaron;umperk and Opava regions in North Moravia). The risk of infection was evaluated by assessing the autumn release of&nbsp;Leptosphaeria&nbsp;spp. ascospores and with the proPlant prediction model. In recent years, the incidence of phoma stem canker has been relatively low and this corresponded with the total count of ascospores released in the autumn period but not with an increased level of infection risk announced by the proPlant model. During the monitored period the ascospore concentration reached maximally 2 ascospores/1 m<sup>3</sup>&nbsp;per day. Maximum ascospore release was recorded in 2010 as a result of favourable weather conditions. The first incidence of phoma leaf spot has been observed in mid-October. The higher values of ascospores concentration were recorded in the Opava region, but the total number of the trapped ascospores was more often higher in the &Scaron;umperk region.&nbsp;

scholarly journals Potential of Documentary Evidence to Study Fatalities of Hydrological and Meteorological Events in the Czech Republic

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brázdil ◽  
Chromá ◽  
Řehoř ◽  
Zahradníček ◽  
Dolák ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Data Uncertainty ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Convective Storm ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Epigraphic Evidence

This paper presents the potential of documentary evidence for enhancing the study of fatalities taking place in the course of hydrological and meteorological events (HMEs). Chronicles, “books of memory”, weather diaries, newspapers (media), parliamentary proposals, epigraphic evidence, systematic meteorological/hydrological observations, and professional papers provide a broad base for gathering such information in the Czech Republic, especially since 1901. The spatiotemporal variability of 269 fatalities in the Czech Republic arising out of 103 HMEs (flood, flash flood, windstorm, convective storm, lightning, frost, snow/glaze-ice calamity, heat, and other events) in the 1981–2018 period is presented, with particular attention to closer characterisation of fatalities (gender, age, cause of death, place, type of death, and behaviour). Examples of three outstanding events with the highest numbers of fatalities (severe frosts in the extremely cold winter of 1928/1929, a flash flood on 9 June 1970, and a rain flood in July 1997) are described in detail. Discussion of results includes the problem of data uncertainty, factors influencing the numbers of fatalities, and the broader context. Since floods are responsible for the highest proportion of HME-related deaths, places with fatalities are located mainly around rivers and drowning appears as the main cause of death. In the further classification of fatalities, males and adults clearly prevail, while indirect victims and hazardous behaviour are strongly represented.

scholarly journals The incidence and spreading of Macrophomina phaseolina(Tassi) Goidanovich on sunflower in the Czech Republic

2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Veverka ◽  
J. Palicová ◽  
I. Křížková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Warm Climate ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Low Incidence ◽  
Charcoal Disease ◽  
The Relationship

VEVERKA K., PALICOVÁ J., KŘÍŽKOVÁ I. (2008): . Plant Protect. Sci., 44: 127–137. The warm climate pathogen <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i> (Tassi) Goid., which causes charcoal disease, has been reported in the Czech Republic since 1999. The aim of our work was to study the incidence of disease between 2000–2007 in the main sunflower growing regions and analyse the relationship between weather conditions and the occurrence of the pathogen. The first and highest incidence of disease was in the Žatec region. However, in the region south of Brno there was no disease in 2000, 2001 and 2003, and only individual low incidence in other years until 2007, when the disease was found in nine localities. The incidence of the disease is increasing year by year indicating a spread of the pathogen. The warm and dry periods throughout the end of July and August have promoted the disease. However in some years where weather conditions were favourable for the pathogen, in several cases no disease was found. It is assumed, that the pathogen was not yet present in these localities. Soil conditions are critical. Diseased plants are usually distributed in several dispersed groups in the stand, especially on higher and drier parts of the field. Disease is also often found on plants suffering from compressed roots. Diseased plants had poorly developed heads and seeds.

scholarly journals Determinants of Gratuity Size in the Czech Republic: Evidence from Four Inexpensive Restaurants in Brno

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kvasnička ◽  
Monika Szalaiová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Magnitude Effect ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Payment Card ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The paper presents the results of the first study exploring what factors influence tipping in restaurants in the Czech Republic. It shows that the tipping norm evolved here into a form that has some features similar to the tipping norms known in the USA, Canada, and Israel, but there are also striking differences. As in the three countries, the gratuity increases with the bill size but the gratuity as percentage of the bill is much lower here. The bill size explains here a lower part of the gratuity variability too. Also, the service quality results in customers being more generous with their tips, and though the increase in gratuity seems to be small, it rises with a group size. Strikingly, the regular patrons tip significantly less in the Czech Republic and they stiff more often. This supports the hypothesis that the relationship between the customer frequency and the gratuity size is an artifact of a missing variable, and the regular patrons tip differently because they belong to a different social group than occasional customers. Also, the customers paying by card stiff more often here and the interaction between the amount on the bill and use of payment card is statistically insignificant. The group size lowers the percentage gratuity, which supports the diffusion of the responsibility hypothesis. There are differences between genders: Male customers leave bigger tips than female customers, and female waitresses earn more than their male colleagues. The time spent at the table, consumption of alcoholic beverage, and smoking do not change the gratuity size but it may be affected by the weather conditions. The customers tip less and stiff more often when they order a lunch special. They round the total expenditures, not the gratuities, which creates the magnitude effect.

Effect of Nitrogen, Boron, Zinc and Molybdenum Application on Yield of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) on Greyic Phaeozem in the Czech Republic

Helia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (64) ◽  
pp. 91-111
Author(s):  
L. Hlisnikovský ◽  
E. Kunzová ◽  
M. Hejcman ◽  
P. Škarpa ◽  
L. Menšík
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Application ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
The Mean

AbstractThe sunflower is a newly planted crop in the Czech Republic, which represents the northern edge of the species’ range, and there is a lack of information about the effect of nutrient application on yield components. To fill this gap, we performed a fertilizer experiment on Greyic Phaeozem over the years 2008–2012 to evaluate the effects of N, B, Zn and Mo application on achenes yield. We compared the control (C) without any N fertilizer, N treatments (N 60, N 90, N120 kg N ha−1) and N treatments accompanied with micronutrients (N 90+B – 0.3 kg B ha−1, N 90+Zn – 0.35 kg Zn ha−1, N 90+Mo – 0.125 kg Mo ha−1). The mean achenes yield over all years ranged from 3.9 in C to 4.34 t ha−1 in N 60. Achenes yield over all treatments ranged from 3.04 in 2008 to 4.91 t ha−1 in 2010. We concluded that sunflower can be produced with application rate up to 60 kg N ha−1 on highly productive soils in the Czech Republic and for similar other soils in the region. The increase in N application above 60 kg N ha−1 can decrease achenes yield. Application of B and Zn achieved slightly higher, while the addition of Mo slightly lower achenes yields when compared to the treatment with the same level of N and without micronutrients addition. We concluded that the application of micronutrients at the sites with sufficient content of those micronutrients in soil has almost no effect on achenes and biomass yield. Achenes and biomass yield was primarily affected by weather conditions in particular years, affecting plant growth, disease and predatory occurrence. Fertilizer treatments did not significantly affect the weight of achenes per head, weight of thousand achenes, the number of achenes per head, the number of heads per ha and number of achenes per ha during the experiment. The significant effect of the year was recorded, showing major effect of weather conditions on above mentioned parameters.

scholarly journals Pentosans relate to rye quality

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Jindřiška Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Remarkable Difference ◽  
Falling Number ◽  
High Positive Correlation ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Hybrid Variety

The aim of this contribution is the evaluation rye pentosans in the relation to protein content, Fal­ling number, content of maltose and amylograph values. Population and hybrid varieties of rye were grown during 2003–2005. Trials were situated in three different locations of the Czech Republic – Hradec nad Svitavou, Krásné údolí and Staňkov. Content of pentosans varied between 6.60–9.21 %. The highest content of pentosans (average of the three years and three locations) achieved the hybrid variety Picasso (8.11 %), which had the highest Falling number (235.8 s) and amylograph maximum (625.5 AJ), too. The location Hradec nad Svitavou (8.21 % pentosans) was the best and the year 2003 (8.34 % pentosans) was the most positive.The results were affected by soil and weather conditions which have influence on protein content. Between the pentosans content and the Falling number a high positive correlation (r = 0.523, P < 0.01) was found and nonsignificant negative correlations with protein content (r = −0.070) and amylograph maximum (r = −0.072). Remarkable difference in the Falling number and amylograph maximum between population varieties (Daňkovské nové a Selgo) and hybrid variety (Picasso) were found.

Cargo Securing and Accident Rate in the Army of the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Vlkovský ◽  
Hana Vlachová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Simple Model ◽  
Accident Rate ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Vehicle Accidents ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Data Source

Abstract The article analyses the evolution of the accident rate in terms of the Army of the Czech Republic during last 6 years (2010-2015) and examines selected causes of vehicle accidents. In the context of the comparison of selected methods of cargo securing an analysis of potential risks in cargo securing on trucks of the Army of the Czech Republic has been done. A simple model of cargo securing on selected truck was created for these purposes. The model takes into account values measured in the field in comparison to conventional transport performed on highway and 2nd class road. Statistical analysis of the evaluation values of the coefficients of acceleration, which serves as a data source of the presented model, is included.

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