CARS - A Spatio-temporal BDI Recommender System: Time, Space and Uncertainty

Abstract. Global satellite measurements of solar-induced ﬂuorescence (SIF) from chlorophyll over land and ocean have proven useful for a number of different applications related to physiology, phenology, and productivity of plants and phytoplankton. Terrestrial chlorophyll ﬂuorescence is emitted throughout the red and far-red spectrum, producing two broad peaks near 683 and 736 nm. From ocean surfaces, phytoplankton ﬂuorescence emissions are entirely from the red region. Studies using satellite-derived SIF over land have focused almost exclusively on measurements in the far- red, since those are the most easily obtained with existing instrumentation. Here, we examine new ways to use existing hyper-spectral satellite data sets to retrieve red SIF over both land and ocean. Our approach offers noise reductions as compared with previously published solar line ﬁlling retrievals by making use of the oxygen (O2) γ-band that is not affected by SIF. The O2 γ-band in conjunction with solar Fraunhofer lines help to anchor the O2 B-band that provides additional information on red SIF. Biases due to instrumental artifacts that vary in time, space, and with instrument, must be addressed in order to obtain reasonable results. The satellite instruments that we use were designed to make atmospheric trace- gas measurements and are therefore not optimal for observing SIF; they have coarse spatial resolution and only moderate spectral resolution (∼0.5 nm). Nevertheless, these instruments offer a unique opportunity to compare red and far-red terrestrial SIF at regional spatial scales. Our eight year record of red SIF observations over land with the Global Ozone Monitoring Instrument 2 (GOME-2) allows for the ﬁrst time reliable global mapping of monthly anomalies. These anomalies are shown to have similar spatio-temporal structure as those in the far-red, particularly for drought-prone regions. There is a somewhat larger percentage response in the red as compared with the far-red for these areas that are sensitive to soil moisture, although the differences are within the speciﬁed uncertainties that are dominated by systematic errors. We also demonstrate that high quality ocean ﬂuorescence line height retrievals can be achieved with GOME-2 and similar instruments by utilizing the full complement of radiance measurements that span the red SIF emission feature.

Download Full-text

RESEARCH ON CONSTRUCTION METHOD OF SPATIO-TEMPORAL DATA MODEL BASED ON BEHAVIOR-EVENT

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w10-591-2020 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol XLII-3/W10 ◽

pp. 591-594

Author(s):

J. W. Li ◽

Y. Ma ◽

J. W. Jiang ◽

W. D. Chen ◽

N. Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Model ◽

Logical Structure ◽

Physical Structure ◽

Temporal Data ◽

Model Based ◽

Time Space ◽

Before And After ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Temporal Objects ◽

Organic Combination

Abstract. Starting from the object-oriented idea, this paper analyses the existing event-based models and the logical relationship between behavioral cognition and events, and discusses the continuity of behavioral cognition on the time axis from the perspective of temporal and spatial cognition. A geospatial data model based on behavioral-event is proposed. The physical structure and logical structure of the model are mainly designed, and the four-dimensional model of “time, space, attribute and event” is constructed on the axis. The organic combination of the four models can well describe the internal mechanism and rules of geographical objects. The expression of data model based on behavior-event not only elaborates the basic information of geospatial objects, but also records the changes of related events caused by the changes of geographic Entities' behavior, and expresses the relationship between spatial and temporal objects before and after the changes of behavior cognition. This paper also designs an effective method to organize spatio-temporal data, so as to realize the effective management and analysis of spatio-temporal data and meet the requirements of storage, processing and mining of large spatio-temporal data.

Download Full-text

Análise da Variação Espaço-Temporal das Áreas Verdes e da Qualidade Ambiental em Áreas Urbanas, Recife-PE (Analysis of the Time-Space Variation of Green Areas and the Environmental Quality in Urban Areas, Recife-PE)

Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física ◽

10.26848/rbgf.v7.6.p1196-1214 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 1196

Author(s):

Tiago Henrique de Oliveira ◽

José Gleidson Dantas ◽

Josiclêda Domiciano Galvíncio ◽

Rejane Magalhães de Mendonça Pimentel ◽

Milton Botler

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Environmental Quality ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Rapid Change ◽

Large Temperature ◽

Natural Soil ◽

Area Index ◽

Time Space ◽

Green Areas ◽

Spatio Temporal

As rápidas mudanças do uso e cobertura do solo em ambiente urbano apresentam grande impacto nas relações entre os ciclos energéticos e hidrológicos sobre a superfície. O município do Recife, através da Lei de Uso e Ocupação do Solo de 1996 (Lei nº 16.176/96) define área verde como “toda área de domínio público ou privado, em solo natural,onde predomina qualquer forma de vegetação, distribuída em seus diferentes estratos: Arbóreo, Arbustivo e Herbáceo /Forrageira, nativa ou exótica”. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a variação espacial das áreas verdes disponíveis no município do Recife e a evolução espaço-temporal da qualidade ambiental na RPA 4 através do computo do Índice de umidade (NDWI), Índice de Área Foliar (IAF) e Temperatura da superfície em imagens TM Landsat. Foi realizada uma classificação supervisionada na ortofotocarta Recife onde as áreas verdes foram exportadas para polígonos, permitindo a sua quantificação. Para as imagens TM foi aplicada parte da metodologia SEBAL. As áreas verdes ocupam 45,58% do Recife. Os transectos lineares e perfis permitiram visualizar mais facilmente as mudanças espaço-temporais ocorridos na RPA-4. Foi visualizada grande diferença de temperatura entre as áreas vegetadas e as áreas mais urbanizadas. Palavras-chave: Uso e ocupação do solo; área urbana, áreas vegetadas, sensoriamento remoto; MAXVER. A B S T R A C T The rapid change of use and land cover in urban environment poses great impact on relations between energy and hydrological cycles on the surface. The municipality of Recife, through the Land Use Legislation from 1996 (Law No. 16.176/96) defines green area as ";;;;;;any public or private domain area, in natural soil, where overcrows any form of vegetation, distributed in its different layers: Arboreal, shrubby and Herbaceous Forage, native or exotic";;;;;;. The goal of this paper is to analyze the spatial variation of available green areas in the city of Recife and the spatio-temporal evolution of environmental quality in the Political Administrative Region 4, known as RPA-4, through the calculation of moisture content (NDWI), leaf area index (LAI) and the surface temperature from Landsat TM images. Supervised classification was performed on orthophoto Reef where the green areas were exported to polygons, allowing its quantification. For the TM images, it has been applied the methodology SEBAL. The green areas occupy 45.58% of Recife. The linear transects and profiles allowed to show more easily space-time changes occurring in the RPA-4. Large temperature differences have been displayed between the most vegetated areas and more urbanized areas. Key-words: Land use; urban areas; vegetated area, remote sensing; MAXVER.

Download Full-text

Plague Time: Space, Fear, and Emergency Statecraft in Early Modern Italy

Renaissance and Reformation ◽

10.33137/rr.v44i2.37522 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 87-111

Author(s):

Nicholas A. Eckstein

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Seventeenth Century ◽

Early Modern ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Temporal Dimension ◽

Early Modern Italy ◽

Time Space ◽

Contingent Response ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Historical Examination

Michel Foucault argued famously that early modern European governors responded to plague by quarantining entire urban populations and placing citizens under minute surveillance. For Foucault, such sixteenth- and seventeenth-century policies were the first steps towards an authoritarian paradigm that would only emerge in full in the eighteenth century. The present article argues that Foucault’s model is too abstracted to function as a tool for the historical examination of specific emergencies, and it proposes an alternative analytical framework. Addressing itself to actual events in early modern Italy, the article reveals that when plague threatened, Florentine and Bolognese health officials projected themselves into a spatio-temporal dimension in which official actions and perceptions were determined solely by the spread of contagion. This dimension, “plague time,” was not a stage on the irresistible journey towards Foucault’s “utopia of the perfectly governed city.” A contingent response to a recurrent existential menace, plague time rose and fell in response to events, and may be understood as a season.

Download Full-text

What is Movement?

International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science ◽

10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.7n.1p.9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Nikos C. Apostolopoulos

Keyword(s):

The Body ◽

Human Existence ◽

Temporal Perception ◽

Human Consciousness ◽

The Core ◽

Time Space ◽

The World ◽

Spatio Temporal

On the basis of their corporeity humans are not only beings of distance but also the beings of proximity, rooted beings, not only inner worldly but also beings in the world (Patocka, 1998)Over the centuries the dialectical confluence of metaphysics and epistemology has been at the forefront in the attempt to define the concept of what it is to be human and ultimately human existence. The union of several aspects conceived from these two opposite elements has been responsible for the genesis of numerous philosophical terms and ideas such as: rationalism, materialism, socialism and idealism. Although these terms reference something different, what is primarily at the core has been the endeavour to analyse and demonstrate that it is through man’s relationship with nature that one garners the understanding of self. Human consciousness in conjunction with a spatio-temporal perception, defined as movement through the time-space continuum, creates the condition where the possibility of defining the essence of existence may blossom. In this commentary, an effort is made to present movement, specifically its relationship to the “body” as the physical construct for the meaning of self.

Download Full-text

Spatio-temporal modelling of the duration of the cotton cycle in the State Of Goiás, Brazil

Engenharia Agrícola ◽

10.1590/s0100-69162011000400004 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 652-662

Author(s):

Jorge C. dos A. Antonini ◽

Euzebio M. da Silva ◽

Nori P. Griebeler ◽

Edson E. Sano

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

The State ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Model Parameters ◽

Crop Fields ◽

Time Space ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Temperature Records ◽

Comparative Results

The objective of this work was to develop and validate a mathematical model to estimate the duration of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium hutch) cycle in the State of Goiás, Brazil, by applying the method of growing degree-days (GD), and considering, simultaneously, its time-space variation. The model was developed as a linear combination of elevation, latitude, longitude, and Fourier series of time variation. The model parameters were adjusted by using multiple-linear regression to the observed GD accumulated with air temperature in the range of 15°C to 40°C. The minimum and maximum temperature records used to calculate the GD were obtained from 21 meteorological stations, considering data varying from 8 to 20 years of observation. The coefficient of determination, resulting from the comparison between the estimated and calculated GD along the year was 0.84. Model validation was done by comparing estimated and measured crop cycle in the period from cotton germination to the stage when 90 percent of bolls were opened in commercial crop fields. Comparative results showed that the model performed very well, as indicated by the Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.90 and Willmott agreement index of 0.94, resulting in a performance index of 0.85.

Download Full-text

Merging diaries and GPS records: The method of data collection for spatio-temporal research

Moravian Geographical Reports ◽

10.1515/mgr-2015-0007 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 12-25

Author(s):

Martin Šveda ◽

Michala Madajová

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Traditional Method ◽

Temporal Data ◽

Proof Of Concept ◽

Data Frame ◽

Gps Technology ◽

Time Space ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Transportation Research ◽

Space Data

Abstract The results of a ‘proof-of-concept’ study that examined a new opportunity for using GPS technology in activity surveys are presented in this article. The aim is to demonstrate the method of collection and processing of individual time-space data via the dual records of a time-space diary and the GPS locator. The GPS technology here is not treated as a substitute for the traditional method of diaries; rather, the paper concentrates on the potential existing in a combination of these two techniques. The time-geographical approach and the corresponding methodology are used in order to assess the complexities of an individual’s everyday life, and to capture the spectrum of human activities in a data frame applicable to different analyses in behavioural, social and transportation research. This method not only improves the quality and robustness of spatio-temporal data, but also reduces under-reporting and the burdens on the respondents.

Download Full-text

MAP-Vis: A Distributed Spatio-Temporal Big Data Visualization Framework Based on a Multi-Dimensional Aggregation Pyramid Model

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10020598 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 598

Author(s):

Xuefeng Guan ◽

Chong Xie ◽

Linxu Han ◽

Yumei Zeng ◽

Dannan Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Visual Analysis ◽

Interactive Visualization ◽

Temporal Data ◽

Time Space ◽

Big Data Visualization ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

And Performance ◽

Open Datasets ◽

Map Data

During the exploration and visualization of big spatio-temporal data, massive volume poses a number of challenges to the achievement of interactive visualization, including large memory consumption, high rendering delay, and poor visual effects. Research has shown that the development of distributed computing frameworks provides a feasible solution for big spatio-temporal data management and visualization. Accordingly, to address these challenges, this paper adopts a proprietary pre-processing visualization scheme and designs and implements a highly scalable distributed visual analysis framework, especially targeted at massive point-type datasets. Firstly, we propose a generic multi-dimensional aggregation pyramid (MAP) model based on two well-known graphics concepts, namely the Spatio-temporal Cube and 2D Tile Pyramid. The proposed MAP model can support the simultaneous hierarchical aggregation of time, space, and attributes, and also later transformation of the derived aggregates into discrete key-value pairs for scalable storage and efficient retrieval. Using the generated MAP datasets, we develop an open-source distributed visualization framework (MAP-Vis). In MAP-Vis, a high-performance Spark cluster is used as a parallel preprocessing platform, while distributed HBase is used as the massive storage for the generated MAP data. The client of MAP-Vis provides a variety of correlated visualization views, including heat map, time series, and attribute histogram. Four open datasets, with record numbers ranging from the millions to the tens of billions, are chosen for system demonstration and performance evaluation. The experimental results demonstrate that MAP-Vis can achieve millisecond-level query response and support efficient interactive visualization under different queries on the space, time, and attribute dimensions.

Download Full-text

Comprehensive Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Travel Climate Comfort Degree and Rainstorm-Flood Disaster Risk in the China–Russia Border Region

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12083254 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 3254

Author(s):

Yezhi Zhou ◽

Juanle Wang ◽

Elena Grigorieva ◽

Eugene Egidarev ◽

Wenxuan Zhang

Keyword(s):

Temporal Analysis ◽

Border Region ◽

Risk Level ◽

Risk Area ◽

High Risk Area ◽

The North ◽

Time Space ◽

Spatial Regularity ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Suitable Area

Infrastructure and tourism is gradually increasing along the China–Russia border with the development of the China–Mongolia–Russia economic corridor. Facing the issues of thermal comfort and rainstorm-flood risk in the neighborhood area between China and Russia, we constructed homologous evaluation models to analyze spatial regularity and internal variations of their effect. Among the results, approximately 55% of the area was classified into the categories of “comfort” and “high comfort” in summer. Oppositely, the situation of most areas in winter corresponds to physical discomfort. On the other hand, the high-risk area of rainstorm-flood in spring and summer is principally located in the northern and southern regions, respectively, while this is further expanded in autumn. After that, the risk level turns to medium and low. Subsequently, a comprehensive assessment coordinate system of the two results was constructed to identify the distribution pattern of a seasonal suitable area for traveling in binary ways. The evaluation shows that Great Khingan Range in the north-western Heilongjiang province is the preferable place among most of seasons, especially in summer. While on the Russian side, the corresponding area is mainly spread over its southern coastal cities. The study is expected to provide recommendations for reasonable year-round travel time, space selection, and risk decision support for millions of people traveling between China and Russia.

Download Full-text

Characterization of dynamic evolution of the spatio-temporal variation of rain-field in Hong Kong

Hydrology Research ◽

10.2166/nh.2015.129 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (2) ◽

pp. 468-482 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peng Liu ◽

Yeou-Koung Tung

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Spatial Structure ◽

Temporal Structure ◽

Radar Data ◽

Small Scale ◽

Large Set ◽

Time Space ◽

Main Challenge ◽

Geostatistical Approach ◽

Spatio Temporal

A significant part of Hong Kong has hilly terrain with relatively short flow concentration time and, hence, is susceptible to the threat of flash floods and landslides during intense convective thunderstorms and tropical cyclones. For places like Hong Kong, a rainfall model that could adequately capture small-scale temporal and spatial variations would be highly desirable. The main challenge in rain-field modeling is to capture and describe the dynamic time-space evolution of the rainfall during rainstorm events. In this study, radar data with a high spatial (1 km2) and temporal (6 min) resolution of four rainstorm events in Hong Kong are analyzed. A geostatistical approach based on indicator variograms of rain-fields is used. The spatial structure of a rain-field is found to be highly anisotropic and should be adequately considered in the model. Variability of the spatial structure of a rain-field was described well by the main features of the variograms. Moreover, it is possible to identify whether multiple rainstorm centers exist by comparing the mean length and range. In order to establish reliable statistics on the spatial and temporal structure of rain-fields in Hong Kong, this approach could be applied to a large set of rainstorm events in this same region in the future.

Download Full-text