scholarly journals Early diagnosis and misdiagnosis of Glaucoma

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Sabir
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Visual Fields ◽  
Fundus Examination ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
First Time

Aim: To recognize and draw a line between glaucomatous and non glaucomatous patients at very early stage. Objects: Such silent dangerous ocular problem must be recognized and treated at very initial stage to avoid subsequent complications. Diagnosis: History and all the parameters including intraocular pressure, vision, visual fields and fundus examination were evaluated for diagnosis. Method of study: The study was done at General Hospital and Services Hospital Lahore from 1987 to early 1991. All the patients over the age of 40 year whether coming for first time or already on antiglaucoma treatment were evaluated thoroughly. Patients were examined by senior colleagues also. Results: Total 180 patients were included in study, 120 males 60 females. They were divided into four groups. Group I and II were diagnosed early and included 120 patients with no complications. Group-III and IV were misdiagnosed and included 60 patients. Discussion Until and unless, special care is taken to focus on the diagnosis, it is usually missed with many complications. It is only the casual behaviour of treating physician who considers the patient`s complaint lightly and examines them superficially. Conclusion: Although misdiagnosed cases are relatively less than truly misdiagnosed cases of glaucoma yet they form an important fraction of patients who may go blind within coming years. It is therefore necessary to diagnose such patients at very early stage. The surgeon should take special interest to diagnose such patients. One should not hesitate to consult senior colleagues in doubtful cases. Proper counseling for non cooperative patients is very necessary.

scholarly journals The expression of microRNA-331-3p and microRNA-23b3 in Egyptian patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C-related liver cirrhosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reham A. Aboelwafa ◽  
Walid Ismail Ellakany ◽  
Marwa A. Gamaleldin ◽  
Marwa A. Saad
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Real Time Quantitative Pcr ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Group I ◽  
Egyptian Patients ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis C are strongly associated. The current work aimed to study the expression levels of microRNA-331-3p and microRNA-23b-3p as propable biomarkers for detecting liver cancer (HCC) at its early stages in patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis. The current prospective study included two hundred participants, divided into three groups: group I, 100 patients with HCV-related liver cirrhosis; group II, 50 HCC patients at early stages; and group III, 50 apparentlyhealthy controls. All patients had routine laboratory workup and ultrasound hepatic assessment. Values of microRNA-331-3p and microRNA-23b-3p were measured by real-time quantitative PCR. Results Levels of miR-331-3p were significantly higher in HCC patients than in cirrhotic patients and controls (p < 0.001), while levels of miR-23b-3p were significantly lower in HCC patients compared to cirrhotics and controls (p < 0.001). ROC curve revealed that miR-23b-3p had 80% sensitivity and 74% specificity, miR-331-3p had 66% sensitivity and 61% specificity, and AFP had 64% sensitivity and 61% specificity of 61% in discrimination between HCC patients from controls. Conclusion Serum miR-23b-3p is a more effective predictor than miR-331-3p and AFP for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C (HCV)-related cirrhotic patients.

scholarly journals Assessment of intraocular pressure in chinchillas of different age groups using rebound tonometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1466-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flor Diana Yokoay Claros Chacaltana ◽  
João Antonio Tadeu Pigatto ◽  
Ione Terezinha Denardin
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Rebound Tonometer ◽  
Indirect Ophthalmoscopy ◽  
Group I ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) of normal chinchilla eyes using the rebound tonometer. A further aim was to assess whether there were differences in the values of intraocular pressure in relation to animals age, gender and time of day. Thirty-six chinchillas were divided into three groups of 12 chinchillas each, by age: Group I (2-6-month-old), Group II (20 and 34 months) and Group III (37 and 135 months). Ophthalmic examination was performed previously by Schirmer tear test, slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein test in all chinchillas. Three measurements of intraocular pressure were assessed on the same day (7, 12 and 19h). Tonometry was performed on both eyes using the rebound tonometer after calibration in "p" mode. Statistical analysis was performed with SigmaPlot for Windows. The mean IOP for groups I, II and III were 2.47±0.581mmHg, 2.47±0.581mmHg and 2.51±0.531mmHg, respectively. No significant differences were reported between age and IOP and no significant differences were reported between the time of day and IOP. The IOP in chinchillas did not differ significantly between genders or ages of the animals, and did not change with time of day.

scholarly journals Neurotropic Effects of Hepatoprotectors During Alcohol Poisoning

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
R. N. Akalaev ◽  
V. Kh. Sharipova ◽  
A. A. Stopnitsky ◽  
K. Sh. Khodzhiev
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Cognitive Deficit ◽  
Toxic Hepatitis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Alcohol Poisoning ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Neurotropic Effects ◽  
To Receive

Purpose. To compare the efficacy of metabolic hepatoprotectors at an early stage of acute alcohol poisoning complicated by toxic hepatitis.Material and methods. 80 patients with acute alcohol poisoning complicated by toxic hepatitis who received medical treatment in the toxicology unit of the Republican Research Center of Emergency Medicine during 2015–2017 were examined. The patients were split into 3 groups. At the background of backbone therapy, patients of group I (n=30) received a hepatoprotectors on the basis of inosine, meglumine, methionine, nicotinamide, and succinic acid; patients of group II (n=20) were prescribed to receive drugs based on betaine glucuronate (glucomethamine), diethanol amine (glucodiamine), and nicotinamide ascorbate. Patients of group III (n=30) received the backbone therapy. In all patients, the concentrations of liver enzymes, bilirubin, free ammonia, blood lactate, the condition of vegetative nervous status were analyzed. Psychoastenics was examined using the MMSE score, FAB score and Reitan test.Results. After 48 hours, in group I patients, the concentration of blood lactate became almost normal, in group II patients it decreased to 2.6Ѓ}0.9 mmol/l, and in group III patients it was equal to 2.7Ѓ}0.9 mmol/l. On day 5, in patients of groups I and II the cognitive deficit was almost absent, in patients of group III the MMSE scores were 1.3-fold and 1.4-fold lower than in patients of groups I and II, respectively.Conclusion. The drug used in group I possessed increased antihypoxant properties but smaller hepatoprotective properties than the drug used in group II. When signs of toxic hepatitis are predominant it would be more preferable to use the drug applied in group II and when the signs of tissue hypoxia are predominant the drug applied in group I should be used.

The role of mitomycin C and porcine extracellular matrix in phacotrabeculectomy

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212094433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Momen Mahmoud Hamdi ◽  
Islam Mahmoud Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Mitomycin C ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
The Mean

Purpose: To compare between mitomycin C alone, porcine extracellular matrix alone, and combined low dose mitomycin C with porcine extracellular matrix in term of efficacy and safety in phaco-trabeculectomy surgery. Study design: Prospective comparative. Methods: Sixty eyes of 60 patients complaining of primary open angle glaucoma and cataract, undergoing phaco-trabeculectomy, were distributed into three groups: group I: surgery was augmented with mitomycin C, group II with porcine extracellular matrix, and group III with porcine extracellular matrix combined with low dose mitomycin C. Intraocular pressure was evaluated, postoperatively, at day 1, week 1, and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Bleb vascularity, pre- and post-operative intraocular pressure lowering medications, success of IOP control and complications were also evaluated. Results: After 12 months, the mean preoperative intraocular pressure (mm Hg) improved from 30.85 ± 4.7, 33.8 ± 4.2, and 31.05 ± 5.4 mm Hg, in groups I, II, and III respectively, to 13.8 ± 4.7 (55.2%), 15.2 ± 4.8 (55%), and 13 ± 4.9 (58.1%) ( p > 0.05). Success of IOP control, postoperative IOP lowering medications and complications were comparable ( p > 0.05). Bleb vascularity was significantly different ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: Mitomycin C, porcine extracellular matrix and their combination are equally effective in phacotrabeculectomy.

scholarly journals Epidemiological aspects of nephrolithiasis and chronic diseases of the cardiovascular system combination

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
R. V. Royuk ◽  
S. K. Yarovoy ◽  
N. A. Guseva ◽  
Sh. L. Voskanyan ◽  
V. V. Royuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Congestive Heart Failure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Kidney Stones ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
First Time

Purpose of the study. To analyze prevalence and characteristics of the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in patients with urolithiasis, revealed for the first timeMaterials and methods. In a period between 2009 and 2018, was made a retrospective analysis of medical histories of 2311 patients with urolithiasis, which were treated in in the urology departments of the branch No. 1 of the MCHG named after N.N. Burdenko (n=1487) and GBUZ MO Krasnogorsk City Hospital No. 1 (n=824). In 67,6% of the cases (1562 patients) the diagnosis of urolithiasis was diagnosed for the first time on admission. Isolated urolithiasis was recorded in 676 cases (43,3%), in other 154 cases (9,8%) nephrolithiasis was combined with different variants of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes. From 732 respondents with urolithiasis and associated cardiovascular diseases (CVD), were formed 3 groups, in the first group (I) were included patients (n=363) with hypertension and arterial hypertension: the second group (II; n=79) was formed from patients with isolated coronary heart disease. In the third group (III) were included 290 patients which had urolithiasis combined with hypertension, arterial hypertension and coronary heart disease. The stages of hypertension and degree of expression of arterial hypertension were given according to the recommendations of Russian science society of cardiology (2004). Stages of congestive heart failure were defined according to c NYHA (New York Heart Association) classification. Functional class of stable angina was defined according to Canadian Cardiovascular Society classification (1970,1976). The obtained data was analyzed using descriptive statistics methods.Results. Average age of patients was 65,4 +– 3,27; 78% of the patients were men. On an emergency basis were hospitalized 30,9% from group I, 27,6% from group 2, and 31,3% from group III. In group I more often were recorded hypertension I + arterial hypertension I (32,5%) and hypertension II + arterial hypertension II (40,2%). In group II effort angina was recorded in 30 cases (38%). Congestive heart failure occurred among 153 patients (20,9%); most often it occurred among patients from III – in 102 cases (35,2%). In the whole sample, congestive heart failure of I and II degrees prevailed – in 88 (12%) and 57 (7,9%) patients. Kidney stones were found in 59,4% of patients, in the ureters – in 30,9% of patients, in kidneys and in the ureters – in 9,9% of patients. Share of the patients with kidney stones in the shape of corals is 3,4% of the whole sample. Average sizes of kidney stones of the patients with congestive heart failure are 9,2–11,8 mm which is different from the sizes in whole sample – 6,9–9,5 mm.Conclusion. During the observation period, share of the patients with first time revealed urolithiasis, complicated with the cardiovascular diseases (CVD) increased in 1,9 times (16,7 versus 31,7%). Congestive heart failure, which was registered in 20,9% of patients, was charged with I and II degrees. The presence chronic cardiovascular diseases (CVD), especially complicated by congestive heart failure in patients with first time revealed nephrolithiasis, implies changes in the algorithms of metaphylactic of nephrolithiasis (regime of water loads, selection of diuretics and anticoagulants).

scholarly journals Neuro-developmental status of children with congenital hypothyroidism: experience in a tertiary hospital of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-66
Author(s):  
Nasreen Islam ◽  
Sayeeda Kabir ◽  
Fauzia Mohsin ◽  
Sharmin Mahbuba ◽  
Bedowra Zabeen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Developmental Outcome ◽  
Developmental Assessment ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
And Behavior

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most common preventable causes of mental retardation. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment is fundamental for optimal neuro-developmental outcome in children with congenital hypothyroidism. Thyroid hormones play crucial role in early neuro-development especially in the first 2-3 years of life. If left untreated or delayed initiation of treatment in congenital hypothyroidism results in neurological and psychological deficits. Aim of this study was to assess neuro-developmental status of children with congenital hypothyroidism who were on treatment (levo-thyroxine) started at different ages. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at paediatric endocrine outpatient department (OPD) and child development centre (CDC), BIRDEM General Hospital. Children with congenital hypothyroidism presenting at different ages who were followed up at pediatric endocrine OPD between January 2014 and January 2015 were included in the study.Their functional status in different domains were studied by rapid neuro-developmental assessment (RNDA) in CDC. Children with Down syndrome and perinatal asphyxia were excluded. Results: Neuro-developmental assessment was done in 34 children (male 21, female 13). Mean age during assessment was 36 months (standard deviation 18.56). Eighteen patients (53%) were diagnosed in BIRDEM General Hospital and rest 16 (47%) were diagnosed outside BIRDEM General Hospital. Patients were grouped into 4 on the basis of age of diagnosis and start of treatment: group I (age 0-1 month), n=6 (18%); group II (age >1-3 months), n=7 (21%); group III (age >3-12 months), n=9 (26%); group IV (age >12months), n=12 (35%). In group I, five (84%) had normal development and one had mild delay in cognition. In group II, three (43%) had normal development. Cognition and behavior was delayed in 3 patients (43% each), followed by delay in speech in 2 (29%). All patients (100%) in group III and IV had developmental delay, predominant domains affected were speech, cognition and behavior. Conclusion: We have found developmental delay especially in the domain of speech, cognition and behavior in children with congenital hypothyroidism who have started levo-thyroxin late. Early diagnosis and initiation of treatment is fundamental for optimal neuro-developmental outcome in children with congenital hypothyroidism. Birdem Med J 2021; 11(1): 63-66

scholarly journals Insertional Mutagenesis of a Fungal Biocontrol Agent Led to Discovery of a Rare Cellobiose Lipid with Antifungal Activity

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 2595-2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yali Cheng ◽  
David J. McNally ◽  
Caroline Labbé ◽  
Normand Voyer ◽  
François Belzile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insertional Mutagenesis ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Active Metabolites ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Multiple Copies ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Insertional mutagenesis was applied for the first time to a fungal biocontrol agent, Pseudozyma flocculosa, in an attempt to obtain mutants with altered antagonistic properties. Transformants were obtained via DNA-mediated transformation. Molecular analyses of the transformants revealed that multiple copies of the plasmid were integrated in tandem at one to many chromosomal loci. The transformants were screened for their biocontrol properties using standard bioassays, and the 160 tested transformants were classified into four groups: group I mutants (22 transformants) showed a stronger antagonistic effect than the wild type (WT) while those of group II (107 transformants) had a comparable antagonistic effect; group III mutants (17 transformants) had a decreased antagonistic effect relative to WT and group IV mutants (14 transformants) had lost their biocontrol properties. Culture extracts of the mutants (group IV) and WT were analyzed and compared for the presence of active metabolites which were then separated by solid-phase extraction and purified using conventional methods. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and analytical studies on a metabolite specifically produced by the WT revealed the presence of 2-(2′,4′-diacetoxy-5′-carboxy-pentanoyl) octadecyl cellobioside (flocculosin), a novel glycolipid with strong antifungal properties; the production of this compound would account for the biocontrol activity of P. flocculosa.

The Effect of Propofol and Alfentanil on the Increase in Intraocular Pressure Due to Succinylcholine and Intubation

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Eti ◽  
A. Yayci ◽  
T. Umuroǧlu ◽  
F.Y. Göǧüş ◽  
N. Bozkurt
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Vecuronium Bromide ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Thiopental Sodium ◽  
Group Ii

Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of propofol and alfentanil on the increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) due to succinylcholine and intubation, in comparison with thiopental sodium and vecuronium bromide. Methods Forty patients aged 20–50 years, scheduled for elective surgery requiring endotracheal intubation, were assigned to four groups of ten. General anesthesia was induced with 2.5 mg/kg propofol in Group I, 2.5 mg/kg propofol and 10 μg/kg alfentanil in Group II and 5 mg/kg thiopental in Groups III and IV; muscle relaxation was obtained with either 1.5 mg/kg succinylcholine (Group I, II and III) or 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium bromide (Group IV). In all patients mean arterial pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation and IOP were recorded before (baseline) and after induction, after the muscle relaxant and after endotracheal intubation. Results Compared with their baseline values in Group I IOP decreased significantly after propofol (p<0.01) and increased significantly after intubation (p<0.01). In Group II IOP decreased significantly after propofol and alfentanyl (p<0.001), remained low after succinylcholine (p<0.01) and did not change after intubation. In Group III IOP decreased significantly after thiopental (p<0.001) and increased significantly after intubation (p<0.001). In Group IV it decreased significantly after thiopental (p<0.001), remained low after vecuronium (p<0.001) and increased significantly after intubation (p<0.05). Conclusions In all Groups, IOP did not increase significantly after succinylcholine, but only anesthesia induced with propofol and alfentanil prevented the increase in IOP due to intubation.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional changes in the myocardium of the left ventricle at an early stage of the development of hypertension

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
A N Kuchmin ◽  
E P Galova ◽  
A A Kazachenko ◽  
M Yu Yaroslavtcev
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Longitudinal Strain ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
World Population ◽  
Longitudinal Deformation ◽  
Initial Stage

Hypertension, as one of the most common diseases of the circulatory system in the world population, has a large number of complications, including leading to chronic heart failure and other serious complications and, as a result, of disability, deserves the attention of clinicians and scientists, working on techniques that allow early diagnosis of morphofunctional changes in the myocardium within this pathology. As soon as standard echocardiography evaluates the systolic function and is based on the indications of the ejection fraction, which reveals a violation of systolic function only at the late stages of the development of hypertension, often irreversible, in our special study we used a technique that allows us to estimate the longitudinal deformation to detect early violations of contractility myocardium of the left ventricle at the initial stage of the disease. The examination of 68 patients revealed uneven changes in the indices of longitudinal deformation of the left ventricle. It was discovered that the early stage of the development of the disease, the segments of the anterior and anterior-septal area, as well as the basal segment of the lower wall of the left ventricle, suffer. An interesting fact is that the vast majority of the above segments are supplied by blood from the anterior interventricular artery. A negative correlation was found between the thickness of the MES in relation to the longitudinal strain indicators in the respective segments, which confirms the development of systolic dysfunction as the hypertrophy of the walls of the left ventricle develops. Thus, it has been proved that the assessment of myocardial longitudinal strain is highly informative in the early diagnosis of disorders of its contractility among hypertensive patients with early stages.

scholarly journals Effects of daily curve and age on intraocular pressure in Criollo horses

2021 ◽  
pp. 2049-2056
Author(s):  
Ângela Beatriz de Oliveira Bacchin ◽  
◽  
Géssica Maria Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Maiara Poersch Seibel ◽  
Alessandra Fernandez da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Indirect Ophthalmoscopy ◽  
Group I ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Made In

The objective of this study was to evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) of healthy Criollo horses using a rebound tonometer throughout the day. In addition, assessments were made in horses of different ages. Twenty-seven horses, male and female, were divided into three groups by age: Group I (3-5 years old), Group II (6-8 years old), and Group III: (9-16 years old). Ophthalmic examinations were performed using the Schirmer tear test, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fluorescein test and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Seven measurements of IOP were assessed on the same day (at 6:00 am, 9:00 am, 12:00 am, 3:00 pm, 6:00 pm, 9:00 pm and 00:00 pm). A t-test was used when there were two groups of comparisons and ANOVA was used to detect differences in IOP between measurement times and between age categories. The average IOP was 28.4 ± 3.7 mmHg for all eyes. The mean IOP for Groups I, II and III were 29.2 ± 3.5, 28.4 ± 4.3 and 27.7 ± 3.2 mmHg, respectively. There was no statistically difference between right and left eyes. There was a significant difference between Group I and Group III (P = 0.008). There were no statistically significant differences between measurements recorded at different times of the day (P = 0.560). The IOP was not influenced by the circadian rhythm, but older horses showed reduced IOP.

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