scholarly journals Urban flood vulnerability mapping of part of the Lagos metropolis

2020 ◽  
Vol 383 ◽  
pp. 249-254
Author(s):  
Olusegun Adeaga ◽  
Olufemi Taiwo Oyeneye ◽  
Olutosin Akinbaloye
Keyword(s):  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Cellular Automation ◽  
Flood Estimation ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Vulnerability Map ◽  
Extreme Flooding ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. Flooding is the most common of all environmental hazards with vast devastating effect due to enormous losses to lives and properties world-wide, annually. Thus, the effect of extreme flooding is dramatic, not only at the individual household level, but in the country as a whole. This study focuses on flood risk assessment based on urban and coastal flood estimation due to the physical peculiarity of the Lagos region and her urbanization characteristics. It involves creating a flood change detection using GIS approach with the aid of a Cellular Automation Framework to simulate flooding in Lagos Metropolitan area, mapping out the flood prone areas and generating a flood vulnerability map for flood management and planning purposes. At twenty minutes intervals the discharge distribution for the different flow regimes (Low, Medium and Extreme) display flow duration between 60–120 min while the time of concentration is attained at 1 h 20 min (80 min).

scholarly journals Past Vector Similarity for Short Term Electrical Load Forecasting at the Individual Household Level

IEEE Access ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 42771-42785
Author(s):  
Haris Mansoor ◽  
Huzaifa Rauf ◽  
Muhammad Mubashar ◽  
Muhammad Khalid ◽  
Naveed Arshad
Keyword(s):  
Load Forecasting ◽  
Electrical Load ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Electrical Load Forecasting ◽  
The Individual

A Vision of the Future? An Innovative Database Micromarketing System

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
S. Flowers
Keyword(s):  
Vision System ◽  
Type Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Customer Preferences ◽  
Promotion System ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Targeted Marketing ◽  
The Individual

The increase in the scale of retail grocery operations to the supermarkets of today has been at the expense of the detailed knowledge of local customer preferences that small retailers could possess. This article examines the features of a technological solution to this problem and describes how the Vision System, an interactive multimedia point-of-sale shopper loyalty and promotion system, is revolutionizing retail marketing in the United States. The implications of highly-targeted marketing at the individual household level, micromarketing, are examined and it is suggested that supermarkets using such systems would achieve a significant competitive advantage. It is also suggested that the widespread adoption of Vision-type systems would have a profound impact upon manufacturers and the marketing industry as a whole.

scholarly journals The Measurement of Food Insecurity in High-Income Countries: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9829
Author(s):  
Elena Carrillo-Álvarez ◽  
Blanca Salinas-Roca ◽  
Lluís Costa-Tutusaus ◽  
Raimon Milà-Villarroel ◽  
Nithya Shankar Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
High Income ◽  
Methodological Framework ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Measurement Strategies

The measurement of food insecurity is essential to monitor the prevalence, risk factors, consequences and effects of food insecurity and the interventions and policies implemented to tackle it. Yet, how best to apply it remains an unsettled issue due to the multifaceted and context-dependent nature of food insecurity. We report a scoping review of measures of food insecurity at the individual and household level in high-income countries with the final purpose of facilitating a catalogue of instruments to be used by both researchers and practitioners. The scoping review was conducted following the methodological framework of Arksey and O’Malley and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. We included all types of documents published between 2000–2020 using instruments that estimate food insecurity at both individual and household level in high-income countries, and with respondents including adolescents, adults, and elderly. We identified a total of 23 measurement strategies being used in 33 peer-reviewed publications and 114 documents from the grey literature. Our results show that most measures focus on the access dimension of food insecurity and that further research is required to develop measures that incorporate aspects of quality of dietary intake and relevant individual, household and social conditions related to food insecurity.

Examining Geographical and Household Variation in Mental Health in Australia

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Butterworth ◽  
Brian Rodgers ◽  
Anthony F. Jorm
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Area Effects ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Individual

Objective: International research has failed to demonstrate area effects in the distribution of common mental disorders. In contrast, strong and robust household effects are evident, though relatively rarely examined. This study investigated household and area effects in the distribution of mental health scores using Australian data. Method: Analysis of data from the first wave of the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey: a large representative survey of 13 969 Australian adults. Multilevel regression methods were used to model variance in the mental health scale and mental component summary scale of the Short-Form 36 at the individual, household and area (Census Collection District) levels. A number of risk factors at various levels of the model were also examined. Results: Very little variance in mental health scores occurred at the area level (1.5%), whereas significant and substantial variance occurred at the household level (23.0%). The variance at the household level remained highly significant following the inclusion of a range of risk factors at the individual, household and area levels. Conclusions: The results confirm the absence of substantial area-level variation in mental health using Australian data. The findings highlight the importance of focusing on household-level characteristics in future research.

scholarly journals Climate Justice Planning in Global South: Applying a Coupled Nature–Human Flood Risk Assessment Framework in a Case for Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2021
Author(s):  
Chen-Fa Wu ◽  
Szu-Hung Chen ◽  
Ching-Wen Cheng ◽  
Luu Van Thong Trac
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Climate Justice ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Flood Risk Assessment ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Vulnerability Map ◽  
The City

Developing countries in the global south that contribute less to climate change have suffered greater from its impacts, such as extreme climatic events and disasters compared to developed countries, causing climate justice concerns globally. Ho Chi Minh City has experienced increased intensity and frequency of climate change-induced urban floods, causing socio-economic damage that disturbs their livelihoods while urban populations continue to grow. This study aims to establish a citywide flood risk map to inform risk management in the city and address climate justice locally. This study applied a flood risk assessment framework integrating a coupled nature–human approach and examined the spatial distribution of urban flood hazard and urban flood vulnerability. A flood hazard map was generated using selected morphological and hydro-meteorological indicators. A flood vulnerability map was generated based on a literature review and a social survey weighed by experts’ priorities using the Fuzzy Delphi Method and Analytic Network Process. Vulnerability indicators including demographic characteristics, infrastructure, and land use patterns were used to generate a flood vulnerability map. The results illustrate that almost the entire central and northeastern parts of the city are at high flood risk, whereas the western part is at low flood risk. The findings have implications in urban planning via identifying risk hot spots in order to prioritize resources for mitigating hazards and enhancing community resilience to urban floods.

scholarly journals Reducing Urban Flood Risk Through Building- and Lot-Scale Flood Mitigation Approaches: Challenges and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Sandink ◽  
Andrew D. Binns
Keyword(s):  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Flood Mitigation ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Flooding Events

Urban flooding events are a significant driver of disaster loss, resulting in insured and uninsured losses, property damage, and negative impacts on residents and communities in Canada and internationally. The risk of flooding in urban environments is affected by watershed characteristics, environmental conditions, and the presence and condition of flood management and mitigation technologies. Several building- and lot-scale (or private-side) flood mitigation options are available to better protect properties from the risk of flooding, including backwater valves and foundation drainage systems to reduce the risks of sewer surcharge and infiltration flooding into basements, respectively. The overall success of private-side approaches to reduce the risk of flooding into buildings is reliant upon consistent installation procedures, building code interpretation and enforcement, public engagement, and maintenance. Current research into private-side approaches is presenting many opportunities and solutions for improved flood protection against water-related disasters at home. A greater understanding of the performance of private-side technologies under complex site-specific conditions can help to appoint flood prevention strategies better suited to individual home characteristics. This review paper explores the inter-related factors that affect the risk of basement flooding and explores the challenges and opportunities associated with the adoption and success of private-side flood mitigation approaches. Developing a greater understanding of basement flood vulnerability at the lot-scale will assist in identifying and prioritizing private-side strategies for homeowners to adopt and reduce the risk of flooding based on site-specific conditions affecting flood vulnerability. Continued efforts to evaluate and identify flood risk factors and the performance of private-side strategies are needed to better manage urban flooding events.

Disability and Economic Development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Suhrcke
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
Causal Nature ◽  
The Individual

While definitional and measurement problems pose a challenge, there is no doubt that disability affects a noticeable share of the population, the vast majority of whom live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The still comparatively scarce empirical data and evidence suggests that disability is closely associated with poverty and other indicators of economic deprivation at both the country and—if with slightly greater nuance—at the individual/household level. There is also a growing body of evidence documenting the sizeable additional costs incurred by persons with disabilities (PwDs) as a direct or indirect consequence of their disability, underlining the increased risk of PwDs (and the households they are part of) falling under the absolute poverty line in any given LMIC. Looking ahead, there remains considerable scope for more evidence on the causal nature of the link between disability and poverty, as well as on the (cost-)effectiveness of interventions and policies attempting to improve the well-being of PwDs.

scholarly journals Multilevel Resilience of Fishing Communities of Coastal Bangladesh Against Covid-19 Pandemic and 65-Day Fishing Ban

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumana Sultana ◽  
Haseeb Md. Irfanullah ◽  
Samiya A. Selim ◽  
Syed Tauheed Raihan ◽  
Joy Bhowmik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Policy ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Fishing Communities ◽  
Household Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Governance Strategies ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Different Levels

The unusual situation that arose due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the 65-day fishing ban (national policy to boost depleted fish stocks) affected the lower-income fishing communities in coastal Bangladesh. Shocks and stresses were posed, and community people adopted strategies to adapt to the changes. In the process of adaptation, social-ecological systems resilience at different levels plays a crucial role. Though resilience is acknowledged as multilevel feature, studies on the interaction between the levels while understanding communities’ responses to shock and stress are limited. Thus, in this study, we explored the shocks and stresses the fishing community faced and their views on the resilience feature at different levels (i.e., individual, household, and community level) in coastal Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic and 65-day fishing ban period. The study found that the most resilience promoting features (e.g., diversified livelihood, friendship, and network of supports) were adopted at the individual and household levels. However, positive and negative interactions were explored between resilience features at all levels. Low community-level resilience was not translated into a lack of household-level resilience, and strong individual-level resilience did not mean high household-level resilience. It was noted that the increased resilience of a particular individual or household could negatively affect community resilience. Resilience features showed inconsistent interactions within or among the three levels’ resilience features. The study also revealed that multilevel resilience features stressed the importance of combining persistence (i.e., keeping fishing as the main livelihood) and adaptation process (e.g., livelihood diversification). The study showcases the importance of considering multilevel resilience that offers insight into crucial resilience factors which would not be evident if only one level were studied. The overall finding of this study will contribute to framing governance strategies to ensure sustainable coastal management even in the time of any abrupt or expected changes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the fishing ban policy.

THE ROLE OF EDUCATION ON DISASTER PREPAREDNESS CASE STUDY OF 2012 INDIAN OCEAN EARTHQUAKES ON THAILAND’S

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raya Muttarak ◽  
Wiraporn Pothisiri
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Preparedness ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Disaster Experience ◽  
Individual Household ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Individual

In this paper we investigate how well residents of the Andaman coast in Phang Nga province, Thailand, are prepared for earthquakes and tsunami. It is hypothesized that formal education can promote disaster preparedness because education enhances individual cognitive and learning skills, as well as access to information. A survey was conducted of 557 households in the areas that received tsunami warnings following the Indian Ocean earthquakes on 11 April 2012. Interviews were carried out during the period of numerous aftershocks, which put residents in the region on high alert. The respondents were asked what emergency preparedness measures they had taken following the 11 April earthquakes. Using the partial proportional odds model, the paper investigates determinants of personal disaster preparedness measured as the number of preparedness actions taken. Controlling for village effects, we find that formal education, measured at the individual, household, and community levels, has a positive relationship with taking preparedness measures. For the survey group without past disaster experience, the education level of household members is positively related to disaster preparedness. The findings also show that disaster related training is most effective for individuals with high educational attainment. Furthermore, living in a community with a higher proportion of women who have at least a secondary education increases the likelihood of disaster preparedness. In conclusion, we found that formal education can increase disaster preparedness and reduce vulnerability to natural hazards.

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