scholarly journals Risk perception of local stakeholders on natural hazards: implications for theory and practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3251-3283
Author(s):  
Mihai Ciprian Mărgărint ◽  
Mihai Niculiță ◽  
Giulia Roder ◽  
Paolo Tarolli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Local Actors

Abstract. In Romania, local stakeholders' knowledge plays a role in making decisions for emergencies, supporting rescue officers in natural hazard events, coordinating, and assisting the affected populations physically and psychologically. However, despite the increasing occurrence and severity of natural hazards in the Iași metropolitan area (of north-eastern Romania), there is a lack of knowledge of local stakeholders on how to encourage the population regarding safety actions. For this reason, we interviewed 118 local stakeholders to determine their risk awareness and preparedness capacities over a set of natural hazards, in order to understand where deficiencies in knowledge, action, and trust are greatest. Results reveal substantial distinctions between different threats and among stakeholders based on their cognitive and behavioural roles in the communities. The roles of responsibility and trust are important driving factors shaping their perception and preparedness. Preparedness levels are low, and, for many, learning and preparatory actions are needed to build resilience to the negative occurrences of natural hazards. As the stakeholders' role is to direct interventions in affected areas by managing communication initiatives with the entire population of the community, there is a need to create stakeholders' networks, empowering local actors and serving as a bridge between authorities' decisions and local people, making effective risk management plans, and securing more lives and economies.

scholarly journals Risk perception of local stakeholders on natural hazards: implications for theory and practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihai Ciprian Mărgărint ◽  
Mihai Niculiţă ◽  
Giulia Roder ◽  
Paolo Tarolli
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Abstract. In Romania, local stakeholders' knowledge plays a decisional role in emergencies, supporting rescue officers in natural hazard events, coordinating and assisting, both physically and psychologically, the affected populations. However, despite in Iași Metropolitan area (NE of Romania), the occurrence and severity of natural hazards are increasing there is a lack of knowledge of local stakeholders to address the population toward safety actions. For this reason, 118 local stakeholders were interviewed to determine their risk awareness and preparedness capacities over a set of natural hazards to understand where the lack of knowledge, action, and trust are exacerbated the most. Results reveal substantial distinctions among stakeholders and the different threats based on their cognitive and behavioral roles in the communities. The role of responsibility and trust has been seen as important driving factors shaping their perception and preparedness. Preparedness levels were low, and, not for all, learning and preparatory actions are needed to withstand the negative occurrences of natural hazards. As their role is to refer with direct interventions in affected areas managing communication initiatives with the entire population of the community, there is the need to create stakeholders' networks, empowering local actors that could serve as a bridge between authorities' decisions and local people in order to make effective risk management plans and secure more lives and economies.

Natural Hazards and Risk Management

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljubica Mamula-Seadon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Current Approach ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Risk Governance ◽  
Forthcoming Article ◽  
Late 20Th Century

This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science. Please check back later for the full article. Natural hazards risk management has developed in conjunction with broader risk management theory and practice. Thus, it reflects a discourse that has characterized this field, particularly in the last decades of the 20th century. Effective implementation of natural hazards risk management strategies requires an understanding of underlying assumptions inherent to specific methodologies, as well as an explication of the process and the challenges embodied in specific approaches to risk mitigation. Historical thinking on risk, as it has unfolded in the last few hundred years, has been exemplified by a juxtaposition between positivist and post-positivist approaches to risk that dominated the risk discourse in the late 20th century. Evolution of the general concept of risk and the progress of scientific rationality modified the relationship of people to natural hazard disasters. The epistemology, derived from a worldview that champions objective knowledge gained through observation and analysis of the predicable phenomena in the world surrounding us, has greatly contributed to this change of attitude. Notwithstanding its successes, the approach has been challenged by the complexity of natural hazard risk and by the requirement for democratic risk governance. The influence of civic movements and social scientists entering the risk management field led to the current approach, which incorporates values and value judgments into risk management decision making. The discourse that generated those changes can be interpreted as positivist vs. post-positivist, influenced by concepts of sustainability and resilience, and generating some common principles, particularly relevant for policy and planning. Examples from different countries, such as New Zealand, illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of the current theory and practice of natural hazards risk management and help identify challenges for the 21st century.

scholarly journals Thawing Permafrost in Arctic Coastal Communities: A Framework for Studying Risks from Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 2651
Author(s):  
Joan Nymand Larsen ◽  
Peter Schweitzer ◽  
Khaled Abass ◽  
Natalia Doloisio ◽  
Susanna Gartler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Risk Framework ◽  
Relevant Stakeholder ◽  
Thawing Permafrost

Thawing permafrost creates risks to the environment, economy and culture in Arctic coastal communities. Identification of these risks and the inclusion of the societal context and the relevant stakeholder involvement is crucial in risk management and for future sustainability, yet the dual dimensions of risk and risk perception is often ignored in conceptual risk frameworks. In this paper we present a risk framework for Arctic coastal communities. Our framework builds on the notion of the dual dimensions of risk, as both physically and socially constructed, and it places risk perception and the coproduction of risk management with local stakeholders as central components into the model. Central to our framework is the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration. A conceptual model and processual framework with a description of successive steps is developed to facilitate the identification of risks of thawing permafrost in a collaboration between local communities and scientists. Our conceptual framework motivates coproduction of risk management with locals in the identification of these risks from permafrost thaw and the development of adaptation and mitigation strategies.

Disaster Risk Management Plans in Colombia: General Guidelines for Their Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Alejandra María Díaz-Tamayo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
Normal Functioning ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
The Face ◽  
Changes In Risk ◽  
Evidence Based Guidelines

Abstract Over the years, Colombia has faced disaster situations that have generated changes in risk management models. These situations have brought suffering, destruction, and loss of human life, but have also served as lessons to develop procedures aimed at minimizing the risks caused by the presence of hazards. The objective of this article is to provide general evidence-based guidelines for formulating disaster risk management plans for each of the 3 action processes: risk awareness, risk reduction, and disaster management in Colombia. These plans can be achieved by preparing responses to different emergencies, which arise from threats in each of the possible scenarios, and are adverse events that alter the normal functioning of entities and communities. The implementation of these prevention strategies will allow communities to respond effectively to emergencies and recover rapidly in the face of adversity.

Aligning IT Teams' Risk Management to Business Requirements

2011 ◽  
pp. 301-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corey Hirsch ◽  
Jean-Noel Ezingeard
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Management Teams ◽  
Enterprise Information ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Perceive Risk

Achieving alignment of risk perception, assessment, and tolerance among and between management teams within an organisation is an important foundation upon which an effective enterprise information security management strategy can be built .We argue the importance of such alignment based on information security and risk assessment literature. Too often lack of alignment dampens clean execution of strategy, eroding support during development and implementation of information security programs . We argue that alignment can be achieved by developing an understanding of enterprise risk management plans and actions, risk perceptions and risk culture. This is done by examining context, context and process. We illustrate this through the case of LeCroy Corp., illustrating how LeCroy managers perceive risk in practice, and how LeCroy fosters alignment in risk perception and execution of risk management strategy as part of an overall information security program. We show that in some circumstances diversity of risk tolerance profiles aide a management teams’ function. In other circumstances, variances lead to dysfunction. We have uncovered and quantified nonlinearities and special cases in LeCroy executive management’s risk tolerance profiles.

scholarly journals Risk perception – issues for flood management in Europe

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2299-2309 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Bradford ◽  
J. J. O'Sullivan ◽  
I. M. van der Craats ◽  
J. Krywkow ◽  
P. Rotko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Flood Risk Management ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
The Public ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Flood Risk Management Plans

Abstract. Public perception of flood risk and flood risk information is often overlooked when developing flood risk management plans. As scientists and the public at large perceive risk in very different ways, flood risk management strategies are known to have failed in the past due to this disconnect between authorities and the public. This paper uses a novel approach in exploring the role of public perception in developing flood risk communication strategies in Europe. Results are presented of extensive quantitative research of 1375 questionnaire responses from thirteen communities at risk across six European countries. The research forms part of two research projects funded under the 2nd ERA-Net CRUE Funding Initiative: URFlood and FREEMAN. Risk perception is conceptualised as a pillar of social resilience, representing an innovative approach to the issue. From this process recommendations are identified for improving flood risk management plans through public participation.

Natural Hazards Governance in Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bevaola Kusumasari
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Active Tectonic

Geographically, Indonesia is located in southeast Asia between the Indian and the Pacific Oceans. It is recognized as an active tectonic region because it consists of three major active tectonic plates: the Eurasian plate in the north, the Indo-Australian plate in the south, and the Pacific plate in the east. The southern and eastern parts of the country feature a volcanic arc stretching from the islands of Sumatra, Java, Nusa Tenggara, and Sulawesi, while the remainder of the region comprises old volcanic mountains and lowlands partly dominated by marshes. Territorially, it is located in a tropical climate area, with its two seasons—wet and dry—exhibiting characteristic weather changes, such as with regard to temperature and wind direction, that can be quite extreme. These climatic conditions combine with the region’s relatively diverse surface and rock topographies to provide fertile soil conditions. Conversely, the same conditions can lead to negative outcomes for this densely populated country, in particular, the occurrence of hydrometeorological disasters such as floods, landslides, forest fires, and drought. The 2017 World Risk Report’s ranking of countries’ relative vulnerability and exposure to natural hazards such as earthquakes, storms, floods, droughts, and sea-level rise calculated Indonesia to be the 33rd most at-risk country. Between 1815 and 2018, 23,250 natural hazards occurred here; 302,849 people died or were otherwise lost, 371,059 were injured, and there were 39,514,636 displaced persons, as well as billions of rupiah in losses. The most frequent type of natural hazard has been floods (8,919 instances), followed by cyclones (5,984), and then landslides (4,947). Following these latest disasters and acknowledging that Indonesia is becoming increasingly vulnerable to such natural hazards, the country’s government established a comprehensive disaster management system. Specifically, it instituted an organization capable of and responsible for handling such a wide-reaching and complex situation as a natural hazard. A coordinated national body had first been developed in 1966, but the current discourse concerning proactive disaster risk management at national and local levels has encouraged the central government to adapt this organization toward becoming more accountable to and involving the participation of local communities. Law No. 24/2007 of the Republic of Indonesia Concerning Disaster Management, issued on April 26, 2007, established a new National Disaster Management Agency (BNPB), but it also focusses on community-based disaster risk management pre- and post-disaster. Through the BNPB and by executing legislative reform to implement recommendations from the international disaster response laws, Indonesia has become a global leader in legal preparedness for natural hazards and the reduction of human vulnerability.

scholarly journals Social integration matters: factors influencing natural hazard risk preparedness—a survey of Swiss households

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Maidl ◽  
David N. Bresch ◽  
Matthias Buchecker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
General Population ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Integrated Risk ◽  
Risk Preparedness ◽  
Integrated Risk Management

Abstract Building a culture of risk is an essential objective within the integrated risk management paradigm. Challenges arise both due to increasing damage from natural hazards and the complexity in interaction of different actors in risk management. In Switzerland, the Strategy for Natural Hazards Switzerland, aims to establish efficient protection of the population, natural resources and material goods. This requires that all responsible actors are recognized and aware of their role in risk management. However, previous studies indicate that risk awareness and preparedness levels are rather low within the general population. For the first time, our nationwide survey provides empirical data on factors that influence individual risk preparedness in the general population. Multivariate analysis shows that taking responsibility for natural hazard risk prevention is not only related to personal experience and perceived probability of hazard events, but also crucially influenced by social forms of communication and integration. Therefore, we conclude that social capacity building needs to include such factors in order to render integrated risk management strategies successful.

scholarly journals Integrated Proactive Drought Management in Hydrosystems and 2 Cities: Building a Nine-Step Participatory Planning Methodology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco de Assis Souza Filho ◽  
Ticiana Marinho de Carvalho Studart ◽  
Joao Dehon Pontes Filho ◽  
Eduardo Sávio Passos Rodrigues Martins ◽  
Sérgio Rodrigues Ayrimoraes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Participatory Planning ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Local Stakeholders ◽  
Prone Area ◽  
Drought Preparedness ◽  
Planning Methodology

Abstract Drought is widely known as a complex natural hazard, not just by its climatological features but also by human experiences and socio-economical impacts. Drought preparedness is the only way a society can mitigate effects and better cope with droughts. Here we present a methodological approach to guide the implementation of proactive drought plans, specially designed for hydrossystems and cities scales. We highlight strategies to engage local stakeholders in constructing such plans and build a participatory methodology. The preparedness drought plan methodology was developed and applied to two hydrosystems and two cities located in the Piranhas-Açu river basin, a drought-prone area of Brazilian Semi-arid. Our findings suggest that participatory socio-technical methodologies, built only from the system operators' tacit knowledge, can achieve good results when data and resources are limited. Still, results can be enhanced by hydrologic and hydraulic modeling to assess vulnerability, scenarios and strategies. We illustrate and analyze the process by storytelling to develop a meaningful and convincing narrative that speaks to theory and practice, and we provide recommendations to facilitate this approach.

Lokale Risikomündigkeit

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Bönewitz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Local Risk ◽  
Management Approaches

This thesis explores the contribution of the concept of ‘lokale Risikomündigkeit’ (local risk awareness) to the study of societal handling of natural hazards. ‘Risikomündigkeit’ is based on the promise of an enlightened society of responsible citizens and is expressed in the practice of risk management. After engaging in critical reflection, the author develops the concept of 'lokale Risikomündigkeit' as a praxeologically, rationally and geographically sound analytical heuristic. It becomes clear that the social practice of risk management is characterised by diverse, partly contradictory forms of logic that cannot be assumed to be conventionally rational and cannot be comprehensively grasped by purely evidence-based risk management approaches.

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