scholarly journals Promoting a More Inclusive Definition of Global Health in U.S. Medical Schools

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Khetpal
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
American Medical ◽  
Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
Health Systems Strengthening ◽  
Faculty Recruitment ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Funding Opportunities

Due to increased funding opportunities, faculty recruitment, and growing interest among medical students, global health has evolved into a mainstay in American medical education. However, medical schools continue to engage with global health through fundamentally different definitions of the term itself.1,2,3 These interpretations range widely, from emphasis on neglected tropical diseases, to health systems strengthening. This essay offers a more concise and inclusive definition of global health for academic inquiry undertaken by medical schools in this field - to interpret the word global as global in scope, rather than global in geography alone. Clarifying the definition of global health in this manner offers three distinct advantages. First, it would better align American medical schools’ global health interests to the Sustainable Development Goals passed in 2015 by the United Nations, and other consensus documents shaping the current global health agenda.4 Second, this definition would encourage researchers from non-traditional disciplines in academic medicine to collaborate with medical schools on global health projects. Finally, it would facilitate smoother translation of global health practices between developed and developing countries. Reforming the definition of global health in this nature would ultimately preserve the problem-solving ethos of this field, while streamlining its commendable efforts to improve society.

Global Health and International Development

2018 ◽  
pp. 216-235
Author(s):  
Andrew Harmer ◽  
Jonathan Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Economic System ◽  
International Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Global Population

This chapter explores the relationship between international development and global health. Contrary to the view that development implies ‘good change’, this chapter argues that the discourse of development masks the destructive and exploitative practices of wealthy countries at the expense of poorer ones. These practices, and the unregulated capitalist economic system that they are part of, have created massive inequalities between and within countries, and potentially catastrophic climate change. Both of these outcomes are detrimental to global health and the millennium development goals and sustainable development goals do not challenge these dynamics. While the Sustainable Development Goals acknowledge that inequality and climate change are serious threats to the future of humanity, they fail to address the economic system that created them. Notwithstanding, it is possible that the enormity and proximity of the threat posed by inequality and global warming will energise a counter movement to create what Kate Raworth terms ‘an ecologically safe and socially just space’ for the global population while there is still time.

scholarly journals Sustainable AI: AI for sustainability and the sustainability of AI

AI and Ethics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aimee van Wynsberghe
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Ecological Integrity ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Computing Power ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Sociotechnical System ◽  
Societal Values ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractWhile there is a growing effort towards AI for Sustainability (e.g. towards the sustainable development goals) it is time to move beyond that and to address the sustainability of developing and using AI systems. In this paper I propose a definition of Sustainable AI; Sustainable AI is a movement to foster change in the entire lifecycle of AI products (i.e. idea generation, training, re-tuning, implementation, governance) towards greater ecological integrity and social justice. As such, Sustainable AI is focused on more than AI applications; rather, it addresses the whole sociotechnical system of AI. I have suggested here that Sustainable AI is not about how to sustain the development of AI per say but it is about how to develop AI that is compatible with sustaining environmental resources for current and future generations; economic models for societies; and societal values that are fundamental to a given society. I have articulated that the phrase Sustainable AI be understood as having two branches; AI for sustainability and sustainability of AI (e.g. reduction of carbon emissions and computing power). I propose that Sustainable AI take sustainable development at the core of its definition with three accompanying tensions between AI innovation and equitable resource distribution; inter and intra-generational justice; and, between environment, society, and economy. This paper is not meant to engage with each of the three pillars of sustainability (i.e. social, economic, environment), and as such the pillars of sustainable AI. Rather, this paper is meant to inspire the reader, the policy maker, the AI ethicist, the AI developer to connect with the environment—to remember that there are environmental costs to AI. Further, to direct funding towards sustainable methods of AI.

Achieving the SDGs through interdisciplinary research in global health

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 793-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibylle L Herzig Van Wees ◽  
Mats Målqvist ◽  
Rachel Irwin
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Global Health Research ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
New Research

The Swedish Global Health Research Conference held in Stockholm, 18–19 April 2018, convened researchers from across Sweden’s universities to foster collaboration and new research. In response to the theme of the conference, How can Sweden contribute to the Sustainable Development Goals? From research to action, many of the plenary and keynote speakers highlighted the importance of interdisciplinary research and teaching. This commentary draws upon a workshop discussing interdisciplinarity, which took place at the conference. Participants included senior professors, lecturers, students and collaborators from the private sector and civil society and we discussed the conceptual and structural challenges that prevent engagement in interdisciplinary research. Although the workshop focused on the Swedish context, issues will be familiar to researchers working outside of Sweden. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals highlight the grand challenges for global society and are intertwined, with progress in one affecting progress in all others. With this starting point, we argue that interdisciplinary research is the way to achieve them. Accordingly, we need to overcome the conceptual and structural challenges that can hinder it. We therefore argue for a paradigm shift of how we value knowledge. We also call for fundamental changes in external and internal (university-level) funding structures, and for the strengthening of interdisciplinary global health teaching.

scholarly journals Child development and disability

2018 ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Richard Rosch ◽  
Michelle Heys ◽  
Hannah Kuper
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Developmental Outcomes ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Impact

Worldwide, many children do not meet their developmental potential. This is particularly the case in LMICs and especially affects children living with disability. Thus, improving developmental attainment and reducing the impact of disability has now become an integral part of many of the sustainable development goals. This chapter introduces several tools currently available to measure both childhood development, and the effects of disability. Using examples from current research in global health this chapter introduces both known effective intervention strategies that improve developmental outcomes, and highlights challenges and future priorities for further research. These points are further illustrated using epilepsy as a case study, highlighting how the interaction of biomedical, psychosocial, and socioeconomic factors impacts on childhood development.

International development assistance and health

2019 ◽  
pp. 140-163
Author(s):  
Ronald Labonté ◽  
Arne Ruckert
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Health ◽  
International Development ◽  
Development Assistance ◽  
Macroeconomic Policies ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Health Gains ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Open Question

The pursuit of global health gains has been one the aims of international development policy for several decades. Along with migration, trade agreements and dominant macroeconomic policies (i.e., neoliberalism), development assistance (aid) is one of the defining elements of contemporary globalization, a noblesse oblige on the part of wealthier nations to support the improvement of lives in poorer, often former colonized, nations. Rarely achieving its stated commitments, and declining since its peak-generosity in the 1960s, aid has been subject to intense disagreements, vacillating between being seen as creating a neocolonial dependency, to arguments for its absolute necessity in saving lives. Since 2000 the aid discourse has been dominated by global development goals, the first set expiring in 2015 (the Millennium Development Goals) and the next and more exhaustive set running until 2030 (the Sustainable Development Goals). Whether these new goals will deliver on their commitments remains an open question.

Reducing the Knowledge Gap in Global Health Delivery

2020 ◽  
pp. 152-165
Author(s):  
Andres Garchitorena ◽  
Megan B. Murray ◽  
Bethany Hedt-Gauthier ◽  
Paul E. Farmer ◽  
Matthew H. Bonds
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
International Development ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
New Era ◽  
Health Delivery ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Universal Health

Randomized control trials (RCTs) are considered to be the gold standard for impact evaluation in international development and they are associated with a new era of evidence-based global health policies. However, there are inherent challenges in using RCTs to answer some of the most important questions in global health: why, if solutions are known, affordable at scale, and supported by existing evidence, do hundreds of millions of people lack access to essential health services? A lack of clarity on appropriate research methods for strengthening health systems has corresponded to a lack of investment in more complex and adaptive systems of integrated care delivery. This chapter reviews the use of RCTs in global health, highlighting major contributions, and addressing some pressing priorities in implementation research at a time when the Sustainable Development Goals emphasize the importance of sector-wide approaches, such as integrated primary care and universal health coverage.

scholarly journals Global health research partnerships in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1614-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce Addo-Atuah ◽  
Batoul Senhaji-Tomza ◽  
Dipan Ray ◽  
Paramita Basu ◽  
Feng-Hua (Ellen) Loh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Global Health Research ◽  
Research Partnerships ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Development Goals

scholarly journals The time is now – a call to action for gender equality in global health leadership

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Dhatt ◽  
K. Thompson ◽  
D. Lichtenstein ◽  
K. Ronsin ◽  
K. Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Women's Leadership ◽  
Female Leaders ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Call To Action ◽  
Health Leadership ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Health Programming

AbstractGender equality is considered paramount to the success of the Sustainable Development Goals and incorporated into global health programming and delivery, but there is great gender disparity within global health leadership and an absence of women at the highest levels of decision making. This perspective piece outlines the current gaps and challenges, highlighting the lack of data and unanswered questions regarding possible solutions, as well as the activity of Women in Global Health and efforts to directly address the inequity and lack of female leaders. We conclude with an agenda and tangible next steps of action for promoting women's leadership in health as a means to promote the global goals of achieving gender equality and catalyzing change.

scholarly journals A Creative Living Lab for the Adaptive Reuse of the Morticelli Church: The SSMOLL Project

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10561
Author(s):  
Maria Cerreta ◽  
Alessia Elefante ◽  
Ludovica La Rocca
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Social Innovation ◽  
Adaptive Reuse ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Heritage Sites ◽  
Living Lab ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Artistic Assets

The international debate on the adaptive reuse of cultural heritage sites consistent with the Sustainable Development Goals has become increasingly important in the implementation of circular economy models for urban policies. The new values that characterize cultural assets, considered the result of a collaborative process, can enhance both manufactured and human capital, and provide the basis for a system of relationships that binds them. Furthermore, the values of historical artistic assets produced by community-based regeneration processes are particularly relevant when they characterize abandoned commons and cult buildings, to which communities attribute an identity and symbolic value. Starting from the definition of the concept of complex social value, we propose a methodological process that combines approaches and techniques typical of deliberative evaluations and collaborative decision-making processes. The aim is to identify the complex value chains generated by adaptive reuse, in which intrinsic values can play a driving role in the regeneration strategies of discarded cultural heritage. The experimentation, tested with the project “San Sebastiano del Monte dei Morti Living Lab” (SSMOLL), activates a creative and cultural Living Lab in the former Morticelli church, in the historic center of Salerno, in southern Italy. The reuse project is part of a more comprehensive process of social innovation and culture-led urban regeneration triggered in Salerno starting from SSMOLL. The partial results of the process show how a co-exploration phase has characterized the cultural characteristic of the living lab and how the co-evaluation of the individual activities orient the possible reuse scenarios. Finally, the results provide a first analysis of the relationship types activated.

scholarly journals Global eye health and the sustainable development goals: protocol for a scoping review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e035789
Author(s):  
Justine H Zhang ◽  
Jacqueline Ramke ◽  
Nyawira Mwangi ◽  
João Furtado ◽  
Sumrana Yasmin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Published Data ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Data Ethics ◽  
Eye Health ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Development Goals

IntroductionIn 2015, most governments of the world committed to achieving 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) by the year 2030. Efforts to improve eye health contribute to the advancement of several SDGs, including those not exclusively health-related. This scoping review will summarise the nature and extent of the published literature that demonstrates a link between improved eye health and advancement of the SDGs.Methods and analysisSearches will be conducted in MEDLINE, Embase and Global Health for published, peer-reviewed manuscripts, with no time period, language or geographic limits. All intervention and observational studies will be included if they report a link between a change in eye health and (1) an outcome related to one of the SDGs or (2) an element on a pathway between eye health and an SDG (eg, productivity). Two investigators will independently screen titles and abstracts, followed by full-text screening of potentially relevant articles. Reference lists of all included articles will be examined to identify further potentially relevant studies. Conflicts between the two independent investigators will be discussed and resolved with a third investigator. For included articles, data regarding publication characteristics, study details and SDG-related outcomes will be extracted. Results will be synthesised by mapping the extracted data to a logic model, which will be refined through an iterative process during data synthesis.Ethics and disseminationAs this scoping review will only include published data, ethics approval will not be sought. The findings of the review will be published in an open-access, peer-reviewed journal. A summary of the results will be developed for website posting, stakeholder meetings and inclusion in the ongoing Lancet Global Health Commission on Global Eye Health.

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