scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Profile of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Infections with Limited Antibiotic Options

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gökçe Kader Aslan ◽  
Fatma Esenkaya Taşbent ◽  
Metin Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Resistance Rates

Objective: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen that frequently causes nosocomial infections in recent years. It is generally isolated from respiratory tract samples, blood, urine and drainage materials. Due to multiple antibiotic resistance, a limited number of antibiotics are used in the treatment of these infections. The aim of this study is to investigate the antibiotic resistance status and risk factors in isolated S. maltophilia strains. Method: Diversity and antibiotic susceptibility levels of S. maltophilia strains isolated from various clinical samples between January 2018 and June 2020 were examined using conventional methods and VITEK2 automated system. Demographic and diagnostic data of the patients were retrieved from the hospital’s data base to identify the risk factors of infection. Results: Of the 300 strains examined, 46% were isolated from intensive care units, 35.3% from patients hospitalized in other clinics, and 18.7% from outpatient clinic patients. It was observed that 64 (21.3%) of 300 patients were immunosuppressed. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance was 1.3% and levofloxacin resistance was 0.7%. Conclusion: Resistance rates were found to be lower than the literature data in the study. It was concluded that hospitalization in the intensive care unit and immunosuppression are important risk factors for S. maltophilia infections.

scholarly journals An evaluation of six-year Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections in a university hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1118-1123
Author(s):  
Nevin Ince ◽  
Dilek Yekenkurul ◽  
Ayşe Danış ◽  
Emel Çalışkan ◽  
İdris Akkaş
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Stenotrophomonas Maltophilia ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics ◽  
Resistance Rates ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Background: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a Gram-negative bacillus and opportunistic emergent pathogen causing hospi- tal-acquired infections (HAIs). Due to risk factors such as prolonged intensive care unit stay and invasive procedures, it has become one of the leading causes of HAIs. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of S.maltophilia infections over a six-year period at Düzce University Hospital, Turkey. Methods: The incidence, clinical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility and outcomes of nosocomial S. maltophilia in- fections during this period were retrospectively analyzed. Results: During the study period, 67 samples obtained from 61 patients were identified. Pneumonias (82%) were the most common HAIs, followed by bloodstream infections (10.5%), urinary tract infections (3%), skin and soft tissue infections (3%) and surgical site infection (1.5%). Admission to intensive care, hospitalization exceeding 30 days, and previous use of broad-spectrum antibiotics constituted risk factors. Resistance to cotrimoxazole (6%) was lower than that to levofloxacin (18%). Conclusion: The most important risk factors for S.maltophilia infection in patients are previous exposure to antibiotics, pro- longed hospitalization and invasive procedures such as mechanic ventilation. Discharging patients as early as possible with the rational use of antibiotics may be effective in reducing S. maltophilia infections and resistance rates. Keywords: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; hospital-acquired infections; epidemiology; risk factors.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistance inStaphylococcus aureusIsolates by Years

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cennet Rağbetli ◽  
Mehmet Parlak ◽  
Yasemin Bayram ◽  
Huseyin Guducuoglu ◽  
Nesrin Ceylan
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Becton Dickinson ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Resistance Rates

Objective. Recently, community and hospital-acquired infections withStaphylococcus aureushave increased and raised antibiotic resistant isolates. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profile ofS. aureusisolates over several years in various clinical specimens from our hospital.Materials and Methods.S. aureusstrains from 2009 to 2014 were isolated from various clinical samples at Yuzuncu Yil University, Dursun Odabas Medical Center, Microbiology Laboratory, and their antibiotic susceptibility test results were retrospectively investigated. The isolates were identified by conventional methods, and antibiotic susceptibility tests were performed by the Phoenix (Becton Dickinson, USA) automated system method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) standards.Results. A total of 1,116S. aureusisolates were produced and methicillin-resistantS. aureus(MRSA) to 21% of allS. aureusisolates between 2009 and 2014. According to the results of susceptibility tests of all isolates ofS. aureus, they have been identified as sensitive to vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, and levofloxacin. While the resistance rates to nitrofurantoin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole were determined as 0.3%, 2.4%, and 6%, respectively, resistance rates to penicillin, erythromycin, rifampicin, gentamicin, and clindamycin were determined as 100%, 18%, 14%, 14%, and 11%, respectively. The highest percentage of methicillin resistance was determined as 30% in 2009, and the resistance was determined to have decreased in subsequent years (20%, 16%, 13%, 19%, and 21%) (p<0.001).Conclusion. Currently, retrospective evaluations of causes of nosocomial infection should be done periodically. We think that any alteration of resistance over the years has to be identified, and all centers must determine their own resistance profiles, in order to guide empirical therapies. Reducing the rate of antibiotic resistance will contribute to reducing the cost of treatment.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Profile and Chemical Quality Assessment of Groundwater Sources from Periurban Area of Bucharest, Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3549-3554
Author(s):  
Florica Marinescu ◽  
Mihaela Ilie ◽  
Gina Ghita ◽  
Ioana Savin ◽  
Carmen Tociu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Maximum Admissible Concentration ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Resistance Rates

Twenty-two groundwater sources mainly used for drinking purpose in Bucharest peri-urban area were investigated for assessment of physico-chemical and microbiological quality with a view to determining its potential risk to public health. Results of chemical analysis revealed that nitrites, sulphates and chlorides were below the permissible levels, while 63.64% of the analysed groundwater sources exceeded the maximum admissible concentration for nitrates, with concentration variations ranging from 67.27 to 523.19 mg/L. The bacteriological analysis showed that in about 63% of groundwater sources total coliform, faecal coliform and enterococci have exceeded the threshold limits recommended by the Drinking Water Directive 98/83/EC and the Romanian Law. Another aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistance among Gram-negative strains isolated from groundwater sources. There observed the resistance to many antibiotics, particularly: ticarcillin (80%), aztreonam (29%), gentamicin (11%), imipenem (9%), ceftriaxone (9%), ceftazidime (3%) and ciprofloxacin (3%). Significant higher resistance rates were observed in strains isolated from shallow groundwater sources as compared with strains isolated from deep groundwater sources. Pseudomonas sp. (26%) isolates with multiple-drug resistance (MDR) were encountered. The results of the study revealed a bacteriological contamination and high levels of nitrate concentrations in most of the groundwater samples, which could pose an important risk to human health.

scholarly journals Genotyping of Different Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Morphotypes Arising from the Lower Respiratory Tract of a Patient Taken to an Intensive Care Unit

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 941-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Putignani ◽  
R. Sessa ◽  
A. Petrucca ◽  
C. Manfredini ◽  
L. Coltella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Environmental Bacterium ◽  
Genotypic Analysis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and an ubiquitous environmental bacterium. Fifty-seven days after hospitalization, we isolated three distinct P. aeruginosa morphotypes (smooth, rough and mucoid) from the lower respiratory tract of a patient admitted to a Cardiology Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Moreover, a group of nine colony variants, arising from the three P. aeruginosa isolates growing in laboratory growth media, were also isolated. The resulting 12 isolates were characterised for antibiotic resistance profile and subjected to genotypic analysis by fluorescent-Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (f-AFLP) and automated repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprinting. The three smooth, rough and mucoid morphotypes presented different antibiotic resistance profiles and genotyping analysis showed that they belonged to distinct clones, indicating that at day 57 after the admission the patient was simultaneously colonized by three distinct P. aeruginosa isolates. On the other hand, the nine colony variants presented heterogeneous antibiotic resistance profiles and clustered together with the three parental isolates. The understanding of the link between genotype plasticity and antibiotic resistance may contribute to improving our knowledge of this life-threatening pathogen.

scholarly journals Candida tropicalis: insight into the characteristics and outcome of adult patients admitted in medical and surgical intensive care units

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1184
Author(s):  
Raminder Sandhu ◽  
Ramnika Aggarwal ◽  
Surinder Kumar ◽  
Diksha Budhani
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Candida Tropicalis ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Surgical Intensive Care ◽  
Prolonged Duration ◽  
One Year ◽  
Systemic Infections ◽  
Culture Positive

Background: Non albicans species are emerging increasingly as significant ICU pathogens.  The increasing incidence of C. tropicalis infections is a significant problem because of its ability to develop rapid resistance to fluconazole.Methods: The study was designed to isolate, evaluate the risk factors and outcome of C. tropicalis infection from intensive care units. Identification was done by the biochemical methods. A total of 89 patients culture positive for C. tropicalis were selected for retrospective analysis over a period of one year. We collected various data about risk factors and outcome from the medical records.Results: A total of 89 patients culture positive for Candida tropicalis were analysed. Majority of these culture isolates were obtained from their blood (59.55%) followed by urine samples (31.46%). The indwelling devices (93.2%) remained a highest risk followed by prolonged administration of antibiotic therapy (92.1%) and admission in ICU for more than a week (88.8%). Overall mortality rate was 31.5%. Mortality was higher in patients with longer total length of stay in hospital (89.3%; p 1.000), indwelling devices (85.7%; p 0.5663) and in whom the antimicrobial therapy was administered for prolonged duration (82.1%; p 0.7581), although these factors remained statistically insignificant. 92.1% of isolates were sensitive to amphotericin B and showed 52.8%; 9.0% sensitivity to itraconazole and fluconazole respectively.Conclusions: C. tropicalis is now classified as the third or fourth NAC species being commonly isolated from clinical samples and associated with persistent systemic infections leading to a longer stay in the hospital. Several virulence factors seem to be responsible for high dissemination and mortality.

Detection of Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Clinical and Intensive Care Unit Environmental Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 758-762
Author(s):  
Omid Zarei ◽  
Hassan Mahmoudi ◽  
Ali Mohammadi Bardbari ◽  
Pezhman Karami ◽  
Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Human Infections

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative non-glucose fermenting aerobic bacteria and an opportunistic pathogen in humans and animals. The present study was carried out to investigate the distribution of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance properties of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients and intensive care unit (ICU) environment. Material and Methods: A total of 116 P. aeruginosa isolated from patients and ICU environment were collected from Besat hospital in Hamadan, the West of Iran. P. aeruginosa isolates were analyzed based on the presence of the virulence factors encoding genes included exoA, exoS, exoU, and algD using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using a disk diffusion method. Results: The results showed the prevalence of exoA 33 (56.9%), exoS 21 (36.20%), exoU 37 (63.8%), and algD 35 (60.34%) genes in ICU environment P. aeruginosa strains and exo A 23 (39.25%), exoS 25 (43.1%), exoU 40(68.98%), and algD 25 (43.1%) genes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. High resistance levels of the clinical and ICU environment isolate to ampicillinsulbactam (100%), were also observed. Conclusions: Our findings should raise awareness about antibiotic resistance in hospitalized patients in Iran. Clinicians should exercise caution in prescribing antibiotics, especially in cases of human infections.

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