scholarly journals Conhecimento de estudantes de enfermagem sobre os transtornos autísticos

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Ana Caroline Souza Saraiva Ferreira ◽  
Mariana André Honorato Franzoi
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Verbal Language ◽  
The Media ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive ◽  
Evidence Based Care ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the knowledge of Nursing students of a Public University on Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Method: it is a quantitative, descriptive study, carried out with 65 undergraduate students in Nursing. The data were collected through a questionnaire, submitted to statistical analysis and presented in a table. Results: the media was evidenced as the main source for the acquisition of information about ASD by the students. The main alterations of ASD were the difficulties in social interactions, the commitment in communication and use of verbal and non-verbal language, as well as high cognitive abilities. It was found that 90.8% did not feel safe to attend people with ASD. Conclusion: it is concluded that students present reasonable knowledge regarding ASD, but with important weaknesses mainly in relation to symptoms and treatment. It is appropriate to approach about the ASD still in the graduation so that the students of Nursing, future professionals, have more security and knowledge to realize an ethical and evidence-based care. Descriptors: Autisct Disorder; Students, Nursing; Knowledge; Education, Nursing; Pediatric; Nursing, Psychiatric Nursing. RESUMOObjetivo: analisar o conhecimento dos estudantes de Enfermagem de uma universidade pública sobre os Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo (TEA). Método: trata-se de estudo quantitativo, descritivo, realizado com 65 estudantes de graduação em Enfermagem. Coletaram-se os dados por meio de questionário, submetendo-os à análise estatística e apresentando-os em tabela. Resultados: evidenciaram-se os meios de comunicação como a principal fonte para a aquisição de informações sobre os TEA pelos estudantes. Apontaram-se, como principais alterações dos TEA, as dificuldades nas interações sociais, o comprometimento na comunicação e o uso da linguagem verbal e não verbal, além de altas habilidades cognitivas. Verificou-se que 90,8% não se sentem seguros para atender pessoas com TEA. Conclusão: conclui-se que os estudantes apresentam conhecimento razoável referente aos TEA, porém, com fragilidades importantes, principalmente, em relação aos sintomas e tratamento. Faz-se oportuno abordar sobre os TEA ainda na graduação, para que os estudantes de Enfermagem, futuros profissionais, tenham mais segurança e conhecimento para realizar um cuidado ético e baseado em evidências. Descritores: Transtorno Autístico; Estudantes de Enfermagem; Conhecimento; Educação em Enfermagem; Enfermagem Pediátrica; Enfermagem Psiquiátrica.                                                                                                RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar el conocimiento de los estudiantes de Enfermería de una Universidad Pública sobre los trastornos del espectro autista (TEA). Método: se trata de un estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo, realizado con 65 estudiantes de graduación en Enfermería. Se recogen los datos por medio de cuestionario, sometidos al análisis estadístico y presentados en tabla. Resultados: se evidenciaron los medios de comunicación como principal fuente para la adquisición de informaciones sobre TEA por los estudiantes. Se señalaron como principales cambios del TEA las dificultades en las interacciones sociales, el compromiso en la comunicación y uso del lenguaje verbal y no verbal, además de altas habilidades cognitivas. Se verificó que el 90,8% no se siente seguro para atender a las personas con TEA. Conclusión: se concluye que los estudiantes presentan conocimiento razonable referente a los TEA, pero con fragilidades importantes principalmente en relación a los síntomas y tratamiento. Se hace oportuno abordar sobre los TEA aún en la graduación para que los estudiantes de Enfermería, futuros profesionales, tengan más seguridad y conocimiento para realizar un cuidado ético y basado en evidencias. Descriptores: Trastorno Autístico; Estudiantes de Enfermería; Conocimiento; Educación en Enfermería; Enfermería Pediátrica; Enfermería Psiquiátrica. 

AUTISM IN THE DISCOURSE OF THE RUSSIAN MASS MEDIA: CONSTRUCTING OF THE IMAGE OF A HUMAN WITH ASD

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Saveleva Zh.V.
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Media Discourse ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Video Clips ◽  
The Media ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
The Mass Media

The prevalence of autism is growing, the problems of stigmatization and discrimination of people with autism spectrum disorders in society are exacerbating. The mass media play an important role in enlightening and reducing stigmatizing effects, in connection with which the goal was formulated to study the construction of images of a person with ASD in the mass media by the method of qualitative and discourse analysis of video clips from the federal channel. According to the results of the study, it can be argued that the range of characteristics used to describe people with autism in media discourse is diverse, but in retrospect, dominant interpretation models can be identified. At an early stage, the prevailing image of a person with ASD was deprived of the quality’s characteristic of normotypical people who do not want to leave their world. People diagnosed with autism were referred to as the intolerant category of "autistic". Since 2013, there has been a discursive turn, within which the category “autist” is replaced by tolerant speech patterns, adults with autism get into the lens of the media, the topic of uncommunicability as a property of a person with autism is replaced by the intention of the lack of opportunities to communicate, one of the reasons for which is social exclusion. In television stories of recent years, the mass media are actively constructing the image of a person with autism spectrum disorder through his inner world, through the advantages that a person with ASD can have due to his characteristics. However, it cannot be said that there has been a complete change of the image: the old cliches, as a rule, manifest themselves at a more latent level of grammatical constructions and semiotic meanings.

scholarly journals Should Autism Spectrum Conditions Be Characterised in a More Positive Way in Our Modern World?

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Barry Wright ◽  
Penny Spikins ◽  
Hannah Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
World Health ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Spectrum Condition ◽  
The Media

In a special issue that focuses on complex presentations related to Autism, we ask the question in this editorial whether an Autism Spectrum Condition without complexity is a disorder, or whether it represents human diversity? Much research into Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASCs) over the years has focused on comparisons between neuro-typical people and people with Autism Spectrum Conditions. These comparisons have tended to draw attention to ‘deficits’ in cognitive abilities and descriptions of behaviours that are characterised as unwanted. Not surprisingly, this is reflected in the classification systems from the World Health Organisation and the American Psychiatric Association. Public opinion about ASC may be influenced by presentations in the media of those with ASC who also have intellectual disability. Given that diagnostic systems are intended to help us better understand conditions in order to seek improved outcomes, we propose a more constructive approach to descriptions that uses more positive language, and balances descriptions of deficits with research finding of strengths and differences. We propose that this will be more helpful to individuals on the Autism Spectrum, both in terms of individual self-view, but also in terms of how society views Autism Spectrum Conditions more positively. Commentary has also been made on guidance that has been adjusted for people with ASC in relation to the current COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Role of Inner Speech on Serial Recall in Children with ASD: A Pilot Study Using the Luria Hand Test

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shota Mitsuhashi ◽  
Shogo Hirata ◽  
Hideyuki Okuzumi
Keyword(s):  
Serial Recall ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Articulatory Suppression ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Inner Speech ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Hand Test ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

This study was conducted to investigate the relation between the effect of articulatory suppression on the serial recall and severity of social impairments among children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The Luria hand test (LHT) was administered to evaluate the capacity for serial recall in 13 children with ASD. The LHT was administered under three conditions: control, under articulatory suppression, and under spatial suppression. Performance on the LHT of children with ASD was significantly lower in terms of both articulatory suppression and the spatial suppression condition. Moreover, the severity of social impairment in children with ASD was related to individual differences of effects of articulatory suppression on the LHT, but not with effects of spatial suppression. These results support the notion that dialogic inner speech which mediates complex cognitive abilities has inherently social origins.

Communicative Aids with low/high technology for the educational intervention in Autism Spectrum Disorders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saverio Fontani
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Communication Skills ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Alternative Communication ◽  
Augmentative Alternative Communication ◽  
Verbal Language ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

In Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are presents communicative deficits, with impairment of understanding and production of verbal language. In this paper is presented a review of the communicative aids based on systems of Augmentative Alternative Communication, which present opportunities for the development of the communication skills of students with ASD.

scholarly journals The Media Image as a Motivator for the Humanization of Society

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-149
Author(s):  
Olga A Vazhenina
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Space ◽  
The Media ◽  
Contemporary Media ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Developmental Features

The author studies the modern media environment, which reflects the problem of people with personality disorders of the autistic spectrum. The relevance of the article is determined by the severity of the social problems of the categories of deviant people in society and the insufficient degree of study of this context in contemporary media space. The novelty of the research consists in the author's attempt to investigate the role and importance of the media environment in the positioning of the phenomenon of social autism and humanization of society basing on cinema . Among the most socially important issues which are being reflected in contemporary media space the problems of disabled and deviant people take a major place. Contemporary cinema promotes the penetration and dissemination of socially significant ideas in society: responsibility, differentiation, humanism. Films about people with autism spectrum disorders are included in many films about the problem of sick people, people with disabilities and people with developmental features. The key idea of this large thematic group is to overcome the existing life circumstances and attempts to live a full life. The ideological features of films about autistics, as the author assumes, differ from the conceptual field of films of the general thematic group. These features are: projection into society of the image of the savant - a highly functional autist and the fact that such people are better (more honest, naive, more moral) than ordinary people. Proceeding from the increase in the total number of films devoted to this problem and their ideological homogeneity and uniqueness, the conclusion follows that a trend is being formed in society to humanize the social attitude to people with autism spectrum disorders.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study on Cranio-Facial Characteristics Associated with Minor Neurological Dysfunctions (MNDs) in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 566
Author(s):  
Laura Maniscalco ◽  
Bonnet-Brilhault Frédérique ◽  
Michele Roccella ◽  
Domenica Matranga ◽  
Gabriele Tripi
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Neurological Dysfunction ◽  
P Value ◽  
Subcortical Structures ◽  
Children With Asd ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

Background. Craniofacial anomalies and minor neurological dysfunction (MNDs) have been identified, in literature, as risk factors for neurodevelopmental disorders. They represent physical indicators of embryonic development suggesting a possible contributory role of complications during early, even pre-conceptional, phases of ontogeny in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Limited research has been conducted about the co-occurrence of the two biomarkers in children with ASD. This study investigates the associative patterns of cranio-facial anomalies and MNDs in ASD children, and whether these neurodevelopmental markers correlate with intensity of ASD symptoms and overall functioning. Methods. Caucasian children with ASD (n = 33) were examined. Measures were based on five anthropometric cranio-facial indexes and a standardized and detailed neurological examination according to Touwen. Relationships between anthropometric z-scores, MNDs and participant characteristics (i.e., age, cognitive abilities, severity of autistic symptoms measured using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) checklist) were assessed. Results. With respect to specific MNDs, significant positive correlations were found between Cephalic Index and Sensory deficits (p-value < 0.001), which did not correlate with CARS score. Importantly, CARS score was positively linked with Intercanthal Index (p-value < 0.001), and negatively associated with posture and muscle tone (p-value = 0.027) and Facial Index (p-value = 0.004). Conclusion. Our data show a link between a specific facial phenotype and anomalies in motor responses, suggesting early brain dysmaturation involving subcortical structures in cerebro-craniofacial development of autistic children. This research supports the concept of a “social brain functional morphology” in autism spectrum disorders.

scholarly journals Total Challenge: A Serious Game for Stimulating Cognitive Abilities

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Vítor H. Carvalho ◽  
Tiago Martins ◽  
Filomena Soares ◽  
Miguel Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Serious Game ◽  
People With Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

If properly used, the high potential of student’s digital literacy may revert to the benefit of Education. Education efficiency may lie in applying the concept of “fun” learning that characterizes the so-called “serious game” that promotes the competitiveness. This type of game can also be used to solve or mitigate problems involving health care, more specifically those relating to intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorders, within which there is still much study to be performed. In this sense, we present the Total Challenge, a game oriented to learning which stimulates cognitive abilities of children, but whose potential can be also used to monitor the progress of people with intellectual disabilities or autism spectrum disorders.

Cognitive abilities in siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 232 (7) ◽  
pp. 2381-2390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Gizzonio ◽  
Pietro Avanzini ◽  
Maddalena Fabbri-Destro ◽  
Cristina Campi ◽  
Giacomo Rizzolatti
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

scholarly journals Onde está a enfermagem? A (in)visibilidade desta categoria profissional nos meios de comunicação

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
João Caio Silva ◽  
Hylda Moraes ◽  
Francisco Araújo ◽  
Maria Karolayne Araujo ◽  
Marcos Renato Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Students ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Audiovisual Media ◽  
Software Interface ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Social Objective ◽  
Professional Self ◽  
The Media ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion

Objetivo: analisar a visibilidade da Enfermagem nos meios de comunicação segundo a percepção de acadêmicos de Enfermagem. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva e exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, com a participação de acadêmicos de Enfermagem do primeiro e último semestres. Concebeu-se a coleta de dados por meio de roteiro semiestruturado. Analisaram-se os dados sob os preceitos da Análise de Conteúdo associada com o software Interface de R pour lês Analyses Multidimensionalles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ)®. Resultados: destacou-se, pelos entrevistados, que a Enfermagem é desvalorizada nos meios de comunicação, salientando, também, a recorrente valorização dos profissionais da Medicina nessas mídias em detrimento da Enfermagem e demonstrando a necessidade de reivindicar esta realidade. Conclusão: cerca-se a Enfermagem de estereótipos em sua representação nas mídias e isso implica a sua desvalorização social e visibilidade profissional.Palavras-chave: Mídia Audiovisual; Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem; Autoimagem; Valorização Social. Objective: to analyze the visibility of Nursing in the media according to the perception of Nursing students. Methodology: it is a descriptive and exploratory research, with a qualitative approach, with the participation of nursing students from the first and last semesters. Data collection was conceived using a semi-structured script. Data was analyzed under the precepts of Content Analysis associated with the software Interface de R pour lês Analyses Multidimensionalles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ)®. Results: it was highlighted, by the interviewees, that Nursing is devalued in the media, also emphasizing the recurrent valorization of Medicine professionals in these media to the detriment of Nursing and demonstrating the need to claim this reality. Conclusion: stereotypes Nursing is surrounded in its representation in the media and this implies its social devaluation and professional visibility.Keywords: Audiovisual Media; Role of the Ursing Professional; Self image; Social Appreciation. Objetivo: analizar la visibilidad de Enfermería en los medios de comunicación según la percepción de los estudiantes de Enfermería. Metodología: se trata de una investigación descriptiva y exploratoria, con enfoque cualitativo, con la participación de estudiantes de Enfermería del primer y último semestre. La recolección de datos se concibió utilizando un guión semiestructurado. Los datos se analizaron bajo los preceptos del Análisis de Contenido asociado con el software Interface de R pour lês Analyses Multidimensionalles de Textes et de Questionnaires (IRAMUTEQ) ®. Resultados: los entrevistados destacaron que la Enfermería se devalúa en los medios de comunicación, destacando también la valoración recurrente de los profesionales de la Medicina en estos medios en detrimento de la Enfermería y demostrando la necesidad de reclamar esta realidad. Conclusión: la Enfermería está rodeada de estereotipos en su representación en los medios y esto implica su devaluación social y visibilidad profesional.Palabras clave: Medios Audiovisuales; Rol del Profesional de Enfermería; Autoimagen; Apreciación Social.

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