scholarly journals Corrigendum to "Thermal energy generation in the earth" published in Nonlin. Processes Geophys., 21, 367–378, 2014

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 503-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Mayer ◽  
J. R. Reitz
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
The Earth

scholarly journals Brief communication: Electron pair donors and Earth's energy generation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Reaction ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Cooper Pair ◽  
Electron Pair ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Pair Formation ◽  
Electron Donors ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Reaction Chain

Abstract. This Brief Communication presents a series of model calculations for the electron pair donor densities required for tresino thermal energy generation in the Earth. The crucial density of electron donors is determined from the ratio of He3 and He4 after many years starting from initial densities of the donor pairs. In addition, a new proposal is introduced that connects Cooper pair formations to the deuteron tresino nuclear reaction chain (the chain that determines the He3 / He4 ratio). Furthermore, it is proposed that magnetotelluric (MT) observations may be connected to Cooper pair formation either with or without substantial heating.

scholarly journals Thermal energy generation in the earth

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Mayer ◽  
J. R. Reitz
Keyword(s):  
Energy Release ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Nuclear Reactions ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Composite Particles ◽  
The Earth

Abstract. We show that a recently introduced class of electromagnetic composite particles can explain some discrepancies in observations involving heat and helium released from the earth. Energy release during the formation of the composites and subsequent nuclear reactions involving the composites are described that can quantitatively account for the discrepancies and are expected to have implications in other areas of geophysics – for example, a new picture of heat production and volcanism in the earth is presented.

Quantification of thermal energy generation in annular hyperbolic porous-finned heat sinks using inverse optimization

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440892110243
Author(s):  
Sagnik Pal ◽  
Ranjan Das
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Inverse Method ◽  
Golden Section ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Heat Sinks ◽  
Search Technique ◽  
Golden Section Search

The present paper introduces an accurate numerical procedure to assess the internal thermal energy generation in an annular porous-finned heat sink from the sole assessment of surface temperature profile using the golden section search technique. All possible heat transfer modes and temperature dependence of all thermal parameters are accounted for in the present nonlinear model. At first, the direct problem is numerically solved using the Runge–Kutta method, whereas for predicting the prevailing heat generation within a given generalized fin domain an inverse method is used with the aid of the golden section search technique. After simplifications, the proposed scheme is credibly verified with other methodologies reported in the existing literature. Numerical predictions are performed under different levels of Gaussian noise from which accurate reconstructions are observed for measurement error up to 20%. The sensitivity study deciphers that the surface temperature field in itself is a strong function of the surface porosity, and the same is controlled through a joint trade-off among heat generation and other thermo-geometrical parameters. The present results acquired from the golden section search technique-assisted inverse method are proposed to be suitable for designing effective and robust porous fin heat sinks in order to deliver safe and enhanced heat transfer along with significant weight reduction with respect to the conventionally used systems. The present inverse estimation technique is proposed to be robust as it can be easily tailored to analyse all possible geometries manufactured from any material in a more accurate manner by taking into account all feasible heat transfer modes.

Economic Optimization of a Combined Heat and Power System for an Office Building

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Douglas ◽  
Timothy C. Wagner ◽  
Michael K. Sahm ◽  
William J. Wepfer
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Waste Heat ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Economic Optimization ◽  
Electrical Efficiency ◽  
Load Demand ◽  
Generation Cost ◽  
The Relationship

The determination of a prime mover’s characteristics is important in ascertaining its suitability for combined heat and power (CHP) applications. By definition, its operation affects the operation of all heat recovery equipment downstream. The correct balance between component electrical efficiency and waste heat is needed if the electric power producing equipment is to be used in a CHP application in a cost effective manner. Understanding the relationship between electric efficiency and exhaust stream energy content for different prime movers systems is a first step in an overall CHP system optimization. The goals of this work are to determine the potential financial benefit of utilizing waste heat from various prime mover configurations as well as establish the relationship between the two types of energy generation and costs. An economic optimization was performed to determine the system with the lowest average product (electricity and thermal energy) generation cost. The prime mover system was required to meet the electrical load demand of a typical 9290 m2 (100,000 ft2) office building in New York, NY, USA. The composition of the most cost effective prime mover system, when considering both electrical and thermal energy generation, was shown to be a single microturbine. When comparing the electrical and thermal energy generation of all systems studied with product generation cost, the more cost effective systems had either high electrical efficiency with a low thermal energy generation or high amounts of waste heat with low electrical efficiency. Each installation site and load demand is unique. The results of this study, along with others, can be used to help determine a cost effective system for a particular application.

scholarly journals Whither life? Conjectures on the future evolution of biochemistry

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 20160269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi L. Brewster ◽  
Thomas J. Finn ◽  
Miguel A. Ramirez ◽  
Wayne M. Patrick
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
Evolutionary Time ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Regulatory Circuits ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Future ◽  
Metabolic Biochemistry

Life has existed on the Earth for approximately four billion years. The sheer depth of evolutionary time, and the diversity of extant species, makes it tempting to assume that all the key biochemical innovations underpinning life have already happened. But we are only a little over halfway through the trajectory of life on our planet. In this Opinion piece, we argue: (i) that sufficient time remains for the evolution of new processes at the heart of metabolic biochemistry and (ii) that synthetic biology is providing predictive insights into the nature of these innovations. By way of example, we focus on engineered solutions to existing inefficiencies in energy generation, and on the complex, synthetic regulatory circuits that are currently being implemented.

scholarly journals Computer Modeling in the Application to Geothermal Engineering

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Karpenko Vasily Nikolaevich ◽  
Yuriy Starodub ◽  
Andrii Havrys
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Heat Fluxes ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Earth’S Interior ◽  
The Mathematical Model

In the article, investigation is given of the developed mathematical models of nonequilibrium in time and distributed in space thermodynamic state of Earth’s matter from its center to its surface depending on the cases of the presence and absence of an internal source of thermal energy concentrated in the center of mass taking into account known geophysical data about the nucleus, mantle, lithosphere and atmosphere, and endogenous and exogenous heat fluxes. The objects of research are as follows: mathematical models of geothermal energy of the Earth, its internal source, and heat balance of endogenous and exogenous heat fluxes on the Earth’s surface. Research methods used are as follows: thermometry in deep wells, ground and remote sensing of heat fluxes of the Earth and the planets of the Solar System, mathematical modeling of heat exchange and thermoelastic processes from compression of Earth’s matter by gravitational field energy information and classical physical and mathematical methods, and computer modeling. The aim of research: in computer modeling to provide new mathematical models that determine the geophysical parameters of geothermal energy, which are aimed on solving problems of energy, environmental and economic security of society, using modern technical means of calculating ground and remote sensing data development of geothermal resources, and regulation of the heat balance of the ecosystem, namely: (i) study of the geological structure of the lithosphere to a depth of 10 km by remote sensing to determine the physical parameters of its layers more accurately than ground methods; (ii) development of projects of geothermal power plants on the basis of single isolated wells of a given depth with a capacity of up to 2 ÷ 3 mW of electricity on continents of the globe; (iii) real-time monitoring and forecasting of the temperature field of the atmosphere according to its physical and chemical composition. The novelty of the obtained research results: (i) developed the mathematical model of the physical process of origin and distribution in the bowels of the density of geothermal energy of the Earth from the surface to its center, which is the density of internal energy of an elementary geological object, and which increases when approaching the center of the planet; (ii) developed the mathematical model of the thermal energy source of infrared (IR) waves of the elementary geophysical object of the Earth’s interior depending on the depth of its occurrence, which allows to determine the stable generation of geothermal energy by rocks in a deep well for extraction and conversion into electricity and to study the geological structure and physical properties of the Earth’s interior; (iii) the mathematical model of heat exchange between the layers of the Earth’s subsoil with the thermal energy of infrared waves according to the laws of Fourier thermal conductivity and Stefan–Boltzmann heat transfer, which together with the geothermal energy source model allows to determine a thermal capacity of rocks in a deep well; (iv) developed the mathematical model of stable action of a source of thermal energy in the center of mass of the Earth, in the absence of which it is hard to explain the power of its endogenous infrared heat flux, parameters of geothermal energy distribution in the Earth, and the current thermodynamic state of the atmosphere, and the change in temperature of which depends on the thermophysical parameters of the physical-chemical composition of the atmosphere more than on changes in the thermal activity of the Sun; (v) determination of new numerical values: thermophysical parameters of the Earth’s interior; kinetic, potential and own gravitational energy of the Earth and own gravitational energy of the planets of the Solar System.

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