scholarly journals The global distribution of the M1 ocean tide

Ocean Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 431-442
Author(s):  
Philip L. Woodworth
Keyword(s):  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Ocean Tide ◽  
Tide Gauge Records ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Tidal Potential ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time

Abstract. The worldwide distribution of the small degree-3 M1 ocean tide is investigated using a quasi-global data set of over 800 tide gauge records and a global tide model. M1 is confirmed to have a geographical variation in the Atlantic consistent with the suggestion of Platzman (1984b) and Cartwright (1975) that M1 is generated in the ocean as a consequence of the spatial and temporal overlap of M1 in the tidal potential and one (or at least a small number of) diurnal ocean normal mode(s). As a consequence, it is particularly strong around the UK and on North Sea coasts (amplitudes ∼10 mm). This analysis shows that their suggestion is also consistent to a great extent with the observed small amplitudes in the Pacific and Indian oceans. However, there are differences at the regional and local level which require much further study via more sophisticated ocean tidal modelling. By contrast, what is called the M1' tide (a combination of several degree-2 lines in the tidal potential with frequencies close to that of M1) is shown to have a geographical distribution consistent with expectations from other degree-2 diurnal tides, apart from locations such as around the UK where tidal interactions introduce complications. As far as I know, this is the first time that these small tidal constituents have been mapped on a global basis and, in particular, the first time that the ocean response to the degree-3 component of the tidal potential has been investigated globally.

scholarly journals The global distribution of the M1 ocean tide

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Woodworth
Keyword(s):  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Normal Modes ◽  
Small Degree ◽  
Ocean Tide ◽  
Tide Gauge Records ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Tidal Potential ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time

Abstract. The worldwide distribution of the small degree-3 M1 ocean tide is investigated using a quasi-global data set of over 800 tide gauge records and a global tide model. M1 is confirmed to have a geographical variation in the Atlantic consistent with the suggestion of Platzman and Cartwright that M1 is generated in the ocean as a consequence of the spatial and temporal overlap of M1 in the tidal potential and one (or at least a small number) of diurnal ocean normal modes. As a consequence, it is particularly strong around the UK and on North Sea coasts. This analysis shows that their suggestion is also consistent to a great extent with the observed small amplitudes in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. However, there are differences at the regional and local level which require much further study via more sophisticated ocean tidal modelling. By contrast, the M1' tide is shown to have a geographical distribution consistent with expectations from other degree-2 diurnal tides, apart from locations such as around the UK where tidal interactions introduce complications. As far as we know, this is the first time that these small tidal constituents have been mapped on a global basis and, in particular, the first time that the ocean response to the degree-3 component of the tidal potential has been investigated globally.

scholarly journals Biosimilar infliximab use in paediatric IBD

2017 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Richmond ◽  
Lee Curtis ◽  
Victoria Garrick ◽  
Pam Rogers ◽  
Michelle Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Savings ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Significant Cost ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Significant Safety ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time

BackgroundBiosimilar infliximab became available in the UK in 2015. Paediatric experience to date on its use is limited. We prospectively evaluated the safety and efficacy of biosimilar infliximab (Remsima) in two paediatric gastroenterology networks in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.MethodsProspective clinical data were collected from laboratory reports, electronic patient records and case notes of 40 patients starting Remsima for the first time. Disease activity scores together with blood and stool biomarkers were used to assess response.ResultsOur data set highlights that Remsima was associated with a significant clinical and biochemical improvement (p<0.01 or less for all parameters assessed) in Crohn’s disease post induction. There were no significant safety issues noted. The total cost saving was £47 800, representing a 38% reduction from originator.ConclusionWe found that biosimilar infliximab is as effective as originator infliximab and its use is associated with significant cost savings.

scholarly journals International Real Estate Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-416
Author(s):  
William Miles ◽  
Keyword(s):  
House Prices ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Nonlinear Adjustment ◽  
Stable Relationship ◽  
Home Prices ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Income Ratio ◽  
The Uk ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Asset prices and fundamentals can move apart, as is the case during bubble episodes. However, they should exhibit a stable relationship in the long run. For UK housing, previous studies have investigated whether house prices share a long run relationship with income. Results thus far have not yet found such stability in the interaction of the two variables. These previous papers have imposed linear adjustment on the relationship. Nonlinear adjustment, however, has been shown to be a feature in a number of housing market relationships. In this study, we utilize a data set that consists of home prices relative to first time buyer income for the UK and its twelve constituent regions, which gives us a direct measure of affordability. We test for the stationarity of the home price/first time buyer income ratio with linear tests, and, as in past studies, fail to find a long run relationship. However, we then employ a nonlinear test, and find a stationary relationship for the UK and seven of the twelve regions. In particular, the regions closest to London appear most clearly to have a stationary relationship between home prices and income.

scholarly journals The nodal dependence of long-period ocean tides in the Drake Passage

Ocean Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 711-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Woodworth ◽  
Angela Hibbert
Keyword(s):  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Drake Passage ◽  
Ocean Tide ◽  
Phase Lag ◽  
Tide Gauge Data ◽  
Tide Gauge Records ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Ocean Tide Model ◽  
Gauge Data ◽  
Tidal Variability

Abstract. Almost three decades of bottom pressure recorder (BPR) measurements at the Drake Passage, and 31 years of hourly tide gauge data from the Vernadsky Research Base on the Antarctic Peninsula, have been used to investigate the temporal and spatial variations in this region of the three main long-period tides Mf, Mm and Mt (in order of decreasing amplitude, with periods of a fortnight, a month and one-third of a month, respectively). The amplitudes of Mf and Mt, and the phase lags for all three constituents, vary over the nodal cycle (18.61 years) in essentially the same way as in the equilibrium tide, so confirming the validity of Doodson's “nodal factors” for these constituents. The amplitude of Mm is found to be essentially constant, and so inconsistent at the 3σ level from the ±13 % (or ∼±0.15 mbar) anticipated variation over the nodal cycle, which can probably be explained by energetic non-tidal variability in the records at monthly timescales and longer. The north–south differences in amplitude for all three constituents are consistent with those in a modern ocean tide model (FES2014), as are those in phase lag for Mf and Mt, while the phase difference for Mm is smaller than in the model. BPR measurements are shown to be considerably superior to coastal tide gauge data in such studies, due to the larger proportion of non-tidal variability in the latter. However, correction of the tide gauge records for non-tidal variability results in the uncertainties in nodal parameters being reduced by a factor of 2 (for Mf at least) to a magnitude comparable (approximately twice) to those obtained from the BPR data.

Rescuing historical sea level data using a citizen science platform

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Matthews ◽  
Elizabeth Bradshaw ◽  
Joanne Williams
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Digital Data ◽  
Tide Gauge Records ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
North West ◽  
The Uk

&lt;p&gt;Tide gauge records provide the main source of data behind the study of sea level change over the past 200 years. However, our understanding of changes in mean sea levels, tides and extremes is limited by the length of the records available. A large amount of potential data exists in libraries and archives across the world in the form of historical tidal ledgers and charts that have never been converted into digital data suitable for use in scientific studies. The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission&amp;#8217;s Global Sea Level Observing System (GLOSS) has been encouraging organisations to locate, catalogue and digitise such material.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Unfortunately, the processes required to extract usable data from charts and ledgers is slow, laborious work. Promising attempts have been made to automate this using optical character recognition, but these are often hindered by changes in document formats, and hard to decipher handwriting, particularly in older records.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A possible solution is to use online citizen science platforms such as Zooniverse that bring together scientists and volunteers in projects as diverse as searching for supernovae, identifying whale sounds, transcribing manuscripts from the archives of natural history museums, and helping train algorithms that analyse images of cancer cells. Last year, 5.25 million rainfall observations from the UK were digitised in a few weeks by about 16,000 volunteers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Here we present a citizen science project to digitise 16,000 images of ledgers recording 15-minute observations of sea level from North West England that is currently in progress. We describe the process the volunteers undertake, the lessons learnt from early testing, and an overview of the results obtained so far. Finally, we discuss some potential extensions of the project, including the possibility of using the platform to digitise tidal charts.&lt;/p&gt;

Childhood Intelligence Predicts Adult Trait Openness

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Furnham ◽  
Helen Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Data Set ◽  
National Child Development Study ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

Abstract. This study used a longitudinal data set of 5,672 adults followed for 50 years to determine the factors that influence adult trait Openness-to-Experience. In a large, nationally representative sample in the UK (the National Child Development Study), data were collected at birth, in childhood (age 11), adolescence (age 16), and adulthood (ages 33, 42, and 50) to examine the effects of family social background, childhood intelligence, school motivation during adolescence, education, and occupation on the personality trait Openness assessed at age 50 years. Structural equation modeling showed that parental social status, childhood intelligence, school motivation, education, and occupation all had modest, but direct, effects on trait Openness, among which childhood intelligence was the strongest predictor. Gender was not significantly associated with trait Openness. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed.

Does Tax Increment Financing Pass the “But-for” Test in Missouri?

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-202
Author(s):  
Ahmed Rachid El-Khattabi ◽  
T. William Lester
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Kansas City ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Tax Increment Financing ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
The Impact

The use of tax increment financing (TIF) remains a popular, yet highly controversial, tool among policy makers in their efforts to promote economic development. This study conducts a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of Missouri’s TIF program, specifically in Kansas City and St. Louis, in creating economic opportunities. We build a time-series data set starting 1990 through 2012 of detailed employment levels, establishment counts, and sales at the census block-group level to run a set of difference-in-differences with matching estimates for the impact of TIF at the local level. Although we analyze the impact of TIF on a wide set of indicators and across various industry sectors, we find no conclusive evidence that the TIF program in either city has a causal impact on key economic development indicators.

scholarly journals Evaluation of ocean circulation models in the computation of the mean dynamic topography for geodetic applications. Case study in the Greek seas

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 154-173
Author(s):  
I. Mintourakis ◽  
G. Panou ◽  
D. Paradissis
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Tide Gauge ◽  
Dynamic Topography ◽  
Tide Gauge Records ◽  
Mean Dynamic Topography ◽  
Case Study Area ◽  
Extensive Evaluation ◽  
Precise Knowledge

Abstract Precise knowledge of the oceanic Mean Dynamic Topography (MDT) is crucial for a number of geodetic applications, such as vertical datum unification and marine geoid modelling. The lack of gravity surveys over many regions of the Greek seas and the incapacity of the space borne gradiometry/gravity missions to resolve the small and medium wavelengths of the geoid led to the investigation of the oceanographic approach for computing the MDT. We compute two new regional MDT surfaces after averaging, for given epochs, the periodic gridded solutions of the Dynamic Ocean Topography (DOT) provided by two ocean circulation models. These newly developed regional MDT surfaces are compared to three state-of-theart models, which represent the oceanographic, the geodetic and the mixed oceanographic/geodetic approaches in the implementation of the MDT, respectively. Based on these comparisons, we discuss the differences between the three approaches for the case study area and we present some valuable findings regarding the computation of the regional MDT. Furthermore, in order to have an estimate of the precision of the oceanographic approach, we apply extensive evaluation tests on the ability of the two regional ocean circulation models to track the sea level variations by comparing their solutions to tide gauge records and satellite altimetry Sea Level Anomalies (SLA) data. The overall findings support the claim that, for the computation of the MDT surface due to the lack of geodetic data and to limitations of the Global Geopotential Models (GGMs) in the case study area, the oceanographic approach is preferable over the geodetic or the mixed oceano-graphic/geodetic approaches.

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