scholarly journals Approaches to Assess Market Power in the Online Networking Market

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-262
Author(s):  
Shin-Ru Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Entry Barriers ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Index Approach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Facebook, the world’s largest online networking platform, is the subject of multiple antitrust investigations by various state and federal regulators. Yet scholars and practitioners remain divided on how to measure Facebook’s market power. Some argue that conventional approaches for identifying market power are suitable for the online networking market. This Article argues such conventional approaches are inadequate for assessing market power in online networking markets.This Article begins by introducing the traditional approaches that courts have employed to assess market power: the direct effects approach, the Lerner Index approach, and the market share approach. It next describes Facebook’s business model and shows that, because Facebook is a two-sided market, these traditional approaches should not be applied to Facebook.Instead, the Article proposes that the information gaps, switching costs, and entry barriers approaches are better suited for assessing the market power of online networking platforms. The Article thus concludes by proposing a legal framework for assessing market power in online networking platforms which employs such non-traditional approaches. While this Article uses Facebook as the main case study, this paper’s findings are equally applicable to similar online networking platforms.

scholarly journals Interactive Multi-Sensory Environments for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vytautas Zalys
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Hand Coordination ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Audio Video ◽  
The Impact

The emerging of digital technology not only encourages the development of new tools but also changes traditional approaches to solving emerging problems. The sound, music, art, colors, etc. that prevailed in the 20th-century forms of therapy are being replaced by integrated systems that overcome many of these forms, thanks to digital technology. With the increasing number of people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the world, such systems provide new opportunities for the treatment of these disorders. In this research, the creation of such a system has been chosen as the object of work. The article presents an interactive tool for the education of children with ASD created by audio, video, and computer technologies and assesses its potential impact. The experimental research and its results are presented. This study aims to evaluate an interactive instrument developed for the education of such children. Following the objectives of ensuring the interactivity of the process, provoking all the perceptions of the subject, and developing the subject's ability to respond to the environment, a personalized audiovisual environment was created. For interactivity, the virtual program EyeCon, Webcam and camcorders, video projector, and speaker system were used. The study was conducted with one subject and a case study method was used. The impact of the instrument was established based on a survey of the parents of the child and the findings of childcare experts. The results of the study demonstrated the positive benefits for this child such as increased eye-to-hand coordination, concentration duration, improved communication, and emotional expression. The results obtained show that such interactive multi-sensory environments in special and general education schools can be a supplemental tool for traditional methods.

scholarly journals “International arbitration in investment disputes” case study of Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabah Ahmd Farag
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Investment Climate ◽  
International Arbitration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Investment Promotion ◽  
Arbitration Process ◽  
Peaceful Settlement ◽  
The Subject

Purpose This theme will be addressed through main points: Special Nature of Investment Disputes and its methods of peaceful settlement. International legal framework governing Arbitration in investment disputes: A. Multilateral legal framework. B. Bilateral legal framework/Investment promotion and protection agreementsTypes of arbitration in investment disputes. The Egyptian experience in investment disputes arbitration. The National legal framework. Egypt on the map of investment disputes in the world. A case study. Conclusion: Results related to the legal framework regulating investment disputes in Egypt. Results related to The arbitration cases against Egypt. Design/methodology/approach The researcher investigates the subject of international arbitration in investment disputes in the framework of voluntary theory, which is based on the premise that the satisfaction of people who are addressing the international legal norm is the basis of the same rule. In other words, the basis of international law is based on the satisfaction of the State and other international legal persons Both, and then express or implied consent. Findings Despite the availability of domestic and regional arbitration mechanisms in Egypt represented by a large number of cases. Research limitations/implications The theme for the study primarily on Egypt and the international arbitration of investment disputes, through theoretical and practical study of disputes arbitration which Egypt is a party defendant in which to focus on what was issued in which the provisions of the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes, in an attempt to find out the reasons for the verdicts image released it, where it came mostly against Egypt, and whether these judgments against them in investment disputes due to reasons related to the legal framework of the arbitration process, or for reasons of bodies of arbitration issued by those provisions, or to the defense, which represents the Egyptian party, or to the circumstances Economic and political (which represents the investment climate). Originality/value The proposed solutions to improve the conditions and factors surrounding the arbitration disputes that Egypt is waging against foreign investors, whether they are initially alleged or accused of drafting agreements and contracts, through amending the relevant legislation and laws, selecting arbitration bodies and defense bodies.

Implementing E-Business Models in the Public Services

2011 ◽  
pp. 22-53
Author(s):  
Francesca Andreescu
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Business Model ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
The Public ◽  
Sector Model ◽  
Organisational Form ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Despite the significant progress made by research into e-business models, the issue of how public sector organisations can successfully make the transition from traditional approaches to e-business by taking advantage of e-technologies has received little attention. This chapter draws on qualitative, longitudinal case-study research carried out between 2001 and 2005 in Britain’s national mapping agency to reveal the processes of strategic and organisational transformation engendered by E-business in an organisation evolving from the classical, bureaucratic and centralised ‘public sector model’ towards a new organisational form through embracing e-business as a corporate philosophy. The study also explores the key components of the new e-business model implemented by the organisation and the contextual factors that impacted on the effectiveness of E-strategy implementation in order to draw a list of best practices for the implementation of E-business in a public sector context.

How to strengthen the business model of an Italian family food business

2017 ◽  
Vol 119 (11) ◽  
pp. 2309-2324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Giacosa ◽  
Alberto Ferraris ◽  
Filippo Monge
Keyword(s):  
Business Model ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Food Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Management Of Innovation ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on how a medium-sized company operating in the food sector should strengthen its business model, thanks to a combination between tradition and innovation. Design/methodology/approach This research focuses on one case study. The subject of the case study under analysis is Golosità dal 1885, an internationally recognized fine food Italian company. Findings Golosità dal 1885 is characterized by a strong combination of tradition and innovation, both in products and processes. The company’s competitiveness is the result of a balanced management of innovation, in respect of the family’s values, thanks to the active presence of two family generations. Research limitations/implications This study is characterized for some limitations, related to the method and to the choice of a single case study. In terms of theoretical implications, the study emphasizes the importance of the link between the food sector and the region it is rooted in. Practical implications Practical implications relate to different groups of stakeholders: for owners and management, for investors, for organizations and institutions working on a territory promotion and in the tourism sector, and for politicians and local authorities. Originality/value The originality of the research is represented by a focusing on how a strategy based on an effective combination between tradition and innovation should increase the competitive advantage, especially in a mature sector – as the food one – characterized by the need to offer a differentiated and innovative range of products and services for overcoming the consumptions crisis.

The Use of EMDR in Reducing Presentation Anxiety: A Case Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randolph T. Barker ◽  
Sandra B. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Communication ◽  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Traditional Approaches ◽  
Expert Ratings ◽  
Management Position

Effective presentation skills are vital for success in most organizations. Preparing students for their careers, college educators often require that students demonstrate effective presentation skills. While traditional approaches to managing presentation anxiety help some students, EMDR may offer an effective intervention for those with serious presentation anxiety. This case study involves a student with presentation anxiety referred for EMDR from an organizational communication class. The subject delivered videotaped presentations and completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) prior to and after completing three EMDR sessions. The subject’s pre–post STAI scores reduced from the 98th to the 55th percentile. Blind expert ratings of the videotaped presentations indicated pronounced performance improvement. At 12-month follow-up, the subject was successfully employed in a management position, making effective presentations without intense anxiety.

scholarly journals Nanotechnology within Halal Legal Framework: Case Study of Nano-Based Food Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (july 2019) ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nizam Awang ◽  
Zalina Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Scale Level ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Monitoring And Enforcement ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Sophisticated Technology

‘Halal’ is currently being pursued in many consumer products, including those that containing nanomaterials or regular materials manipulated at nano-scale level. As the governor of Halal affairs in Malaysia, the Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM) is responsible to ensure regulatory approval for nano-based products must be consistent with the Halal parameter set out under Syariah law. Despite Halal certification in this area also remains low in Malaysia, there is a need to investigate the approach to regulating nanotechnology products in order to see if protection of consumers is guaranteed; and whether Halal and safety mechanisms for consumer products are vigilant enough. In realising these aims, this paper takes nano-based food products as a case study. Through analysis, this paper provides an original perspective of how can the existing Halal legal framework adequately covers nanotechnology products. It will involve, firstly, the discussions of the Trade Description Act 2011 or TDA 2011 (as well as the Trade Description (Definition of Halal) Order 2011 and the Trade Description (Certification and Marking of Halal) Order 2011) and legislations governing the two specific sectors. Secondly, it examines whether the existing Halal legal framework is capable of dealing with more complex and sophisticated technology-based products like foods that contain nanomaterials or using nanotechnology. In setting out the parameter of whether the existing regulation is adequate to protect consumers, it highlights legal and regulatory issues relevant to safety regulation of nano-enabled food and cosmetic products. The paper finds that the current Halal legal framework has covered all consumer goods and products, including nano-based products. Indeed, the products are also subject to specific Halal monitoring and enforcement similar to other Halal approved products. This is also in tandem with the concept of Halal Thoyyiban that permits any goods for consumption as long as they are safe and do not cause harm. However, within this it should not be forgotten that such products/technology remain the subject of considerable research as this technology is relatively nascent and the safety/ risk threshold has not been fully ascertained.

The effect of advertising on market share instability in the hotel industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiang-Ming Chen ◽  
Yu-Chen Lin ◽  
Ho-Wen Yang
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Entry Barriers ◽  
Advertising Intensity ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
International Tourist

Although the theoretical literature on the effect of advertising is well developed, few empirical studies quantify the importance of advertising on the market share instability of hotels. This article investigates the influence of advertising on market share instability using Taiwanese international tourist hotel operation data. Telser argues that advertising reduces a leading firm’s market share instability by creating market power and entry barriers. This study provides empirical evidence for the theoretical inverse relationship between advertising intensity and market share instability among leading firms in the hotel industry. It identifies advertising as an important factor influencing the market share instability of hotels. Moreover, advertising tends to increase the market share instability of leading firms for different quantiles of the market share instability. The results lend moderate support to the validity of the hypothesis in the Telser model.

Determinants and barriers of PV self-consumption in Spain from the perception of the installers for the promotion of distributed energy systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-169
Author(s):  
José Ángel Gimeno ◽  
Eva Llera Sastresa ◽  
Sabina Scarpellini
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Transition Scenario

Currently, self-consumption and distributed energy facilities are considered as viable and sustainable solutions in the energy transition scenario within the European Union. In a low carbon society, the exploitation of renewables for self-consumption is closely tied to the energy market at the territorial level, in search of a compromise between competitiveness and the sustainable exploitation of resources. Investments in these facilities are highly sensitive to the existence of favourable conditions at the territorial level, and the energy policies adopted in the European Union have contributed positively to the distributed renewables development and the reduction of their costs in the last decade. However, the number of the installed facilities is uneven in the European Countries and those factors that are more determinant for the investments in self-consumption are still under investigation. In this scenario, this paper presents the main results obtained through the analysis of the determinants in self-consumption investments from a case study in Spain, where the penetration of this type of facilities is being less relevant than in other countries. As a novelty of this study, the main influential drivers and barriers in self-consumption are classified and analysed from the installers' perspective. On the basis of the information obtained from the installers involved in the installation of these facilities, incentives and barriers are analysed within the existing legal framework and the potential specific lines of the promotion for the effective deployment of self-consumption in an energy transition scenario.

Cyber crimes in the banking sector: Case study of Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
LE Thanh Tam ◽  
Nguyen Minh Chau ◽  
Pham Ngoc Mai ◽  
Ngo Ha Phuong ◽  
Vu Khanh Huyen Tran
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Technological Revolution ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Cyber Crimes

The technological revolution 4.0 brings great opportunities, but also cybercrimes to economic sectors, especially to banks. Using secondary data and survey results of 305 bank clients, the main findings of this paper are: (i) there are several types of cybercrimes in the banking sector; (ii) Vietnam is one of the top countries worldwide having hackers and being attacked by hackers, especially the banking sector. Three most common attacks are skimming, hacking and phishing. Number of cybercrime attacks in Vietnam are increasing rapidly over years; (iii) Vietnamese customers are very vulnerable to cybercrime in banking, as more than 58% seem to hear about cybercrimes, and how banks provide services to let them know about their transactions. However, more than 50% do not have any deep knowledge or any measures for preventing cybercrime; (iii) Customers believe in banks, but do not think that banks can deal with cybercrime issues well. They still feel traditional transactions are more secure than e-transactions; (iv) the reasons for high cybercrimes come from commercial banks (low management and human capacity), supporting environment (inadequate), legal framework (not yet strong and strict enough on cybercrimes), and clients (low level of financial literacy). Therefore, several solutions should be carried out, from all stakeholders, for improving the cybersecurity in Vietnamese banks. 

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