scholarly journals Checklist of the vascular alien flora of Catalonia (northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain)

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pere Aymerich ◽  
Llorenç Sáez
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Progressive Reduction ◽  
Degree Of Naturalization ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Invasive Taxa

This is an inventory of the vascular alien flora of Catalonia (northeastern Iberian Peninsula, Spain) updated to 2018, representing 1068 alien taxa in total. 554 (52.0%) out of them are casual and 514 (48.0%) are established. 87 taxa (8.1% of the total number and 16.8 % of those established) show an invasive behaviour. The geographic zone with more alien plants is the most anthropogenic maritime area. However, the differences among regions decrease when the degree of naturalization of taxa increases and the number of invaders is very similar in all sectors. Only 26.2% of the taxa are more or less abundant, while the rest are rare or they have vanished. The alien flora is represented by 115 families, 87 out of them include naturalised species. The most diverse genera are Opuntia (20 taxa), Amaranthus (18 taxa) and Solanum (15 taxa). Most of the alien plants have been introduced since the beginning of the twentieth century (70.7%), with a strong increase since 1970 (50.3% of the total number). Almost two thirds of alien taxa have their origin in Euro-Mediterranean area and America, while 24.6% come from other geographical areas. The taxa originated in cultivation represent 9.5%, whereas spontaneous hybrids only 1.2%. From the temporal point of view, the rate of Euro-Mediterranean taxa shows a progressive reduction parallel to an increase of those of other origins, which have reached 73.2% of introductions during the last 50 years. The most important way of introduction is gardening (58.0%), followed by agriculture and commerce, while forestry is marginal. Invasive taxa mainly come from gardening and trade, but the proportion of the latter that become invasive is higher (6.1% and 15.6%, respectively). Most of the established aliens are annual and perennial forbs, while other biological types are less represented. These two types are also dominant among the invasive alien species, although a notable increase of trees and climbers has been observed recently.

scholarly journals The Checklist of the Sardinian Alien Flora: an Update

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina PODDA ◽  
Valerio LAZZERI ◽  
Olga MAYORAL ◽  
Gianluigi BACCHETTA
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Fast Spreading ◽  
Biological Form ◽  
Invasive Taxa

Alien plants colonization, due to the fast spreading of highly invasive taxa, is more and more a serious source of concerns for habitat and species conservation. Apart direct in situ intervention, it is of major importance to acquire the best and up to date knowledge about alien taxa that currently threaten the integrity of wild and valuable environments. In this light, here is presented the update to the checklist of alien vascular flora of the island of Sardinia (Italy) on the basis of the new findings, nomenclatural adjustments, and revision of diffusion status of alien taxa. The checklist at present, consists of 541 taxa (84 doubtful) which represent 17% of the whole flora of the island; 22 taxa are new to the island and 7 of them for Italy. Neophytes represent the majority of the whole alien flora (301, 66% of the total) and, in confront to archaeophytes, gather nearly all invasive taxa (54 vs 4). The new findings are all neophytes. Phanerophytes (42%) are the most representative biological form and Americas represents the region that mostly contributes to the Sardinian alien flora (33%). Further analysis highlights that, in terms of number of taxa, highly anthropically impacted environments such as synanthropic (36%) and agricultural (23%) are the eligible habitats for most of the alien species in Sardinia while coastal areas and wetlands, beyond hosting a lower number of taxa, are characterized by the relative highest number of invasives.

scholarly journals The alien flora of Sudan and South Sudan: taxonomic and biogeographical composition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Omer ◽  
Maha Kordofani ◽  
Haytham H. Gibreel ◽  
Petr Pyšek ◽  
Mark van Kleunen
Keyword(s):  
Alien Species ◽  
South Sudan ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
Disturbed Habitats

AbstractStudies on plant invasions depend on local and regional checklists of the alien flora. However, global overview studies have shown that some regions, including many African countries, remain understudied in this regard. To contribute to filling this gap, here we present the first checklist of alien plants of Sudan and South Sudan (the Sudans). We analysed the taxonomic and geographical composition of the species on this list. Our result show that of the 113 alien species in Sudans (99 in Sudan and 59 in South Sudan), 92 (81.4%) are naturalized and 21 (18.6%) are just casual aliens. The number of naturalized species represent 2.2% of the total flora of the Sudans (4096). The alien species belong to 44 families and 85 genera, and many of them are native to Southern America and Northern America (85.8%). Annual and perennial herbs are the prevailing life forms in the alien flora of the Sudans (68.1%), and, among the casual species, perennial herbs are underrepresented whereas woody tree species are over-represented. Alien plants of the Sudans are mostly used for medicinal and environmental purposes globally. The naturalized plants predominantly occur in man-made disturbed habitats, such as agricultural and ruderal habitats. This first overview of the alien flora of the Sudans should stimulate further research and recording of the alien flora to better understand the drivers and consequences of alien plants in the Sudans.

scholarly journals Moving out of town? The status of alien plants in high‐Arctic Svalbard, and a method for monitoring of alien flora in high‐risk, polar environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesamine C. Bartlett ◽  
Kristine Bakke‐Westergaard ◽  
Ingrid M. G. Paulsen ◽  
Ronja E. M. Wedegärtner ◽  
Florian Wilken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
High Arctic ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
The Status

scholarly journals To the study of alien species in the flora of Khakassia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Ebel ◽  
◽  
S.A. Sheremetova ◽  
I.A. Khrustaleva ◽  
T.O. Strelnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plants ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Alien Plants ◽  
Black Book ◽  
Alien Plant Species ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Scientific Network ◽  
Alien Flora ◽  
The Republic

As a result of the field studies, analysis of publications and herbarium materials, it has been established that by now the alien flora of the Republic of Khakassia includes about 140 species of vascular plants. Of this number, more than 30 species are invasive plants included in the “Black Book of Flora of Siberia” (2016). In recent years, there has been both a fairly rapid replenishment of the flora with alien plants and a noticeable dispersal of a number of invasive species across the territory of Khakassia. For the purpose of monitoring alien plant species, we use the capabilities of the international scientific network iNaturalist.org.

scholarly journals Alien Plant Diversity in Mediterranean Wetlands: A Comparative Study within Valencian, Balearic and Sardinian Floras

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga MAYORAL ◽  
Francesco MASCIA ◽  
Lina PODDA ◽  
Emilio LAGUNA ◽  
Pere FRAGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Balearic Islands ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Alien Plant ◽  
Mediterranean Wetlands ◽  
Alien Flora

Although wetlands provide an important range of environmental, social and economic services, they are increasingly subjected to anthropogenic perturbations, amongst which invasion by alien plants is particularly alarming. This paper focuses on the alien flora of wetlands from three territories belonging to the western Mediterranean area: one continental (Valencian Community) and two insular (Balearic Islands and Sardinia), providing a complete checklist for the three territories and a general comparison. In total, 380 alien taxa from 89 families have been reported, being the Valencian Community the area richer in taxa (312), followed by the Balearic Islands (151) and Sardinia (134). The invasive component includes 77 taxa, of which nine are common to the three territories - and have been recognised as the most invasive ones in Mediterranean islands - and six are considered invasive worldwide (Ailanthus altissima, Arundo donax, Cortaderia selloana, Oxalis pes-caprae, Ricinus communis and Eichhornia crassipes). Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) revealed that the three territories do not show statistically relevant differences in relation to the alien species present in wetlands and their characteristics. The information on the characteristics of plants in similar habitats of the same biogeographic region provides a portrait of the current dimensions of the phenomenon in Western Mediterranean wetlands and is especially useful from the management perspective: its predictive value can be applied in establishing a prioritization of control measures of those most invasive species and will help screening new introductions with invasive potential.

scholarly journals Exploring the Dynamic Organization of Random and Evolved Boolean Networks

Algorithms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Gianluca d’Addese ◽  
Salvatore Magrì ◽  
Roberto Serra ◽  
Marco Villani
Keyword(s):  
Fitness Function ◽  
Interaction Network ◽  
Boolean Networks ◽  
Dynamic Regime ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Critical Dynamic ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Dynamic Organization

The properties of most systems composed of many interacting elements are neither determined by the topology of the interaction network alone, nor by the dynamical laws in isolation. Rather, they are the outcome of the interplay between topology and dynamics. In this paper, we consider four different types of systems with critical dynamic regime and with increasingly complex dynamical organization (loosely defined as the emergent property of the interactions between topology and dynamics) and analyze them from a structural and dynamic point of view. A first noteworthy result, previously hypothesized but never quantified so far, is that the topology per se induces a notable increase in dynamic organization. A second observation is that evolution does not change dramatically the size distribution of the present dynamic groups, so it seems that it keeps track of the already present organization induced by the topology. Finally, and similarly to what happens in other applications of evolutionary algorithms, the types of dynamic changes strongly depend upon the used fitness function.

Presence of the leech Placobdella costata in the south of the Iberian Peninsula

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Romero ◽  
Jesús Duarte ◽  
Lucía Narváez-Ledesma ◽  
Miguel Farfán ◽  
Raimundo Real
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Southern Spain ◽  
Freshwater Turtle ◽  
Emys Orbicularis ◽  
The North ◽  
Mauremys Leprosa ◽  
Fragmented Population

AbstractPlacobdella costata is a leech specific to freshwater turtle Emys orbicularis. Both genera are native to North America and have co-evolved and undergone dispersion through the Palearctic. The leech is present throughout the Mediterranean area, always associated with E. orbicularis. Their only known presence in the Iberian Peninsula is in the north and center of the peninsula. Here we present the first description of the leech in southern Spain (Andalusia) in association with a small fragmented population of fresh-water turtles in which E. orbicularis and Mauremys leprosa coexist. Unusually, the leech was found attached to the carapace of a male M. leprosa.

Genetic relationship between Murcia Region (SE Spain) and other populations in the Iberian Peninsula and Mediterranean area with respect to HFE gene mutations distribution

2007 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 455-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Muro ◽  
Maria R. Moya-Quiles ◽  
Carmen Botella ◽  
Leontino García ◽  
Alfredo Minguela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Genetic Relationship ◽  
Gene Mutations ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Hfe Gene ◽  
Se Spain ◽  
Hfe Gene Mutations

Aircraft Efficiencies

1938 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 319-364
Author(s):  
N. A. V. Piercy
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Fluid Motion ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Engineering Science ◽  
Wing Area ◽  
The Past ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Notable Increase ◽  
Aerial Transport

The past seven years have witnessed remarkable developments in aircraft. They have marked the advent, for example, of autogyros, cantilever monoplanes, landing flaps, variable-pitch airscrews, and retracting undercarriages. Equally apparent to engineers will have been the perfection of powerful and compact engines weighing little more than 1 lb. per h.p., the adoption of skin stressing and ducted cooling, the shrinkage of wing area until nearly twice as much load is carried per square foot, and the elimination of exposed struts, wires, levers, and rivet heads. Speeds have advanced greatly with little sacrifice in flying weight per brake horse-power or in useful load. Thus there has occurred a very notable increase in the efficiency of aircraft, exercising a profound influence on aerial transport. Many methods of construction, which have been especially devised to meet stringent conditions as regards economy in weight, should also find application in other high-class engineering productions. Again, the new knowledge of fluid motion and matters associated with it, constituting the engineering science of aerodynamics, must eventually prove of service in hydraulics, heat transfer, ventilation, and kindred subjects. In the paper some of the main considerations affecting the efficiency of aircraft are described. Exhaustive discussion would form too comprehensive a subject, and it has been decided to consider especially those factors in which fluid motion plays a prominent part. Where possible, however, the treatment takes into account structural and other efficiencies attainable in given circumstances. The point of view adopted is that of civil transport, where efficiency is most urgent. Discussion will turn essentially on speed and, in justification, it may be remarked at once that ( a) speed is exceptionally important in the air since the drift of head winds must be subtracted in full, and ( b) high speed is the prerogative of aircraft, being in the nature of things most economically and safely attained in their case.

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