THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY OF THE LIVER FUNCTION TEST WITHIN POST-TRANSPLANT PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MERAB NAKASHIDZE ◽  
ZURAB CHIKHLADZE ◽  
DAVID KOBULADZE ◽  
DAVID BERIDZE
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Successful Transplantation ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Complicated Patient

In recent years, the survival rate of patients after liver transplantation (LT) has improved significantly. However, successful transplantation is directly related to the proper management of the patient after surgery, including considering essential aspects based on the results of laboratory tests. Therefore, it is essential to study the laboratory characteristics to investigate the functional state of the liver. In the present study, we investigated the indicators of liver function in postoperative patients: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, total bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Venous blood samples were used for investigation. A total of 10 post-transplant patients were studied. Appropriate research methods were used. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Overall, our results have shown that intensive examinations of the liver panel in postoperative patients significantly contribute to the proper management of the complicated patient, which directly impacts the final results. Notably, the variability of GGT and ALP may be directly related to the transplanted chronic immune response of the liver and may be used as an early marker for the diagnosis of biliary complications.

scholarly journals Hepatitis B Virus Genotypes in the Kingdom of Bahrain: Prevalence, Gender Distribution and Impact on Hepatic Biomarkers

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (10) ◽  
pp. 622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Essam M. Janahi ◽  
Zahra Ilyas ◽  
Sara Al-Othman ◽  
Abdulla Darwish ◽  
Sanad J. Sanad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Function Test ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Hbv Genotypes ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Genotype A

Background: Approximately 400 million people are infected with Hepatitis B virus (HBV) around the world, which makes it one of the world’s major infectious diseases. The prevalence of HBV genotypes and predictive factors for risk are poorly known in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of HBV genotypes, its correlation with demographic factor sand impacts on hepatic biomarkers. Materials and Methods: Venous blood samples were collected from 82 HBV positive patients (48 males, 34 females). The extraction of HBV DNA, PCR amplification, and genotyping were done to classify different genotypes (A, A/D, B, B/D, C, D, D/E, E). HBV genotypes association with gender, nationality, mode of transmission, and liver cirrhosis complication was determined by descriptive statistic and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). For liver function test, unpaired t-test and ANOVA were performed. Results: The predominant genotype among patients under study was genotype D (61%), followed by genotype A (10%), and lowest frequency was found for undetermined genotype (1%). In general, there was no significant association between the different genotypes and some demographical factors, serological investigations, and liver function test. The prevalence of HBV genotypes was higher in male patients as compared to female patients and higher in non-Bahraini than in Bahraini. Patients with the dominant genotype D showed higher than the normal maximum range for alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (mean = 45.89) and Gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) (mean = 63.36). Conclusions: The most common HBV genotype in Bahrain was genotype D, followed by genotype A. Further studies involving the sources of transmission and impact of hepatic biomarker in Bahrain are required to enhance the control measures of HBV infections.

scholarly journals Association of Two Indices of Insulin Resistance Marker with Abnormal Liver Function Tests: A Cross-Sectional Population Study in Taiwanese Adults

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Adi Lukas Kurniawan ◽  
Chien-Yeh Hsu ◽  
Jane C.-J. Chao ◽  
Rathi Paramastri ◽  
Hsiu-An Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Abnormal Liver Function ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Background and objectives: Insulin resistance (IR) is frequently associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and has an important role as a mediator in the development of liver disease. Thus, this study aimed to explore the relationship between two indexes of IR and abnormal liver function parameters. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study obtained data of 41,510 men and 92,357 women aged ≥30 years from a private health screening institute in Taiwan. Two IR indexes namely triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio were used to examine their relationship to predict abnormal liver function parameters (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)). Results: Positive trend was shown for the association of TyG index in the highest quintile (Q5) and risk of high AST (OR = 1.45, 95% CI: 1.33–1.57), high ALT (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.73–1.97), high GGT (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.93–2.15), and high ALP (OR = 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07–1.19) compared with the median quintile (Q3) in the fully adjusted model. Similarly, participants in the Q5 of the TG/HDL-C ratio were associated with 1.38 (95% CI: 1.27–1.49), 1.71 (95% CI: 1.61–1.82), 1.75 (95% CI: 1.66–1.84), and 1.21 (1.16–1.27) odds for having high AST, ALT, GGT, and ALP respectively. The AUC (95% CI) value of the TyG index for predicting high AST, high ALT, and high GGT was 0.699 (0.692–0.705), 0.738 (0.734–0.742), and 0.752 (0.749–0.755), respectively. Meanwhile, the AUC (95% CI) of the TG/HDL-C ratio for predicting high AST, high ALT, and high GGT was 0.680 (0.673–0.686), 0.738 (0.734–0.742), 0.734 (0.731–0.738), respectively. Conclusions: Our study supported that the TyG index and TG/HDL-C ratio may be useful as non-invasive methods to predict the existence of impaired liver function in the early stage.

scholarly journals Dynamic changes in liver function parameters in patients with coronavirus disease 2019: a multicentre, retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-Lei Zeng ◽  
Zu-Jiang Yu ◽  
Fanpu Ji ◽  
Guang-Ming Li ◽  
Guo-Fan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Multicentre Retrospective Study

Abstract Background Liver injuries have been reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This study aimed to investigate the clinical role played by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods In this multicentre, retrospective study, the parameters of liver function tests in COVID-19 inpatients were compared between various time-points in reference to SARS-CoV-2 shedding, and 3 to 7 days before the first detection of viral shedding was regarded as the reference baseline. Results In total, 70 COVID-19 inpatients were enrolled. Twenty-two (31.4%) patients had a self-medication history after illness. At baseline, 10 (14.3%), 7 (10%), 9 (12.9%), 2 (2.9%), 15 (21.4%), and 4 (5.7%) patients already had abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, and total bilirubin (TBIL) values, respectively. ALT and AST abnormal rates and levels did not show any significant dynamic changes during the full period of viral shedding (all p > 0.05). The GGT abnormal rate (p = 0.008) and level (p = 0.033) significantly increased on day 10 of viral shedding. Meanwhile, no simultaneous significant increases in abnormal ALP rates and levels were observed. TBIL abnormal rates and levels significantly increased on days 1 and 5 of viral shedding (all p < 0.05). Albumin abnormal decrease rates increased, and levels decreased consistently from baseline to SARS-CoV-2 clearance day (all p < 0.05). Thirteen (18.6%) patients had chronic liver disease, two of whom died. The ALT and AST abnormal rates and levels did not increase in patients with chronic liver disease during SARS-CoV-2 shedding. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 does not directly lead to elevations in ALT and AST but may result in elevations in GGT and TBIL; albumin decreased extraordinarily even when SARS-CoV-2 shedding ended.

scholarly journals COVID-19 associated variations in liver function parameters: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2020-138930
Author(s):  
Ram Krishan Saini ◽  
Neha Saini ◽  
Sant Ram ◽  
Shiv Lal Soni ◽  
Vikas Suri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Abnormal Liver Function ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

BackgroundCharacteristics of laboratory findings of COVID-19 patients are of great significance for diagnosis and treatment. Studies that have analysed the variations in hepatic profile in correlation with the inflammatory markers in SARS-CoV-2 are limited.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed liver function tests and inflammatory markers of 170 admitted patients with confirmed COVID-19 in the tertiary care centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), India, using Roche Cobas Autoanalyzer.ResultsNumber of patients with normal liver enzyme levels were 63 (41.5%), while with raised levels of any of the liver enzymes were 89 (58.5%), out of which 43 (48.31%) had liver injury which manifested as increased severity in terms of intensive care unit (ICU) requirement (p=0.0005). Significantly raised levels of liver enzymes and liver injury were observed with age (p<0.0001) and in males (p=0.004). Significantly decreased levels of albumin and total proteins and increased levels of total bilirubin (p<0.0001) were seen in patients with abnormal liver enzyme levels and liver injury as compared to patients with normal levels. Significant increase in the levels of alanine transaminase and gamma-glutamyl transferase was seen on the 7th day, CRP and ferritin (p<0.0001) peaks were observed on 2nd and 3rd day respectively. A significant positive correlation was found between the levels of these inflammatory markers and liver function parameters.ConclusionsMore than half of patients admitted to the hospital with SARS-CoV-2 infection had an abnormal liver function which was found to be associated with raised levels of inflammatory markers. Significantly higher proportions of patients with abnormal liver function were elderly and males and were at higher risk of progressing to severe disease.

scholarly journals Economic insecurity during the Great Recession and metabolic, inflammatory and liver function biomarkers: analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 1005-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L Niedzwiedz ◽  
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi ◽  
Aaron Reeves ◽  
Martin McKee ◽  
David Stuckler
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Financial Strain ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Economic Insecurity ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

BackgroundEconomic insecurity correlates with adverse health outcomes, but the biological pathways involved are not well understood. We examine how changes in economic insecurity relate to metabolic, inflammatory and liver function biomarkers.MethodsBlood analyte data were taken from 6520 individuals (aged 25–59 years) participating in Understanding Society. Economic insecurity was measured using an indicator of subjective financial strain and by asking participants whether they had missed any bill, council tax, rent or mortgage payments in the past year. We investigated longitudinal changes in economic insecurity (remained secure, increase in economic insecurity, decrease in economic insecurity, remained insecure) and the accumulation of economic insecurity. Linear regression models were calculated for nine (logged) biomarker outcomes related to metabolic, inflammatory, liver and kidney function (as falsification tests), adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsCompared with those who remained economically stable, people who experienced consistent economic insecurity (using both measures) had worsened levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol, triglycerides, C reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and glycated haemoglobin. Increased economic insecurity was associated with adverse levels of HDL-cholesterol (0.955, 95% CI 0.929 to 0.982), triglycerides (1.077, 95% CI 1.018 to 1.139) and CRP (1.114, 95% CI 1.012 to 1.227), using the measure of financial strain. Results for the other measure were generally consistent, apart from the higher levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase observed among those experiencing persistent insecurity (1.200, 95% CI 1.110 to 1.297).ConclusionEconomic insecurity is associated with adverse metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers (particularly HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and CRP), heightening risk for a range of health conditions.

scholarly journals Biomarkers to Assess Liver Function in Various Types of Liver Diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Pradeep G ◽  
Vikram B ◽  
Sharma DVHS
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Obstructive Jaundice ◽  
Viral Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Function Test ◽  
Alcoholic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Background: It is estimated that liver diseases are among the top ten killer diseases in India, causing deaths every year. Besides, there are those who suffered from chronic liver problems needing recurrent hospitalization and prolonged medical attention, which leaves them physically, mentally, emotionally and financially devastated. Methodology: The study included (n=80) various liver disease patients admitted to the General Medicine department and controls (n=20) subjects were having normal health within the age group of 30-55 years. Serum levels of bilirubin, Aspartate Transaminase, Alanine Amino Transferase, Alkaline Phosphatase and Gamma Glutamyl Transferase parameters were studied among the subjects suffering from cirrhosis, alcoholic liver disease, viral hepatitis, obstructive jaundice type of liver diseases. Result: The results of this study showed that the increase in serum levels of Bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP and GGT in various types of liver diseases i.e Obstructive jaundice, Cirrhosis of the liver, Viral hepatitis, Alcoholic Liver disease when compared with controls. Conclusion: Biochemistry laboratory investigations i.e. Liver Function Test (LFT) are a simple, easy measure of tools which can early diagnose the various types of liver diseases. Keywords: Liver diseases; Liver Bio-markers;  Liver Function Test.

scholarly journals A High Percentage of Patients Recovered From COVID-19 but Discharged With Abnormal Liver Function Tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinyi Gan ◽  
Beilei Gong ◽  
Manli Sun ◽  
Zhujun Cao ◽  
Yuyan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Function ◽  
Oxygenation Index ◽  
Liver Function Tests ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Function Tests ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become the most severe global health issue. Abnormal liver functions are frequently reported in these patients. However, liver function abnormality was often overlooked during COVID-19 treatment, and data regarding liver functions after cure of COVID-19 is limited. This study aimed to reveal the changes of liver function tests (LFTs) during hospitalization, and its clinical significance in patients with COVID-19.MethodsIn this retrospective, bi-center study, a total of 158 hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in China were included from January 22nd, 2020 to February 20th, 2020. Clinical features, laboratory parameters including LFTs, and treatment data were collected and analyzed. LFTs included alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and total bilirubin. Patients were considered with abnormal LFTs when any value of these tests was higher than upper limit of normal.ResultsOf 158 patients with COVID-19, 67 (42.41%) patients had abnormal LFTs on admission and another 50 (31.65%) patients developed abnormal LFTs during hospitalization. The incidence of LFTs abnormality in severe COVID-19 cases was significantly higher than non-severe cases. All LFTs in COVID-19 patients were correlated with oxygenation index. There was no statistical difference in treatment between the patients with or without liver test abnormalities. By the time of discharge, there were still 64 (40.50%) patients with abnormal LFTs. Logistic regression analysis identified younger age, hypertension and low lymphocyte counts as independent risk factors for persistent abnormal LFTs during hospitalization.ConclusionLiver function tests abnormality was common in COVID-19 patients and was more prevalent in severe cases than in non-severe cases. A substantial percentage of patients still had abnormal LFTs by the time of discharge.

scholarly journals SEN virus genotype H distribution in β-thalassemic patients and in healthy donors in Iraq: Molecular and physiological study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mushtak T.S. Al-Ouqaili ◽  
Yasin H. Majeed ◽  
Sahar K. Al-Ani
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Sen Virus ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

AbstractThe SEN virus (SENV) has been linked to transfusion-associated non-A-E hepatitis; however, information regarding SENV infections in patients with thalassemia, particularly in those with hepatitis virus co-infections, remains limited. This study investigated the frequency of SENV (genotypes D and H) infections in Iraqi patients with thalassemia who were and were not infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). The study involved 150 β-thalessemia patients (75 with HCV infections and 75 without) and 75 healthy blood donors. Patient levels of vitamins C and E, liver function markers, and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were determined. Recovered viral nucleic acids were amplified using the conventional polymerase chain reaction (SENV DNA) or the real-time polymerase chain reaction (HCV RNA) techniques. Only 10% of healthy donors had evidence of SENV infection. Among patients with thalassemia, 80% and 77% of patients with and without concurrent HCV infections, respectively, had SENV infections. DNA sequencing analyses were performed on blood samples obtained from 29 patients. Patients with thalassemia, particularly those with SENV infections, had higher levels of several enzymatic liver function markers and total serum bilirubin (P < 0.05) than did healthy blood donors. Among the examined liver function markers, only gamma-glutamyl transferase demonstrated significantly higher levels in HCV-negative patients infected with SENV-H than in those infected with SENV-D (P = 0.01). There were significantly lower vitamin C, vitamin E, and glutathione peroxidase levels in patients than in healthy donors (P < 0.05), but only glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly lower in HCV-negative thalassemia patients infected with SENV than in those without SENV infections (P = 0.04). The SENV-H genotype sequences were similar to the global standard genes in GenBank. These results increase our understanding of the nature of the SENV-H genotype and the differential role of SENV-H infections, compared to SENV-D infections, in patients with thalassemia, in Iraq.Author summaryIn patients with β-thalassemia, regular blood transfusions increase patient survival but increase the risk of acquiring blood-borne viral infections, especially viral hepatitis. The SEN virus (SENV) is associated with non-A-E hepatitis but its exact role in the pathogenesis of liver disease remains unknown. This study investigated the frequency of SENV infections among Iraqi patients with thalassemia, with and without hepatitis C infections. The study revealed that the prevalence of SENV infections is significantly higher in patients with β-thalassemia, regardless of their hepatitis C infection status, than in a healthy population of blood donors. The two most common genotypes of the virus (D and H) have generally similar physiological impacts as both increase the levels of markers of hepatic dysfunction in thalassemia patients. However, SENV-H infections were associated with significantly higher levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase in HCV-negative patients with thalassemia, potentially predicting hepatocellular carcinoma development. Although thalassemia patients demonstrated significantly lower levels of the antioxidants vitamins C and E, compared with healthy donors, only the levels of glutathione peroxidase (another antioxidant) were significantly lower in SENV-infected patients than in non-SENV-infected patients. This study aids our understanding of the differential effects of SENV-D and SENV-H infections in β-thalassemia patients.

scholarly journals Liver Transplantation in Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis With Normal Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase: Evaluation of Post-Transplant Steatosis and Steatohepatitis

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossein Anbardar ◽  
Seyed Mohsen Dehghani ◽  
Maryam Poostkar ◽  
Seyed Ali Malek-Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis ◽  
Post Transplant ◽  
End Stage Liver Disease ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
End Stage

Background: Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis is a disease presenting with severe cholestasis and progressing to the end-stage liver disease later. Liver transplantation is a treatment modality available for progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, especially in patients with end-stage liver disease or those who are unsuitable for or have failed biliary diversion. Objectives: To evaluate clinical and pathological characteristics of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis patients who had undergone liver transplantation and to determine post-transplant steatosis and steatohepatitis. Methods: We evaluated 111 progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis patients with normal gamma-glutamyl transferase that performed liver transplantation in Shiraz Transplant Center in Iran between March 2000 and March 2017. Results: The most common clinical manifestations were jaundice and pruritus. Growth retardation and diarrhea were detected in 76.6% and 42.5% of the patients. After transplantation, growth retardation was seen in 31.5% of the patients, and diarrhea in 36.9% of them. Besides, 29.1% of the patients died post-transplant. Post-transplant liver biopsies were taken from 50 patients, and 15 (30%) patients had steatosis or steatohepatitis, five of whom (10%) had macro-vesicular steatosis alone, and 10 (20%) had steatohepatitis. Only one patient showed moderate bridging fibrosis (stage III), and none of them showed severe fibrosis. Conclusions: Liver transplantation is the final treatment option for these patients, and it can relieve most clinical manifestations. However, post-transplant mortality rate was relatively high in our center. Diarrhea, growth retardation, and steatosis are unique post-transplant complications in these patients. The rate of post-transplant steatosis and steatohepatitis in patients with liver biopsy in our study was 30%, with a significant difference from previous studies.

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