The pedagogical work of G.G. Antonescu from a diachronic perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 64-68
Author(s):  
Ionela Brinza ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Purpose ◽  
History Of ◽  
Institutional Model ◽  
Epistemological Dimension

The general purpose of this article is to analyze the work of G.G. Antonescu from the perspective of his actuality in the modern and contemporary (postmodern) era, as seen by one of the most important representatives of the history of Romanian pedagogy, Ion Gh. Stanciu. We consider the analysis of the historical dimension of the work of the pedagogue G.G. Antonescu (1882-1955), from a diachronic perspective and highlighting the epistemological dimension of his pedagogy, supported at a conceptual, normative and methodological level, but also by the institutional model designed at the level of his entire work in the spirit of the planned reform.

Colossus, Codebreaking, and the Digital Age

Colossus ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Budiansky
Keyword(s):  
Digital Age ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

The paths that took men and women from their ordinary lives and deposited them on the doorstep of the odd profession of cryptanalysis were always tortuous, accidental, and unpredictable. The full story of the Colossus, the pioneering electronic device developed by the Government Code and Cypher School (GC & CS) to break German teleprinter ciphers in the Second World War, is fundamentally a story of several of these accidental paths converging at a remarkable moment in the history of electronics—and of the wartime urgency that set these men and women on these odd paths. Were it not for the wartime necessity of codebreaking, and were it not for particular statistical and logical properties of the teleprinter ciphers that were so eminently suited to electronic analysis, the history of computing might have taken a very different course. The fact that Britain’s codebreakers cracked the high-level teleprinter ciphers of the German Army and Luftwaffe high command during the Second World War has been public knowledge since the 1970s. But the recent declassification of new documents about Colossus and the teleprinter ciphers, and the willingness of key participants to discuss their roles more fully, has laid bare as never before the technical challenges they faced—not to mention the intense pressures, the false steps, and the extraordinary risks and leaps of faith along the way. It has also clarified the true role that the Colossus machines played in the advent of the digital age. Though they were neither general-purpose nor stored-program computers themselves, the Colossi sparked the imaginations of many scientists, among them Alan Turing and Max Newman, who would go on to help launch the post-war revolution that ushered in the age of the digital, general-purpose, stored-program electronic computer. Yet the story of Colossus really begins not with electronics at all, but with codebreaking; and to understand how and why the Colossi were developed and to properly place their capabilities in historical context, it is necessary to understand the problem they were built to solve, and the people who were given the job of solving it.

scholarly journals RSDM: A Powerful Direct Method to Predict the Asymptotic Cyclic Behavior of Elastoplastic Structures

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantinos V. Spiliopoulos ◽  
Ioannis A. Kapogiannis
Keyword(s):  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Time History ◽  
Direct Methods ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Cyclic Behavior ◽  
Asymptotic State ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Elastic Shakedown

AbstractMechanical engineering structures and structural components are often subjected to cyclic thermomechanical loading which stresses their material beyond its elastic limits well inside the inelastic regime. Depending on the level of loading inelastic strains may lead either to failure, due to low cycle fatigue or ratcheting, or to safety, through elastic shakedown. Thus, it is important to estimate the asymptotic stress state of such structures. This state may be determined by cumbersome incremental time-stepping calculations. Direct methods, alternatively, have big computational advantages as they focus on the characteristics of these states and try to establish them, in a direct way, right from the beginning of the calculations. Among the very few such general-purpose direct methods, a powerful direct method which has been called RSDM has appeared in the literature. The method may directly predict any asymptotic state when the exact time history of the loading is known. The advantage of the method is due to the fact that it addresses the physics of the asymptotic cycle and exploits the cyclic nature of its expected residual stress distribution. Based on RSDM a method for the shakedown analysis of structures, called RSDM-S has also been developed. Despite most direct methods for shakedown, RSDM-S does not need an optimization algorithm for its implementation. Both RSDM and RSDM-S may be implemented in any Finite Element Code. A thorough review of both these methods, together with examples of implementation are presented herein.

scholarly journals Efficient pedigree recording for fast population genetics simulation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome Kelleher ◽  
Kevin R. Thornton ◽  
Jaime Ashanderf ◽  
Peter L. Ralph
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetics ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Storage Space ◽  
Efficiency Gains ◽  
Genetic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Neutral Mutations

AbstractIn this paper we describe how to efficiently record the entire genetic history of a population in forwards-time, individual-based population genetics simulations with arbitrary breeding models, population structure and demography. This approach dramatically reduces the computational burden of tracking individual genomes by allowing us to simulate only those loci that may affect reproduction (those having non-neutral variants). The genetic history of the population is recorded as a succinct tree sequence as introduced in the software package msprime, on which neutral mutations can be quickly placed afterwards. Recording the results of each breeding event requires storage that grows linearly with time, but there is a great deal of redundancy in this information. We solve this storage problem by providing an algorithm to quickly ‘simplify’ a tree sequence by removing this irrelevant history for a given set of genomes. By periodically simplifying the history with respect to the extant population, we show that the total storage space required is modest and overall large efficiency gains can be made over classical forward-time simulations. We implement a general-purpose framework for recording and simplifying genealogical data, which can be used to make simulations of any population model more efficient. We modify two popular forwards-time simulation frameworks to use this new approach and observe efficiency gains in large, whole-genome simulations of one to two orders of magnitude. In addition to speed, our method for recording pedigrees has several advantages: (1) All marginal genealogies of the simulated individuals are recorded, rather than just genotypes. (2) A population of N individuals with M polymorphic sites can be stored in O(N log N + M) space, making it feasible to store a simulation’s entire final generation as well as its history. (3) A simulation can easily be initialized with a more efficient coalescent simulation of deep history. The software for recording and processing tree sequences is named tskit.Author SummarySexually reproducing organisms are related to the others in their species by the complex web of parent-offspring relationships that constitute the pedigree. In this paper, we describe a way to record all of these relationships, as well as how genetic material is passed down through the pedigree, during a forwards-time population genetic simulation. To make effective use of this information, we describe both efficient storage methods for this embellished pedigree as well as a way to remove all information that is irrelevant to the genetic history of a given set of individuals, which dramatically reduces the required amount of storage space. Storing this information allows us to produce whole-genome sequence from simulations of large populations in which we have not explicitly recorded new genomic mutations; we find that this results in computational run times of up to 50 times faster than simulations forced to explicitly carry along that information.

scholarly journals EPISTEMOLOGICAL DIMENSION OF DESIGN CULTURE WITHIN KJETIL FALLAN HISTORICAL STUDIES

2018 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Y. O. Butsykina
Keyword(s):  
History Of Science ◽  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Design History ◽  
Design Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Design ◽  
Epistemological Dimension

Article discusses basic epistemological questions related to historical studies of design provided by the well-known design historian Kjetil Fal- lan. It is devoted to the analyses of the researcher’s investigation of ‘isms’ notion as a categorizing concept that can be described within cultural modes (first of all, Modern, modernity and modernism). This leads to another dimension of the "design culture" notion that provides dialectic rela- tion between ideology and practice, constructed with ‘isms’. The latter are presented as dynamic discourses, reflected in the ‘episteme’ concept by Michel Foucault. Article analyzes Thomas Kuhn’s and Paul Feyerabend’s notion of paradigms as a structuring device in the history of science used by Fallan to contemplate the dynamics of changes in the history of design. The main idea of the theory is to outline a differential paradigmatic sys- tem in design history. That has to provide deeper investigation of design history terminology and its conceptualization principles reflection.

Improving Accuracy of Evolving GMM Under GPGPU-Friendly Block-Evolutionary Pattern

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 2050006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlei Chen ◽  
Chengduan Wang ◽  
Jinkui Hou ◽  
Ming Qi ◽  
Jiangyan Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Em Algorithm ◽  
Mixture Model ◽  
Gaussian Mixture ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Batch Mode ◽  
Model Order ◽  
Evolutionary Pattern ◽  
Clustering Model ◽  
History Of

As a classical clustering model, Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) can be the footstone of dominant machine learning methods like transfer learning. Evolving GMM is an approximation to the classical GMM under time-critical or memory-critical application scenarios. Such applications often have constraints on time-to-answer or high data volume, and raise high computation demand. A prominent approach to address the demand is GPGPU-powered computing. However, the existing evolving GMM algorithms are confronted with a dilemma between clustering accuracy and parallelism. Point-wise algorithms achieve high accuracy but exhibit limited parallelism due to point-evolutionary pattern. Block-wise algorithms tend to exhibit higher parallelism. Whereas, it is challenging to achieve high accuracy under a block-evolutionary pattern due to the fact that it is difficult to track evolving process of the mixture model in fine granularity. Consequently, the existing block-wise algorithm suffers from significant accuracy degradation, compared to its batch-mode counterpart: the standard EM algorithm. To cope with this dilemma, we focus on the accuracy issue and develop an improved block-evolutionary GMM algorithm for GPGPU-powered computing systems. Our algorithm leverages evolving history of the model to estimate the latest model order in each incremental clustering step. With this model order as a constraint, we can perform similarity test in an elastic manner. Finally, we analyze the evolving history of both mixture components and the data points, and propose our method to merge similar components. Experiments on real images show that our algorithm significantly improves accuracy of the original general purpose bock-wise algorithm. The accuracy of our algorithm is at least comparable to that of the standard EM algorithm and even outperforms the latter under certain scenarios.

scholarly journals Development of technical means of auscultation.

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
Yu V Miroshnichenko ◽  
Yu Sh Khalimov ◽  
S Z Umarov
Keyword(s):  
Personal Computer ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Classical Method ◽  
Acoustic Signals ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Pulmonary Diseases ◽  
Entire Spectrum ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Respiratory Systems

In everyday medical practice, the classical method of auscultation is used to diagnose almost the entire spectrum of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. The history of the creation and development of auscultation tools (stethoscope, phonendoscope, microstethoscope) is described, the analysis of existing technical means for the behavior of classical auscultation is carried out. The basic requirements for devices for general purpose auscultation are most fully met by the stethophonendoscope, a binaural device with combined stethoscopic and phonendoscopic heads. The main characteristics of stethoscopes produced by leading global manufacturers are given. An assessment of the prospects for digital (digital) stethoscopes is given. A digital stethoscope can transform acoustic signals into electronic ones that can be further enhanced for optimal listening. In addition, electronic signals can be further digitized using a personal computer or laptop. The emergence of a digital stethoscope means a new stage in the development of the classical method of auscultation to identify the pathology of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. The underlying technologies allow the use of a digital stethoscope for the needs of telemedicine.

scholarly journals Reinterpretasi Persepsi Keagamaan tentang Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan (Perspektif Maqashid al-Syariah)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Budi Rahmat Hakim ◽  
Herlinawati Herlinawati
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Central Theme ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Principles Of Justice ◽  
Physical And Psychological Violence ◽  
Protection Of Life

Abstract: Conceptually, the existence of religion is actually an alternative for the creation of a reality without violence, especially against women. Islam introduces the concept of preventing violence against women which refers to substantive verses (ushuliyah), as well as a general purpose / basis of sharia (maqashid al-syariah). In the context of married life, there are some basic rules put forward by the Al Quran as a guarantee for the benefit of a wife to avoid physical and psychological violence in relation to fulfilling her rights as a woman. This paper seeks to analyze and find the idea of benefit outlined by sharia in its relevance to efforts to prevent violence in a broad sense as upholding the principles of justice, human rights, and protection of life as the embodiment of maqashid al sharia. In understanding several verses, it is often questioned that the interpretation tends to give priority to men and downplay metaphors. In fact, these verses do not mean to denigrate women, they only refer to social roles and roles based on gender (gender roles), even generally having a history of sabab al-nuzul, so they are very historical. Generally verses like this are intended to support and realize the general purpose (maqashid) of the essential verses (ushul) which are also the central theme of the Quran. Abstrak: Secara konsep, keberadaan agama sesungguhnya menjadi alternatif bagi terciptanya realitas tanpa kekerasan khususnya terhadap perempuan. Islam memperkenalkan konsep pencegahan kekerasan terhadap perempuan yang mengacu pada ayat-ayat subtantif (ushuliyah), sekaligus menjadi tujuan umum/dasar syariah (maqashid al-syariah). Dalam konteks kehidupan berumah tangga terdapat beberapa aturan dasar yang diketengahkan Al Quran sebagai jaminan kemaslahatan bagi seorang istri untuk terhindar dari tindakan kekerasan fisik maupun psikis dalam kaitannya dengan pemenuhan hak-haknya sebagai perempuan. Tulisan ini berupaya menganalisis dan menemukan gagasan kemaslahatan yang digariskan syariat dalam relevansinya dengan upaya pencegahan tindak kekerasan dalam makna yang luas sebagai penegakkan prinsip keadilan, hak asasi, dan perlindungan hidup sebagai perwujudan maqashid al-syariah. Dalam memahami beberapa ayat, sering dipermasalahkan penafsiran yang cenderung memberi keutamaan kepada  laki-laki dan mengecilkan perumpuan. Padahal sesungguhnya ayat-ayat ini tidak bermaksud  merendahkan kaum perempuan, ia hanya merujuk pada fungsi dan peran sosial berdasarkan jenis kelamin (gender roles), bahkan umumnya mempunyai riwayat sabab al-nuzul, jadi sifatnya sangat historis. Umumnya ayat-ayat seperti ini dimaksudkan untuk mendukung dan mewujudkan tujuan umum (maqashid) ayat-ayat esensial (ushul) yang juga menjadi tema sentral Al Quran.

Pathways to Extraterritorial Voting

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-90
Author(s):  
Katrina Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Electoral Rules ◽  
Resource Model ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Large N ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Competing Models ◽  
Institutional Model

Chapter 4 focuses on extraterritorial voting as the most formalized channel of migrant engagement in politics back home. After a brief history of voting from abroad in Turkey, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and the Philippines, it introduces three competing models for explaining voter turnout: (1) a resource model based on migrant profiles; (2) an institutional model that focuses on electoral rules; and (3) a mobilization model that highlights party outreach. Combining data from the four cases with the results of large-n quantitative analysis developed elsewhere, the chapter argues that variations in turnout cannot be explained just by migrant profiles or institutional conditions but must also take into account extraterritorial mobilization by homeland parties. It concludes that the extent and nature of this mobilization are directly and integrally linked to the objectives and strategies of states engaged in diaspora-making.

Carving Nature at Its Joints: The Entity Concept in an Entangled Society

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louella Moore
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Natural Kinds ◽  
Financial Statements ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Cultural Bias ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Accounting Practice ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Pragmatism ◽  
Reporting Entity

ABSTRACTParsing the dividing lines between financial reporting entities and individual elements poses significant professional challenges. In contrast, FASB/IASB exposure drafts on The Reporting Entity describe the boundaries of reporting entities as self-evident and objectively determinable. This paper argues that the entity problem in accounting is much broader than merely a question of determining what activities to include in general purpose financial statements. The history of the accounting entity concept and Scott's (1931) monograph, The Cultural Significance of Accounts, are revisited to explain the weak philosophical basis for modern accounting practice. The paper argues that the FASB/IASB conceptual frameworks exhibit a cultural bias of finite objectivism grounded in philosophical pragmatism and an Aristotelian logic of “natural kinds” sorted into disjoint categories. Alternative conceptualizations from outside the accounting literature depict reality as intertwined, unbounded, and not easily sorted into disjoint categories. The paper concludes that while some disciplines are beginning to view firms as entangled social organisms with problematic boundaries, the accounting profession's ability to adapt may be constrained by a philosophical foundation that treats boundaries of reporting units, accounting practice, and even academic discourse as self-evident.

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