scholarly journals Tracheobronchial Foreign Bodies in Children: A Strong History Associated with Plain Chest Radiography Findings Leads to Bronchoscopy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umut Alıcı ◽  
Çiğdem Öztunalı ◽  
Çiğdem Arslan Alıcı ◽  
Hüseyin İlhan ◽  
Baran Tokar
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Group Structure ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Diagnosis Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Breath Sounds ◽  
Chest X Ray

Objective: History and chest x-ray are the main diagnostic tools in children with foreign body aspiration (FBA). The study aims to evaluate clinical, radiological, and bronchoscopic findings associated with early and delayed diagnosis of FBA. Methods: The records of 249 children having bronchoscopy for suspected FBA were analyzed in three groups as negative bronchoscopy for FBA (group I), early diagnosis (group II), and delayed diagnosis (group III). Results: Choking episodes, coughing, and decreased breath sounds were determined significantly in FBA. The percentage of radiopaque FBs was 6.2%. Emphysema in groups II and III; atelectasis and pneumonia in group III were significantly higher on chest x-ray. Pneumonia and significant inflammation found during bronchoscopy were prominent in group III. FBs were mostly vegetable origin and the majority were found in the bronchus, more on the right side. FBs were successfully removed by rigid bronchoscopy except one having thoracotomy. Conclusion: Review of the literature, our current (2010-2019) and previous (1994-2003) studies designed in the same group structure showed that choking episode associated with a radiopaque FB leads to bronchoscopy. Emphysema and atelectasis are also valuable for early diagnosis. Regardless of radiological findings, bronchoscopy should be considered in patients with a strong history.

scholarly journals Transmediastinal and Transcardiac Gunshot Wound with Hemodynamic Stability

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leire Zarain Obrador ◽  
Yusef Mohamed Al-Lal ◽  
Jorge de Tomás Palacios ◽  
Iñaki Amunategui Prats ◽  
Fernando Turégano Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Gunshot Wound ◽  
Median Sternotomy ◽  
Uneventful Recovery ◽  
Hemodynamic Stability ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Entrance Wound ◽  
Group I ◽  
Breath Sounds ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Right

Cardiac injuries caused by knives and firearms are slightly increasing in our environment. We report the case of a 43-year-old male patient with a transmediastinal gunshot wound (TGSW) and a through-and-through cardiac wound who was hemodynamically stable upon his admission. He had an entrance wound below the left clavicle, with no exit wound, and decreased breath sounds in the right hemithorax. Chest X-ray showed the bullet in the right hemithorax and large right hemothorax. The ultrasound revealed pericardial effusion, and a chest tube produced 1500 cc. of blood, but he remained hemodynamically stable. Considering these findings, a median sternotomy was carried out, the through-and-through cardiac wounds were suture-repaired, lung laceration was sutured, and a pacemaker was placed in the right ventricle. The patient had uneventful recovery and was discharged home on the twelfth postoperative day. The management and prognosis of these patients are determined by the hemodynamic situation upon arrival to the Emergency Department (ED), as well as a prompt surgical repair if needed. Patients with a TGSW have been divided into three groups according to the SBP: group I, with SBP>100 mmHg; group II, with SBP 60–100 mmHg; and group III, with SBP<60 mmHg. The diagnostic workup and management should be tailored accordingly, and several series have confirmed high chances of success with conservative management when these patients are hemodynamically stable.

scholarly journals An Integrated Framework with Machine Learning and Radiomics for Accurate and Rapid Early Diagnosis of COVID-19 from Chest X-ray

2021 ◽  
pp. 115152
Author(s):  
Mahbubunnabi Tamal ◽  
Maha Alshammari ◽  
Meernah Alabdullah ◽  
Rana Hourani ◽  
Hossain Abu Alola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Integrated Framework ◽  
Chest X Ray

Deep Learning Based Early Diagnosis for SARS-CoV-2 Using Chest X-Ray Images

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-18
Author(s):  
Abdel Rahman M. Attia ◽  
Sally M. ElGhamrawy
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray

scholarly journals The spectrum and outcome of blunt trauma related enteric hollow visceral injury

2018 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Bekker ◽  
VY Kong ◽  
GL Laing ◽  
JL Bruce ◽  
V Manchev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blunt Trauma ◽  
Abdominal Trauma ◽  
Blunt Abdominal Trauma ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Visceral Injury ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Median Delay ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Hollow Visceral Injury

Introduction This audit focused on patients who sustained enteric injury following blunt abdominal trauma. Methods Our prospectively maintained electronic registry was interrogated retrospectively, and all patients who had sustained blunt abdominal trauma between December 2011 and January 2016 were identified. Results Overall, 2,045 patients had sustained blunt abdominal trauma during the period under review. Seventy per cent were male. The median age was 28 years. Sixty patients (2.9%) sustained a small bowel injury (SBI). Thirty-five of these were peritonitic on presentation. All patients with a SBI had a chest x-ray and free air was present in seven. In 18 patients with a SBI, computed tomography (CT) was performed, which revealed isolated free fluid in 12 and free intraperitoneal air in 5. In five cases, the CT was normal. A total of 32 patients (1.5%) sustained blunt duodenal trauma (BDT). All patients with BDT had a chest x-ray on presentation. Free intraperitoneal air was not present in any. CT was performed on 17 patients with BDT. This revealed isolated free fluid or retroperitoneal air in 12. The median delay between injury and presentation for these enteric injures was 15.5 hours (interquartile range [IQR]: 8–25 hours) while between presentation at hospital and operation, the median delay was 6 hours (IQR: 3–13 hours). Conclusions Blunt trauma related enteric hollow visceral injury remains associated with delayed diagnosis and significant morbidity. It can be caused by a disparate array of mechanisms and is difficult to diagnose even with modern imaging strategies.

scholarly journals Management of Abdominal Tuberculosis in a Community-Based Hospital From a High-Income Developing Country

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussam Mousa ◽  
Saleh Abdel-Kader ◽  
Fikri Abu-Zidan
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Abdominal Tuberculosis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Therapeutic Trial ◽  
Al Ain ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Immunological Assays

Abstract Background: The delayed diagnosis and management of abdominal tuberculosis increases its mortality. We aimed to study the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of patients who had abdominal tuberculosis and treated at Al-Ain Hospital, Al-Ain City, United Arab Emirates.Methods: All patients who had abdominal tuberculosis and treated at Al-Ain Hospital between January 2011 and December 2018 were studied. Data were collected retrospectively using a structured protocol including demography, clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, management, and outcome. Results: Twenty-four patients having a median age of 30 years were studied with an incidence of 0.6/100,000 population. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain (95.8%) and malaise (79.2%). Fever was present only in nine patients (37.5%). Laboratory investigations, except the polymerase chain reaction immunoassay, were not helpful. Chest X-ray was abnormal in three patients (12.5%). Ultrasound and abdominal CT scan were nonspecific. Thirteen patients needed surgical intervention for diagnosis or therapy. Diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in 15 patients (62.5%), immunological assays in 7 patients (29.2%), microbiological culture in one patient (4%), and therapeutic trial in one patient (4%). The most common type of abdominal tuberculosis was gastrointestinal in 13 patients (54.2%) followed by free wet peritonitis in five patients (20.8%). All patients had quadruple anti-tuberculous therapy for a minimum of six months. The median hospital stay was 6.5 days. None of our patients died. Conclusions: Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis remains challenging despite advancements in medical technology and diagnostic tools. The low percentage for the need for diagnostic therapy in our study supports the benefit of PCR assay. Surgery was mainly indicated as the last option to reach the diagnosis or to treat complications.

scholarly journals Lifelong Idiopathic Unilateral Diaphragmatic Paralysis With Recurrent Pneumonia: A Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26743
Author(s):  
Khosrow Agin ◽  
Akram Sabkara ◽  
Farzaneh Sadat Mirsafai Rizi ‎ ◽  
Bita Dadpour ◽  
Maryam Vahabzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Diaphragmatic Paralysis ◽  
Recurrent Pneumonia ◽  
Emergency Center ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus Type Ii ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Breath Sounds ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Right

A 50-year-old woman was admitted to the emergency center with dyspnea, cough, and fever symptoms. She had a medical history of diabetes mellitus type II, rheumatoid arthritis, as well as several admission records due to aspiration pneumonia. The primary diagnosis was diabetic ketoacidosis and pneumonia. Normal breath sounds were reduced on the lower posterior right side of the thorax. A standard chest x-ray and lung Computed Tomography (CT) scan revealed collapse consolidation in the Right Lower Lobes (RLL) and Right Middle Lobes (RML). We here presented a case of unilateral diaphragmatic paralysis with a history of recurrent pneumonia.

scholarly journals Automated Systems for Detection of COVID-19 Using Chest X-ray Images and Lightweight Convolutional Neural Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammad Alqudah ◽  
Shoroq Qazan ◽  
Amin Alqudah
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Softmax Classifier ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Abstract Since December 2019, the appearance of an outbreak of a novel coronavirus disease namely COVID-19 and which is previously known as 2019-nCoV. COVID-19 is a type of coronavirus that leads to the general destruction of respiratory systems and a severe respiratory symptom which are associated with highly Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admissions and death. Like any disease, the early diagnosis of coronavirus leads to limit its wide-spreading and increases the recovery rates of patients. The gold standard of COVID-19 detection is the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) which has been used by the clinician to discover the presence or absence of this type of virus. The clinicians report that this technique has a low positive rate in the early stage of this disease. Based on this, the clinicians were forced to use another way to help in the early diagnosis of COVID-2019. So, the clinician's attention moved towards the medical imaging modalities especially the computed Tomography (CT) and X-ray chest images. Both modalities show that there is a change in the lungs in the case of COVID-19 that is different from any other type of pneumonic disease. Therefore, this research targeted toward employing different Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to propose a system for early detection of COVID-19 using chest X-ray images. These images are classified using different AI algorithms and a combination of them, then their performance was evaluated to recognize the best of them. These algorithms include a convolutional neural network (CNN), Softmax, support vector machine (SVM), Random Forest, and K nearest neighbor (KNN). Here CNN is into two scenarios, the first one to classify the X-ray images using a softmax classifier, and the second one to extract automated features from the images and pass these features to other classifiers (SVM, RFF, and KNN). According to the results, the performance of all classifiers is good and most of them record accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and precision of more than 98%.

scholarly journals Neuro-developmental status of children with congenital hypothyroidism: experience in a tertiary hospital of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Nasreen Islam ◽  
Sayeeda Kabir ◽  
Fauzia Mohsin ◽  
Sharmin Mahbuba ◽  
Bedowra Zabeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Developmental Outcome ◽  
Developmental Assessment ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
And Behavior

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common preventable causes of mental retardation. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment is fundamental for optimal neuro-developmental outcome in children with congenital hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormones play crucial role in early neuro-development especially in the first 2-3 years of life. If left untreated or delayed initiation of treatment in congenital hypothyroidism results in neurological and psychological deficits. Aim of this study was to assess neuro-developmental status of children with congenital hypothyroidism who were on treatment (levo-thyroxine) started at different ages. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at paediatric endocrine outpatient department (OPD) and child development centre (CDC), BIRDEM General Hospital. Children with congenital hypothyroidism presenting at different ages who were followed up at pediatric endocrine OPD between January 2014 and January 2015 were included in the study.Their functional status in different domains were studied by rapid neuro-developmental assessment (RNDA) in CDC. Children with Down syndrome and perinatal asphyxia were excluded. Results: Neuro-developmental assessment was done in 34 children (male 21, female 13). Mean age during assessment was 36 months (standard deviation 18.56). Eighteen patients (53%) were diagnosed in BIRDEM General Hospital and rest 16 (47%) were diagnosed outside BIRDEM General Hospital. Patients were grouped into 4 on the basis of age of diagnosis and start of treatment: group I (age 0-1 month), n=6 (18%); group II (age >1-3 months), n=7 (21%); group III (age >3-12 months), n=9 (26%); group IV (age >12months), n=12 (35%). In group I, five (84%) had normal development and one had mild delay in cognition. In group II, three (43%) had normal development. Cognition and behavior was delayed in 3 patients (43% each), followed by delay in speech in 2 (29%). All patients (100%) in group III and IV had developmental delay, predominant domains affected were speech, cognition and behavior. Conclusion: We have found developmental delay especially in the domain of speech, cognition and behavior in children with congenital hypothyroidism who have started levo-thyroxin late. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment is fundamental for optimal neuro-developmental outcome in children with congenital hypothyroidism. Birdem Med J 2021; 11(1): 63-66

scholarly journals Early diagnosis and misdiagnosis of Glaucoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Sabir
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Fundus Examination ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
First Time

Aim: To recognize and draw a line between glaucomatous and non glaucomatous patients at very early stage. Objects: Such silent dangerous ocular problem must be recognized and treated at very initial stage to avoid subsequent complications. Diagnosis: History and all the parameters including intraocular pressure, vision, visual fields and fundus examination were evaluated for diagnosis. Method of study: The study was done at General Hospital and Services Hospital Lahore from 1987 to early 1991. All the patients over the age of 40 year whether coming for first time or already on antiglaucoma treatment were evaluated thoroughly. Patients were examined by senior colleagues also. Results: Total 180 patients were included in study, 120 males 60 females. They were divided into four groups. Group I and II were diagnosed early and included 120 patients with no complications. Group-III and IV were misdiagnosed and included 60 patients. Discussion Until and unless, special care is taken to focus on the diagnosis, it is usually missed with many complications. It is only the casual behaviour of treating physician who considers the patient`s complaint lightly and examines them superficially. Conclusion: Although misdiagnosed cases are relatively less than truly misdiagnosed cases of glaucoma yet they form an important fraction of patients who may go blind within coming years. It is therefore necessary to diagnose such patients at very early stage. The surgeon should take special interest to diagnose such patients. One should not hesitate to consult senior colleagues in doubtful cases. Proper counseling for non cooperative patients is very necessary.

scholarly journals Lung Ultrasound in Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Ventilator Associated Pneumonia before Any Radiographic or Laboratory Changes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed Omran ◽  
Mostafa Ibrahim ◽  
Nouran Bioumy ◽  
Sonya El-Sharkawy
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Ventilator Associated Pneumonia ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
The Common ◽  
Laboratory Changes ◽  
Radiographic Changes

Neonatal pneumonia is reported to be the primary cause of neonatal respiratory failure and one of the common causes of neonatal hospitalization and death in developing countries. Chest X-ray was considered the gold standard for diagnosis of neonatal pneumonia. Lung ultrasonography has been described as a valuable noninvasive tool for the diagnosis of many neonatal pulmonary diseases. We report a case of ventilation associated neonatal pneumonia with very early diagnosis using lung ultrasound before any significant radiographic changes in chest X-ray or laboratory findings suggestive of infection.

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