scholarly journals In Vitro Effect of 96% Ethanol Extract of Bitter Herbs (Andrographis paniculata Nees) on Heme Detoxification Process of Plasmodium falciparum Parasites

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
. Safarianti ◽  
Aty Widyawaruyanti ◽  
Hilkatul Ilmi ◽  
Achmad Fuad ◽  
Indah Tantular ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Detoxification Process

LEAVES OF ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA IS AN ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTICANCER AGENT

2020 ◽  
pp. 213-217
Author(s):  
S. ANNAI THERASA ◽  
G. SOBIYA ◽  
S. MABEL PARIMALA
Keyword(s):  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Dna Fragmentation ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Sample ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Promising Source

Objective: Andrographis paniculata (Family: Acanthaceae) is a well-known medicinal plant used in the Indian traditional system of medicine for the treatment of many chronic diseases. The present study was aimed to quantify secondary metabolites, determine antioxidant, and anticancer activity of ethanol extract of A. paniculata leaves. Methods: Leaf sample was macerated with ethanol solvent. Alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenols, and flavonoids were quantified with standard calibrations. The antioxidant potential was tested using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. In vitro anticancer activity was evaluated using human epithelial type 2 (HEp-2) cell line. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was used to estimate the cytotoxicity of the extracts. Apoptotic and necrotic effects were characterized by DNA fragmentation assay and fluorescence microscopy using the dual acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining method. Results: The phytochemical analysis reveals the presence of alkaloids, saponins, phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and steroids. Alkaloids, terpenoids, saponins, phenol, and flavonoid content were recorded as follows: 9.84%, 8.42%, 13.94%, 44.37 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g, and 904 mg quercetin equivalent/100 g, respectively. The antioxidant activity from DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays showed dose-dependent inhibition of free radicals. In cell viability tests, cell death with increasing extract concentration was observed. DNA fragmentation and AO/EB stain confirmed apoptosis and necrosis in extract-treated cells. Conclusion: The results indicate that A. paniculata is a promising source for the development of antioxidant and anticancer drugs.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Potential of Satureja hortensis L. in Fresh Cow Cheese

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ersilia Alexa ◽  
Corina Danciu ◽  
Ileana Cocan ◽  
Monica Negrea ◽  
Adriana Morar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Satureja Hortensis ◽  
Fresh Cheese ◽  
Vitro Effect

This study presents data about the chemical composition and antimicrobial effect of Satureja hortensis L. used as both dry plant and essential oil, on fresh cow’s cheese, in order to extend its shelf-life. The proximate and elemental composition of dry plant of Satureja hortensis L. highlights important level of microelements. The content of microelements increases even when small amounts of Satureja hortensis in fresh cheese were added. The addition of Satureja hortensis dry plant leads to an increase in Fe (13.46–65.54%) and Mn (8.33–88.33%) content of fresh cheese, depending on the amount of plant added. The composition of essential oil isolated from Satureja hortensis L. was analyzed by GC-MS and the main compounds found were carvacrol (19.68%), o-cymene (30.86%), and p-cymene (28.07%). In order to use Satureja hortensis L. as natural preservative in food industry, in vitro effect of plant extract and essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus Gram-positive bacteria was tested. The oil of Satureja hortensis L. showed antimicrobial activity at 0.50–1.5%, while the alcoholic extract does not inhibit Staphylococcus aureus mycelial growth. The antimicrobial effect of Satureja hortensis L. dry plant in various proportions (0.5–1.5%) and essential oil (0.1%; 0.25%; 0.5%), on fresh cow’s cheese, was assessed after 3 and 7 days by counting colonies obtained at 30°C. Results have shown that the addition of Satureja hortensis L. dry plant and essential oil led to a reduction in the total number of germs, this reduction being more significant when the essential oil was used. Regarding the effect of Satureja hortensis L. essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus inoculated in fresh cow’s cheese, the results highlight that the essential oil of Satureja hortensis L. may be a natural solution to prevent the development of this bacteria, while the ethanol extract does not prove to be effective.

scholarly journals Andrographolide: A Novel Antimalarial Diterpene Lactone Compound fromAndrographis paniculataand Its Interaction with Curcumin and Artesunate

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirti Mishra ◽  
Aditya P. Dash ◽  
Nrisingha Dey
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Template Molecule

Andrographolide (AND), the diterpene lactone compound, was purified by HPLC from the methanolic fraction of the plantAndrographis paniculata. The compound was found to have potent antiplasmodial activity when tested in isolation and in combination with curcumin and artesunate against the erythrocytic stages ofPlasmodium falciparum in vitroandPlasmodium bergheiANKAin vivo. IC50s for artesunate (AS), andrographolide (AND), and curcumin (CUR) were found to be 0.05, 9.1 and 17.4 μM, respectively. The compound (AND) was found synergistic with curcumin (CUR) and addictively interactive with artesunate (AS).In vivo, andrographolide-curcumin exhibited better antimalarial activity, not only by reducing parasitemia (29%), compared to the control (81%), but also by extending the life span by 2-3 folds. Being nontoxic to thein vivosystem this agent can be used as template molecule for designing new derivatives with improved antimalarial properties.

scholarly journals Various Parts of Helianthus annuus Plants as New Sources of Antimalarial Drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Wiwied Ekasari ◽  
Dwi Widya Pratiwi ◽  
Zelmira Amanda ◽  
Suciati ◽  
Aty Widyawaruyanti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Antimalarial Agent ◽  
A Value ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Background. Each part of H. annuus plants is traditionally used as medicinal remedies for several diseases, including malaria. Antimalarial activity of the leaf and the seed has already been observed; however, there is no report about antimalarial activity of the other parts of H. annuus plants. In this study, we assess in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of each part of the plants and its mechanism as antimalarial agent against inhibition of heme detoxification. Objective. To investigate the antimalarial activity of various parts of H. annuus. Methods. Various parts of the H. annuus plant were tested for in vitro antimalarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain (chloroquine-sensitive), in vivo antimalarial activity against P. berghei using Peters’ 4-day suppressive test in BALB/c mice, curative and prophylaxis assay, and inhibition of heme detoxification by evaluating β-hematin level. Results. Ethanol extract of the roots showed the highest antimalarial activity, followed by ethanol extract of leaves, with IC50 values of 2.3 ± 1.4 and 4.3 ± 2.2 μg/mL, respectively and the percentage inhibition of P. berghei of 63.6 ± 8.0 and 59.3 ± 13.2 at a dose of 100 mg/kg, respectively. Ethanol extract of roots produced an ED50 value of 10.6 ± 0.2 mg/kg in the curative test and showed an inhibition of 79.2% at a dose of 400 mg/kg in the prophylactic assay. In inhibition of heme detoxification assay, root and leaf ethanol extracts yielded a lower IC50 value than positive (chloroquine) control with a value of 0.4 ± 0.0 and 0.5 ± 0.0 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion. There were promising results of the ethanol extracts of root of H. annuus as a new source for the development of a new plant-based antimalarial agent.

scholarly journals Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.) leaf extract activity as an α-Amylase enzyme inhibitor

2021 ◽  
pp. 305-308
Author(s):  
Yustina Sri Hartini ◽  
Dewi Setyaningsih ◽  
Maria Josephine Vivian Chang ◽  
Maria Cyrilla Iglesia Adi Nugrahanti
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Andrographis Paniculata ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Ic50 Value

Introduction: Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) is an antidiabetic medicinal plant that acts by inhibiting the α-amylase enzyme. Andrographolide, the active compound of sambiloto leaf, is insoluble in water but dissolves in ethanol. Aim: This study compared the in vitro activity of aqueous extract and ethanolic extract of sambiloto leaf with the α-amylase enzyme. Methods: The inhibitory activity test of the α-amylase enzyme was carried out using the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometric method by measuring the absorbance of the remaining starch, which forms a blue complex with iodine-iodide. Results: The inhibitory activity of the α-amylase enzyme of the aqueous extract of sambiloto leaf (with the IC50 value of 14.203 ± 0.112 mg/mL) was lower than that of the ethanol extract (with the IC50 value of 9.253 ± 0.116 mg/mL). The results of the statistical tests showed significant differences (p <0.05) between the inhibitory activity of the α-amylase enzyme acarbose and the activity of both extracts.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antimalaria Ekstrak Kasar Etanol dan Fraksi n-Heksana Rumput Bambu (Lophatherum gracile B.) secara in Vitro

ALCHEMY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Ella Wulandari ◽  
Dewi Yuliani ◽  
Elok Kamilah Hayati ◽  
Roihatul Muti'ah
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mosquito Bite

<p>Malaria is a disease caused by infectious parasite <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> and can be transmitted through mosquito bite. The aim of this research was to study antimalarial activity <em>in vitro</em> on crude ethanol extract and n-hexane fraction of bamboo grass (<em>Lophatherum gracile</em> B.). Extraction was carried out by ethanol 80% solvent and fractionation was conducted by n-hexane. Determination of antimalarial activity was subjected to <em>P. falciparum</em> strain 3D7. According to phytochemical test, crude ethanol extract contained tannin and terpenoid, whilst n-hexane fraction contained tannin and steroid. The capability of crude ethanol extract and n-hexane fraction to inhibit <em>P. falciparum</em> was represented by IC<sub>50</sub> value. The value of both samples respectively was 12.49 and 61.49 µg/mL. Identification based on LC-MS (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry), n-hexane fraction shown the presence of tannin and steroid compounds.</p><p>  </p><p>Malaria merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi parasit <em>Plasmodium falciparum</em> yang dapat ditularkan melalui gigitan nyamuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antimalaria secara <em>in vitro</em> pada ekstrak kasar etanol dan fraksi n-heksana rumput bambu (<em>L</em><em>ophat</em><em>h</em><em>erum gracile </em>B.). Proses ekstraksi dilakukan dengan pelarut etanol 80% dan fraksinasi dengan n-heksana. Uji aktivitas antimalaria dilakukan pada parasit <em>P. falciparum </em><em>strain</em> 3D7<em>.</em> Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak etanol mengandung tanin dan terpenoid, sedangkan fraksi n-heksana mengandung tanin dan steroid. Kemampuan ekstrak etanol dan fraksi n-heksana dalam menghambat parasit <em>P. falciparum</em> menghasilkan nilai IC<sub>50</sub> masing-masing sebesar 12,49 dan 61,49 µg/mL. Identifikasi senyawa dengan KC-SM (kromatografi cair-spektrometri massa) pada fraksi n-heksana menunjukkan adanya senyawa tanin dan steroid.</p>

scholarly journals Aktivitas Penghambatan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Cassia Spectabilis Terhadap Pertumbuhan Plasmodium falciparum dan Plasmodium berghei

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiwied Ekasari ◽  
Nindya Tresiana ◽  
Suciati Iryani ◽  
Tutik Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Heny Arwaty
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Cassia Spectabilis

Background: Antimalarial screening against nine species of the genus Cassia showed that the methanol extract of leaves Cassia spectabilis have the highest activity. Since it will be used as a traditional medicine, hence it is needed further studies of antimalarial activity of these plants by choosing a safer solvent, namely ethanol. Objective: In vitro anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum was conducted using the method of Trager and Jensen. Methods: The serial solution tested were: 100, 10, 1,  0.1 and 0.01 µg/ mL, while the in vivo test was performed based on Peter’s test (The days suppressive test) that using P. berghei (strain ANKA) infected mice. Results: The results showed that ethanolic extract of C. spectabilis leaves has inhibitory activity against P. falciparum with IC50 value of 12.52 µg/ mL and against P. berghei with ED50 value of 131.5 mg/kg body weight. Conclusions: A further study to see the potential of ethanol extract from C. Spectabilis leaves as anti-malaria is warranted. 

scholarly journals Aktivitas Penghambatan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Cassia Spectabilis Terhadap Pertumbuhan Plasmodium falciparum dan Plasmodium berghei

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Wiwied Ekasari ◽  
Nindya Tresiana ◽  
Suciati Iryani ◽  
Tutik Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Heny Arwaty
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Cassia Spectabilis

Background: Antimalarial screening against nine species of the genus Cassia showed that the methanol extract of leaves Cassia spectabilis have the highest activity. Since it will be used as a traditional medicine, hence it is needed further studies of antimalarial activity of these plants by choosing a safer solvent, namely ethanol. Objective: In vitro anti-malarial activity against Plasmodium falciparum was conducted using the method of Trager and Jensen. Methods: The serial solution tested were: 100, 10, 1,  0.1 and 0.01 µg/ mL, while the in vivo test was performed based on Peter’s test (The days suppressive test) that using P. berghei (strain ANKA) infected mice. Results: The results showed that ethanolic extract of C. spectabilis leaves has inhibitory activity against P. falciparum with IC50 value of 12.52 µg/ mL and against P. berghei with ED50 value of 131.5 mg/kg body weight. Conclusions: A further study to see the potential of ethanol extract from C. Spectabilis leaves as anti-malaria is warranted. 

scholarly journals Ascaris suum Cuticle Ultrastructure Due to the In Vitro Application of Ethanol Extract to Fruits Musa x paradisiaca L. ‘Pisang Ambon’

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Dwi Haryatmi ◽  
Okid Parama Astirin ◽  
Tetri Widiyani
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Ascaris Suum ◽  
Degenerative Change ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Cuticle Ultrastructure

Species of Musa have various activities, one of which is anthelmintic activity. Part of banana plants that can be used as anthelmintic is part of the fruit, because of the phytochemical content possessed. Tannin is able to inhibit the enzyme cholinesterase, damage the membrane of the worm and can precipitate the protein.  The purpose of this research is to know the content of tannin and also total tannin level on ethanol extract of Musa x paradisiaca L. ‘Pisang Ambon’ and in vitro effect of the extract on Ascaris suum cuticle.  Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) showed of ethanol extract of Ambon banana containing tannin with a total test of tannin was 54.98% w/w. In vitro at negative control (NaCl 0.9%) worm death occurred at 289 hours, positive control (pyrantel pamoate 5 mg/ml) at 1 hour, extract concentration 200 mg/ml at hour 27 and concentration 400 mg/ml at 1 hour. Histopathological examination and scanning electron microscope showed a degenerative change in ultrastructures of the worm's cuticle. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that exposure of ethanol extract to Ambon banana give a damaging effect to cuticle ultrastructure in the form of crack/break, perforation and separation of muscular from cuticle and edema on A. suum worm. High tannin content in the raw/green ambon banana, can be developed to eradicate ascariasis including egg stage which until now cannot be done with synthetic drugs due to the thickness and strength of layers of worm eggs consisting of layers of protein and lipids.

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