Detection of Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Clinical and Intensive Care Unit Environmental Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative non-glucose fermenting aerobic bacteria and an opportunistic pathogen in humans and animals. The present study was carried out to investigate the distribution of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance properties of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients and intensive care unit (ICU) environment. Material and Methods: A total of 116 P. aeruginosa isolated from patients and ICU environment were collected from Besat hospital in Hamadan, the West of Iran. P. aeruginosa isolates were analyzed based on the presence of the virulence factors encoding genes included exoA, exoS, exoU, and algD using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed using a disk diffusion method. Results: The results showed the prevalence of exoA 33 (56.9%), exoS 21 (36.20%), exoU 37 (63.8%), and algD 35 (60.34%) genes in ICU environment P. aeruginosa strains and exo A 23 (39.25%), exoS 25 (43.1%), exoU 40(68.98%), and algD 25 (43.1%) genes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. High resistance levels of the clinical and ICU environment isolate to ampicillinsulbactam (100%), were also observed. Conclusions: Our findings should raise awareness about antibiotic resistance in hospitalized patients in Iran. Clinicians should exercise caution in prescribing antibiotics, especially in cases of human infections.

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Genotyping of Different Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Morphotypes Arising from the Lower Respiratory Tract of a Patient Taken to an Intensive Care Unit

International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1177/039463200802100418 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 941-947 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

L. Putignani ◽

R. Sessa ◽

A. Petrucca ◽

C. Manfredini ◽

L. Coltella ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Lower Respiratory Tract ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Growth Media ◽

Environmental Bacterium ◽

Genotypic Analysis

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen and an ubiquitous environmental bacterium. Fifty-seven days after hospitalization, we isolated three distinct P. aeruginosa morphotypes (smooth, rough and mucoid) from the lower respiratory tract of a patient admitted to a Cardiology Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Moreover, a group of nine colony variants, arising from the three P. aeruginosa isolates growing in laboratory growth media, were also isolated. The resulting 12 isolates were characterised for antibiotic resistance profile and subjected to genotypic analysis by fluorescent-Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (f-AFLP) and automated repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprinting. The three smooth, rough and mucoid morphotypes presented different antibiotic resistance profiles and genotyping analysis showed that they belonged to distinct clones, indicating that at day 57 after the admission the patient was simultaneously colonized by three distinct P. aeruginosa isolates. On the other hand, the nine colony variants presented heterogeneous antibiotic resistance profiles and clustered together with the three parental isolates. The understanding of the link between genotype plasticity and antibiotic resistance may contribute to improving our knowledge of this life-threatening pathogen.

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Antibiotic Resistance Pattern and Evaluation of Metallo-Beta Lactamase Genes Including bla-IMP and bla-VIM Types in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Patients in Tehran Hospitals

ISRN Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2014/941507 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Samira Aghamiri ◽

Nour Amirmozafari ◽

Jalil Fallah Mehrabadi ◽

Babak Fouladtan ◽

Hossein Samadi Kafil

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽

Group B

Beta-lactamase producing strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa are important etiological agents of hospital infections. Carbapenems are among the most effective antibiotics used against Pseudomonas infections, but they can be rendered infective by group B β-lactamase, commonly called metallo-beta lactamase. In this study, the antimicrobial sensitivity patterns of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from 9 different hospitals in Tehran, Iran, as well as the prevalence of MBLs genes (bla-VIM and bla-IMP) were determined. A total of 212 strains of P. aeruginosa recovered from patients in hospitals in Tehran were confirmed by both biochemical methods and PCR. Their antimicrobial sensitivity patterns were determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Following MIC determination, imipenem resistant strains were selected by DDST method which was followed by PCR tests for determination of MBLs genes: bla-IMP and bla-VIM. The results indicated that, in the DDST phenotypic method, among the 100 imipenem resistant isolates, 75 strains were MBLs positive. The PCR test indicated that 70 strains (33%) carried bla-VIM gene and 20 strains (9%) harbored bla-IMP. The results indicated that the extent of antibiotic resistance among Pseudomonas aeruginosa is on the rise. This may be due to production of MBLs enzymes. Therefore, determination of antibiotic sensitivity patterns and MBLs production by these bacteria, can be important in control of clinical Pseudomonas infection.

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Integron-Mediated Antibiotic Resistance inAcinetobacter baumanniiIsolated from Intensive Care Unit Patients, Babol, North of Iran

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2017/7157923 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mitra Deylam Salehi ◽

Elaheh Ferdosi-Shahandashti ◽

Yosef Yahyapour ◽

Soraya Khafri ◽

Abazar Pournajaf ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Measures ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Integrase Gene ◽

North Of Iran

Background. We investigated the integron types and their relation with antibiotic resistance amongA. baumanniiisolates collected from intensive care unit patients, Babol, north of Iran.Methods. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 73 bronchoalveolar lavage samples were obtained from patients in ICU. Susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. Types of integrons were identified by an integrase gene PCR.Results. In total, 47.9%A. baumanniiisolates were recovered from the BAL samples. All isolates were resistant to ceftazidime. 91.4% and 58.3% of isolates were MDR and XDR, respectively. The rate of colistin resistance with theE-test was 5.7%. Molecular analysis of class I, II, and III integrons showed that 25.7%, 88.6%, and 28.6% of the isolates carried theintI,intII, andintIIIgenes, respectively.Discussion. Our results show that different classes of integrons are commonly spread amongA. baumanniistrains and these genomic segments can play an important role in the acquisition of MDR and XDR phenotypes. So monitoring drug resistance inA. baumanniiisolates with the use ofintgene PCR is very important to plan specific infection control measures to prevent the spread of MDR-AB and XDR-AB in Iran’s hospitals.

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Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens in Elderly Patients Admitted in the Intensive Care Unit

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.18.12.6764 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 (12) ◽

pp. 3433-3438

Author(s):

Andreea Loredana Golli ◽

Floarea Mimi Nitu ◽

Maria Balasoiu ◽

Marina Alina Lungu ◽

Madalina Olteanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Elderly Patients ◽

Bacterial Pathogens ◽

The Elderly ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Resistance Patterns ◽

And Diffusion

To identify and to determine the resistance pattern of bacterial pathogens involved in infections of the elderly patients (� 65 years) admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) at County Emergency Clinical Hospital Craiova, Romania. A retrospective study of bacterial pathogens was carried out on 463 elderly patients (� 65 years) admitted to the ICU, from January to December 2017. The analysis of the resistance patterns for the action of the appropriate antibiotics was performed using Vitek 2 Compact system and diffusion method. In this study there were analyzed 617 samples from 463 elderly patients (� 65 years). A total of 776 bacterial isolates were obtained, of which 175 strains of Klebsiella spp. (22.55%), followed by MRSA - Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (108 -13.91%) and Escherichia coli (99 -12.75%). The most common isolates were from respiratory tract (572 isolates -73.71%). High rates of MDR were found for Pseudomonas (73.07%), MRSA (62.03%) and Klebsiella (44.57%). The study revealed an alarming pattern of antibiotic resistance in the majority of ICU isolates from elderly patients (�65 years), which draws attention to the need for judicious use of antibiotics and for careful monitoring of the drug resistance of patients.

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Growing Menace of Antibacterial Resistance in Clinical Isolates ofPseudomonas aeruginosain Nepal: An Insight of Beta-Lactamase Production

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2016/6437208 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shamshul Ansari ◽

Rabindra Dhital ◽

Sony Shrestha ◽

Sangita Thapa ◽

Ram Puri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Resistance Rate ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Microbiological Methods ◽

Immunosuppressed Patients

Introduction. Pseudomonas aeruginosais the most frequently isolated organism as it acts as the opportunistic pathogen and can cause infections in immunosuppressed patients. The production of different types of beta-lactamases renders this organism resistant to many commonly used antimicrobials. Therefore, the aim of this study was to document the antibiotic resistance rate inPseudomonas aeruginosaisolated from different clinical specimens.Methods. Pseudomonas aeruginosarecovered was identified by standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guidelines and all the suspected isolates were tested for the production of ESBLs, MBLs, and AmpC.Results.Out of total (178) isolates, 83.1% were recovered from the inpatient department (IPD). Majority of the isolates mediated resistance towards the beta-lactam antibiotics, while nearly half of the isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. Most of the aminoglycosides used showed resistance rate up to 75% but amikacin proved to be better option. No resistance to polymyxin was observed. ESBLs, MBLs, and AmpC mediated resistance was seen in 33.1%, 30.9%, and 15.7% isolates, respectively.Conclusions. Antibiotic resistance rate and beta-lactamase mediated resistance were high. Thus, regular surveillance of drug resistance is of utmost importance.

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ANTIBACTERIAL RESISTANCE PATTERN OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA ISOLATED FROM CLINICAL SAMPLES AT A GENERAL HOSPITAL IN PADANG, WEST SUMATRA, INDONESIA

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i8.18539 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 158

Author(s):

Rustini Rustini ◽

Jamsari Jamsari ◽

Marlina Marlina ◽

Nasrul Zubir ◽

Yori Yuliandra

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Bacterial Resistance ◽

Clinical Sample ◽

Opportunistic Pathogen ◽

Positive Control ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Almost All

Objectives: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that has an innate resistance to some antibiotics. This bacterium is one of the mostcommon causes of nosocomial infections that include surgical wound infections, burns, and urinary tract infections. The bacteria have been reportedlyresistant to many antibiotics and have developed multidrug resistance (MDR). The objective of the study was to determine the resistance pattern ofP. aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples of patients against some major antibiotics.Methods: Isolates of P. aeruginosa were obtained from clinical sample of urine, sputum, swabs, pus, feces, and blood and cultured in cetrimide agar. P.aeruginosa ATCC 27853 was used as a positive control. The antibacterial susceptibility testing was conducted against 13 antibiotics: Ceftazidime, cefotaxime,ceftriaxone, cefoperazone, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, piperacillin, ticarcillin, meropenem, and imipenem. The examinationwas carried out using agar diffusion method of Kirby-Bauer and following the standards from Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).Results: The results showed that bacterial resistance was established against all tested antibiotics. The highest number of resistance was shownagainst ceftriaxone (44.21%), whereas the most susceptibility was exhibited against amikacin (only 9.47% of resistance). MDR P. aeruginosa (MDRPA)was detected on almost all clinical samples tested, except the feces. The sample with the highest percentage of MDRPA was the pus.Conclusion: The study concludes that the most effective antibiotic against P. aeruginosa is amikacin (91.51%), whereas the most resistance is exhibited to ceftriaxone (43.16%).

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Prevalence of Virulence Genes and Drug Resistance Profiles of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated From Clinical Specimens

Jundishapur Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.5812/jjm.118452 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (8) ◽

Author(s):

Seyed Ali Bazghandi ◽

Mohsen Arzanlou ◽

Hadi Peeridogaheh ◽

Hamid Vaez ◽

Amirhossein Sahebkar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Clinical Isolates ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Specimens ◽

Resistance Rates

Background: Drug resistance and virulence genes are two key factors for the colonization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in settings with high antibiotic pressure, such as hospitals, and the development of hospital-acquired infections. Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of drug resistance and virulence gene profiles in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in Ardabil, Iran. Methods: A total of 84 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from clinical specimens of Ardabil hospitals and confirmed using laboratory standard tests. The disk diffusion method was used for antibiotic susceptibility testing and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the identification of P. aeruginosa virulence genes. Results: The highest and the lowest antibiotic resistance rates of P. aeruginosa strains were against ticarcillin-clavulanate (94%) and doripenem (33.3%), respectively. In addition, the frequency of multidrug-resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa was 55.9%. The prevalence of virulence factor genes was as follows: algD 84.5%, lasB 86.9%, plcH 86.9%, plcN 86.9%, exoU 56%, exoS 51.2%, toxA 81%, nan1 13.1%, and pilB 33.3%. A significant association was observed between resistance to some antibiotics and the prevalence of virulence genes in P. aeruginosa. Conclusions: Our results revealed a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance, especially MDR, and virulence-associated genes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in Ardabil hospitals. Owing to the low resistance rates against doripenem, gentamicin, and tobramycin, these antibiotics are recommended for the treatment of infections caused by highly resistant and virulent P. aeruginosa strains.

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Prevalence of antibiotic resistance and blaIMP-1 gene among Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from burn and urinary tract infections in Isfahan, central Iran

Microbiology Research ◽

10.4081/mr.2017.7295 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Naeimeh Sadat Hashemi ◽

Meysam Mojiri ◽

Parivash Yazdani Kachouyi ◽

Shiva Eskandari ◽

Mehrsa Mohammadian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Urinary Tract ◽

Urinary Tract Infections ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Resistance Pattern ◽

Public Health Issue ◽

High Prevalence ◽

Tract Infections

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most important opportunistic pathogens responsible for various types of hospital infections. High prevalence of antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa strains of human clinical samples cause more severe diseases for a longer period of time. The current research was done in order to study the distribution of blaIMP-1 gene among the imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains isolated from burn and urinary tract infections of hospitalized patients. Two-hundred and forty-three P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from the cases of burn and urinary tract infections of inpatients and outpatients were analysis for antibiotic resistance pattern using the disk diffusion method. Then, imipenem-resistant isolates were further analyzed for distribution of blaIMP-1 gene using the PCR. Of 243 P. aeruginosa isolates, 146 strains (60.08%) were taken from outpatients and 97 strains (39.91%) were taken from inpatients. P. aeruginosa isolates harbored the highest levels of resistance against streptomycin (100%), nalidixic acid (100%), aztreonam (100%), cotrimoxazole (95.47%), ciprofloxacin (88.47%), cefotaxime (84.36%) and gentamycin (83.95%). Inpatients had a relatively higher levels of antibiotic resistance. One-hundred and twenty-one out of 126 (96.03%) imipenem-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates harbored the blaIMP-1 gene. Inpatients also had a relatively higher prevalence of blaIMP-1 gene. High prevalence of blaIMP-1 gene and also imipenemresistant P. aeruginosa are important public health issue. Clinical laboratories should consider the detection of the blaIMP-1 gene among the P. aeruginosa isolates of clinical samples.

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Virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in enterococci isolated from food-stuffs

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/1584-vetmed ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (No. 7) ◽

pp. 352-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

K. Trivedi ◽

S. Cupakova ◽

R. Karpiskova

Keyword(s):

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Virulence Factors ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Haemolytic Activity ◽

Virulence Determinants ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

Specific Pcr ◽

Virulence Potential ◽

Enterococcal Species ◽

Species Specific

A collection of 250 enterococci isolated from various food-stuffs were used to investigate seven virulence determinants and the microbial susceptibility of eight antibiotics. Species-specific PCR revealed the presence of E. faecalis (127 isolates), E. faecium (77 isolates), E. casseliflavus (21 isolates), E. mundtii (19 isolates) and E. durans (six isolates). Multiplex PCR for virulence factors showed that from a total 250 isolates, 221 (88.4%) carried one or more virulence-encoding genes. β-Haemolytic activity was also evident in enterococcal species other than E. faecalis and E. faecium. Species other than E. faecalis and E. faecium isolated from food are also seen to harbour the potential for virulence. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the disk diffusion method showed that of the total 250 isolates, 114 (46%) were resistant to cephalothin and 94 (38%) to ofloxacin. Lower antibiotic resistance was seen with ampicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin and teicoplanin. None of the isolates was found to be resistant to vancomycin. The results of this study show that food can play an important role in the spread of enterococci with virulence potential through the food chain to the human population.

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