scholarly journals Hate Crime Victims in Serbia: A Case Study of Context and Social Perceptions

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Jelena Jokanovic
Keyword(s):  
Hate Crime ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Social Responses ◽  
National Minorities ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Novi Sad

This article provides an overview of the Republic of Serbia’s legal framework that incorporates strong guarantees for protection from discrimination, national minorities’ rights, and prosecution of (ethnic) hate crimes, but also describes a social context loaded with strong prejudices. To illustrate the above, I present a case study of two similar incidents of alleged hate crimes reported in a local Serbian newspaper. In both cases, the victims were young men belonging to ethnic minorities. In 2015, within a period of two months, a Serb was attacked in the Croatian capital, Zagreb, and an Albanian-speaking man in the Serbian town, Novi Sad. The articles attracted online comments, 205 and 134 respectively, mostly from readers from Serbia. These comments elicited what are likely to be honest responses because of the relative anonymity provided to authors. By analyzing commentaries on these newspaper items, this article compares social responses to hate crime cases where victims belonged to different ethnic groups and where the incidents occurred in different geographic and social contexts.

scholarly journals Neglect, Marginalization, and Abuse: Hate Crime Legislation and Practice in the Labyrinth of Identity Politics, Minority Protection, and Penal Populism

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andras L. Pap
Keyword(s):  
Identity Politics ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Minority Protection ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Hate Crime Legislation ◽  
Crime Legislation

Abstract Using Hungary as a case study and focusing on legislative policies and the practical application of hate crime legislation, this article shows the various ways legal policy can become misguided in the labyrinth of identity politics, minority protection, and penal populism. The first mistake states can make, the author argues, is not to adopt hate crime legislation. The second error arguably pertains to conceptualizing hate crimes as an identity protection but not a minority-protection mechanism and instrument. The third fallacy the author identifies concerns legislative and practical policies that conceptualize victims based on self-identification and not on the perpetrator’s (or the wider community’s) potential perception and classification. The fourth flaw concerns the abuse of the concept of hate crime when it is applied in interethnic conflicts wherein members of minority communities are perpetrators and the victims are members of the majority communities. The fifth is institutional discrimination through the systematic underpolicing of hate crimes.

POSTSOCIALIST TRANSFORMATION OF CITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA - A CASE STUDY OF NOVI SAD AND PETROVARADIN

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Milka Bubalo-Živković ◽  
Tamara Lukić ◽  
Bojan Đerčan
Keyword(s):  
The Republic ◽  
Novi Sad

Integration, Enlightenment or Rights?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-330
Author(s):  
Anne-Mai Flyvholm
Keyword(s):  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Maximum Variation ◽  
Identity Markers ◽  
Intersectional Theory

Abstract This article examines how Danish Muslim organisations ascribe meaning to hate crimes against Muslims in Denmark. The study is a maximum variation case study of three Muslim organisations. Drawing on intersectional theory, organisations were included that vary on identity markers. While there are great similarities in how the organisations define hate crime, the article argues that they articulate the concept as part of very different socio-political contexts. This suggests that while the organisations in general agree on what hate crime is, the organisations’ intersectional identities affect which socio-political contexts they articulate as relevant in relation to hate crime.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of improving institutional capacities of the state to prevent hate speech and hate crimes

Temida ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-26
Author(s):  
Mirjana Dokmanovic
Keyword(s):  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
The State ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Criminal Offence ◽  
Ethnic Affiliation ◽  
Mitigating Factors ◽  
The Republic

The Republic of Serbia has introduced special circumstances for the determination of sentence for hate crime in the Criminal Code amended in December 2012. If a criminal offence is committed through hate based on race or religion, national or ethnic affiliation, sex, sexual orientation or gender identity of another, the court shall consider any aggravating factors except when it is not stipulated as a feature of the criminal offence. However, the State still neglects to consider mitigating factors. Moreover, it does not pay sufficient attention to eliminating verbal expressions of hatred and discrimination that often precede crimes motivated by hate. The paper discusses the possibility of improving education and coordinated activities of the State, particularly of courts, prosecutors, police and local self-governments, to combat hate speech and hate crimes. The aim of the paper is to present mechanisms of improving institutional capacities to prevent these phenomena that have been implemented within the project ?Implementation of Anti-Discrimination Policies in Serbia? financed by the European Union. The paper concludes that central to the success of this process are the education of state actors, and the development of a value system based on equality and acceptance of diversity.

scholarly journals Sustainable Building Legislation and Incentives in Korea: A Case-Study-Based Comparison of Building New and Renovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 4889
Author(s):  
Fabrizio M. Amoruso ◽  
Min-Hee Sonn ◽  
Soyeon Chu ◽  
Thorsten Schuetze
Keyword(s):  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Sustainable Building ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Fiscal Incentives ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Republic ◽  
New Buildings

More than one quarter of buildings in the Republic of Korea (RoK) are aged, approaching the end of their projected lifetimes, and require renovation. Aged buildings in the RoK are generally demolished, and new buildings with higher gross floor areas are realized on the same properties. That kind of redevelopment is associated with increased resource consumption, related greenhouse gas emissions, and other environmental impacts, as well as the generation of construction waste and the displacement of existing building tenants. This study analyzes the legislative framework for sustainable building in the RoK. Legally mandated basic standards for new buildings and renovation were analyzed, and differences were identified. Calculation methods and criteria for sustainable building incentives were determined. Incentive calculation methods were applied to three case-study buildings, which represented the three most common building types in Korea. Maximum building height, floor-to-area and building coverage ratios, and fiscal incentives for energy-efficient technical systems were quantified for new buildings and renovations. The findings identified the current legislative privileges for new buildings. To increase future sustainable building renovations, the criteria and tools for improving the existing legal framework, and economic feasibility, were identified and discussed.

scholarly journals Not collateral damage: Trends in violence and hate crimes experienced by sex workers in the Republic of Ireland

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-313
Author(s):  
Rosie Campbell ◽  
Lucy Smith ◽  
Becky Leacy ◽  
Miriam Ryan ◽  
Billie Stoica
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Worker Safety ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Republic Of Ireland ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Nuanced Understanding

The Republic of Ireland’s new Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act 2017 (2017 Act) criminalised sex purchase. Drawing on primary data from reports made by sex workers in Ireland to UglyMugs.ie, we analyse trends in violent and other crimes against sex workers in Republic of Ireland (hereafter Ireland). Examining the four-year period 2015–2019, we highlight the various crimes sex workers experience, including incidents of hate crime. Analysis of UglyMugs.ie data found that crimes (including violent offences) against sex workers increased following the introduction of the new law and continued with low levels of reporting of said crimes to the police. The data suggest that the 2017 Act heightens the risks for sex workers. Here, we advocate an intersectional framework to provide a more nuanced understanding of how sex workers in Ireland experience violent and other hate crimes (ICRSE, 2014). We suggest that considering the international research evidence, the most conducive framework in which to reduce violence against sex workers is that of full decriminalisation ( Platt et al, 2018 ). But, as others have pointed out, that legal reform needs to be in tandem with other policies and a refocusing of police resources on sex worker safety, better enabling reporting and access to justice.

scholarly journals Cultural Heritage Digitization in Serbia: Standards, Policies, and Case Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3788
Author(s):  
Zoran Ognjanović ◽  
Bojan Marinković ◽  
Marija Šegan-Radonjić ◽  
Dejan Masliković
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Evolutionary Path ◽  
The Republic ◽  
National Information

The paper identifies necessary steps to create a national information system for management and preservation of cultural heritage documentation. The Republic of Serbia, where the digitization of cultural heritage is recognized as a segment of cultural development and officially accepted as one of the methods for preservation and presentation of heritage documentation, is taken as a case study. The paper describes the evolutionary path of the digitization process in Serbia and analyzes the importance of the adoption of a legal framework and establishment of national standards in the process of achieving the uniqueness in cultural heritage long-term sustainable documentation management and preservation across cultural institutions.

A Conceptual Framework to Map Responses to Hate Crime, Hate Incidents and Hate Speech: The Case of Australia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Matteo Vergani ◽  
Rouven Link
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Hate Crime ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Hate Crimes ◽  
Uneven Distribution ◽  
Policy Area ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Awareness Raising

Responses to hate crimes, hate incidents and hate speech are characterised by an exceptional fragmentation in terminology and lack of coordination among governmental and non-governmental organisations. This article proposes a new conceptual framework to map the diversity of responses to hate crime, hate incidents and hate speech, with the aim of assessing gaps and needs in this important policy area. Using Australia as a case study, we create and analyse a database of 222 organisations running activities focusing on tackling hate against different target groups. The results highlight an uneven distribution of efforts across different geographical areas, types of activities and target groups. The majority of anti-hate efforts, especially by government organisations, focus on awareness raising and education rather than victim support and data collection. Racial and religious hate are the main foci of anti-hate efforts, compared to other forms of hate, such as anti-LGBTIQ+ and disablist hate.

scholarly journals Evaluation model of the quality of theater locations: Case study - Novi Sad, Serbia

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-238
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Vukajlov ◽  
Aleksandra Milinkovic ◽  
Dijana Brkljac ◽  
Olivera Dobrivojevic
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Current State ◽  
National Theater ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Reduced Activity

With the development of information technologies and weakening of the economic power of citizens in the Republic of Serbia, interest in classical theater has decreased. As a result of their reduced activity, theater facilities are gradually deteriorating, and some are being adapted while others are being closed. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the quality of significant urban parameters, to observe the possibilities for improvement of the functioning of theaters, and to propose concrete measures for revitalization of their surroundings. The efficiency and validity of a defined research methodology were tested on three representative examples, the Serbian National Theater, the Youth Theater, and the Novi Sad Theater, located in Novi Sad in Serbia. Upon recognition of the current state of the spatial, physical, functional and ecological conditions of the areas surrounding the representative theaters, the current problems were recorded, and measures are proposed that would be necessary for the theaters? revitalization.

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