Accurate Method for Comparison of Scorching Qualities of Accelerators

1929 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
H. R. Thies
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Value Stocks ◽  
History Of ◽  
Milling Temperature ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control ◽  
Complete History

Abstract The determination of critical point curves for accelerators is of value in ascertaining their scorching tendencies. Also, the index number, defined as that increment of time at which the set-up crosses the 140 mm. “height of column” ordinate, is of value in comparing the scorching qualities of various accelerators. For accurate work the cures on the accelerators compared should be balanced at the temperature of use, and control obscuration readings should be fairly close together in their value. Stocks should be milled in as nearly the same manner as possible. For the complete history of an accelerator's behavior, critical point determinations should be made at at least two and perhaps three, temperatures, one corresponding to the milling temperature, another to the warm storing temperature of stock after it has left the mill or calender, and a third to room temperature, although the experimental results on the last named are not complete at this time. If these determinations are made, the scorching tendencies of an accelerator under actual factory use can be predicted with accuracy.

The Legislature and the Administration, I

1936 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-256
Author(s):  
John A. Fairlie
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
National Government ◽  
Administrative Authority ◽  
Central Group ◽  
Single Person ◽  
Legislative Branch ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control

Mr. W. F. Willoughby, in his Principles of Public Administration, holds that “the function of direction, supervision, and control of the administrative activities of the government resides in the legislative branch of the government.” More specifically, he states that, “in the case of our national government at least, Congress is the source of all administrative authority.” It may be suggested however, that an examination of existing systems of government shows a large amount of variation in this respect, and that three main systems may be recognized.These three main systems may be noted in private as well as in public administration. In undertakings managed directly by a single person, he at the same time is the organizer of the business and conducts its operation. This may be called an autochthonous administration. In collective groups, or societies, a distinction appears between the determination of general policies by the group or society (or by a general committee) and the actual management by the officers or agencies set up by the central group for certain purposes.

‘Dynamic Differentiation’: The Principles of CBDR-RC, Progression and Highest Possible Ambition in the Paris Agreement

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Voigt ◽  
Felipe Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Collective Learning ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Duty Of Care ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Common But Differentiated Responsibilities ◽  
Climate Action ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nationally Determined Contributions ◽  
Set Up

AbstractThe Paris Agreement has struck a careful balance between the need for ambitious and effective climate action and for fair effort sharing among parties based on differentiation. This article provides an overview of the negotiation history of differentiation and analyzes the ‘dynamic differentiation’ as built into the architecture of the Agreement. While being set against the normative background of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Paris Agreement adopts a more diversified way of differential treatment among parties, approaching it in three complementary ways: firstly, on a principled basis, reflecting common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC), in the light of different national circumstances; secondly, in the content of its articles, in particular on mitigation, finance and transparency; and thirdly, on the basis of the principles of progression and highest possible ambition, which represent new and dynamic aspects of differentiation. The authors argue that ‘highest possible ambition’ is reflective of a duty of care that states now need to exercise. It implies a due diligence standard, which requires each government to act in proportion to the risk at stake and to take all appropriate and adequate climate measures according to its responsibility and its best capabilities. By expecting parties to apply this standard at each successive preparation of nationally determined contributions (NDCs), and to progress beyond previous ones, the Paris Agreement has set up reiterative processes, an ‘international normative pull’ and a collective learning environment. This, in turn, creates a reflexive approach to parties’ determination of effort, promoting the evolution of voluntary cooperative behaviour.

scholarly journals The Problem of Property Rights to Land Acquisition of State (Jurisprudence and Conditions in Land National Law)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Mahli Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Land Acquisition ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
And Control

This study aims to answer the problem of construct and control of the state land by various parties to acquire the property. Structurally scholars of jurisprudence establishof three procedures, such as identification, turn and obtain approval from the government to acquire the property. While the provisions of the National Agrarian Land Legislation of Indonesia set-up of property rights happen in three ways; the determination of the government, the provision of conversion  and based on customary law. These requirements include the identification of former state land and wastelands and conditions, cultivation way, and obtaining permission from the government. While distinctive occur in terms designation and use of land in the Treasury Office into the absolute requirement for bookkeeping administrative enforcement of land rights. While the jurisprudence is not required certain types of plants or buildings in the enforcement of land rights administration books. While in general terms there should be plants and buildings as well as the limits of the fence is needed as a requirement in jurisprudence. While at the acreage requirement in the Treasury Office required two hectares per household, is an important requirement for the Treasury Office, because they want to regulate the distribution and people's livelihood of farmers` equalization.

scholarly journals Comparative efficacy of imported fowl pox virus vaccine with locally produced one in backyard chicks

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Islam ◽  
MSR Khan ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MEH Kayesh ◽  
MR Karim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virus Vaccine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Protection And Control ◽  
And Control ◽  
Group D

A total of 80 experimentally reared backyard chicks with the history of non-vaccinated parents to FPV vaccine were used for the determination of persistence of maternally derived antibody in chicks and to compare the efficacy of Poxine® and DLS-FPV vaccine in protecting the chicks. Chicks were divided into five groups namely group A, B, C, D and E where each group contained 15 chicks except group A contained 20 chicks which was also used to determine the persistence of maternally derived antibody (MDA). Birds of group B and C were vaccinated with DLS-FPV at day 22 and 18 respectively through wing web puncture (WWP), whereas group D and E were vaccinated with Poxine® at day 36 and 18 respectively. Sera were randomly colleted from 10 chicks of each group at 7, 14 and 21 days of post vaccination for the determination of antibody titre using PHA test. Ten chickens from each group were challenged three weeks post vaccination with 106 EID50/0.1ml. "Take reaction" was recorded to assess the better immune response in different groups after vaccination. Birds of group B, C, D and E showed 100, 86.67, 93 and 86.67% "take reaction", respectively. The highest Mean PHA titre was found 217.60 ± 19.55 in the chicks of group B. After challenge, the birds of group B and D showed 100% protection, whereas birds of group C and E showed 93.33% protection and control group showed no protection. From the results of PHA test it may be concluded that both Poxine® and DLS-FPV vaccines are equally suitable and the chicks of nonvaccinated origin might be vaccinated with DLS-FPV at day 18 or 22 and 36 in case of Poxine® fowl pox virus vaccine. Key words: Efficacy, fowl pox virus vaccine, backyard chicks, age DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v6i1.1334 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 23-26

scholarly journals Regulation and control of duty hours of the record clerks in Russia during 1725-1734 (on the example of Middle Ural)

2020 ◽  
pp. 96-121
Author(s):  
Elena Vasil'evna Borodina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Duty Hours ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Peter The Great ◽  
State Administration ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
And Control

This article is dedicated to examination of the history of establishment of the institution of duty hours at the time of Russian Empire after the death of Peter the Great. Namely the years of the rule of the first Russian emperor mark the emergence of the paramount of normative legal acts, which determined the fundamentals for regulation of state administration. The subject of this research is the analysis of discipline and control practices of the work of record clerks in the decade after the death of Peter the Great. The goal consists in determination of peculiarities in regulation of duty hours of the clerks during 1725-1734. The method of historiographical analysis allowed examining the internal criticism of the structure and content of legislative acts and documental materials. The author also applied the chronological method, mathematical analysis, and method of comparative-legal studies. The scientific novelty lies in comparison of the legislation and regulation practice of duty hours of the clerks in a particular region of the Russian Empire. Despite the sufficient knowledge on the history of mining administration in the Ural Region, the question of regulation of duty hours of the clerks of Siberian Oberbergamt did not receive due attention on the pages of monographs and articles. The comparison of legislative acts and specificity of orderliness of activity of the clerks of Siberian Oberbergamt and subordinate establishments allowed determining that the regulations on duty hours recorded in General Regulation required constant reinforcement by the local normative acts. Along with the monetary fines set by the Regulation, the record clerks were punished by confinements, demotion to a lower appointment, as well as hitting by cudgels. The increase in document flow created conditions for strengthening control over the work of clerks.

scholarly journals Towards a Personalized Organized Screening in Breast Cancer : Practical Determination of Thresholds of Risk in Women at Average-Risk

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Bonnet ◽  
Jean Pierre Daures ◽  
Paul Landais
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Threshold ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Level Of Risk

Abstract In France, more than 10 million women at ”average” risk of breast cancer (BC), are included in the organized BC screening. Existing predictive models of BC risk are not adapted to the French population. Thus, we set up a new score in the French Hérault region and looked for a graded level of risk in women at "average" risk. We recruited a retrospective cohort of women, aged 50 to 60, who underwent the organized BC screening, and included 2241 non-cancer women and 527 who developed a BC during a 12-year follow-up period (2006-2018). The risk factors identified were high breast density (ACR BI-RADS grading)(B vs A: HR 1.41, 95%CI [1.05; 1.9], p=0.023; C vs A: HR=1.65 [1.2; 2.27], p=0.02 ; D vs A: HR=2.11 [1.25;3.58],p=0.006), a history of maternal breast cancer (HR=1.61 [1.24; 2.09], p < 0.001), and socioeconomic difficulties (HR 1.23 [1.09; 1.55], p=0.003). While early menopause (HR=0.36 [0.13; 0.99], p=0.003) and an age at menarche after 12 years (HR=0.77 [0.63; 0.95], p=0.047) were protective factors. We identified 3 groups at risk: lower, average, and higher, respectively. A low threshold was characterized at 1.9% of risk and a high threshold at 4.5%. Mean risks in the 3 groups of risk were 1.37%, 2.68%, and 5.84%, respectively. Thus, 12% of women presented a level of risk different from the average risk group, corresponding to 600,000 women involved in the French organized BC screening, enabling to propose a new strategy for performing an organized and personalized national BC screening.

Perinatal lamb mortality - its investigation, causes and control

1991 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Haughey
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Prenatal Nutrition ◽  
Birth Stress ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
Qualitative Estimate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ultrasonic Determination ◽  
And Control

Methods of investigating perinatal loss in grazing sheep flocks are reviewed and evaluated. The "wet-dry" method is the simplest method for assessing minimal prevalence, whereas the differences between the numbers of single and twin foetuses present at ultrasonic determination of litter size during pregnancy, and the numbers of single and twin lambs present at lamb-marking, is the most precise. The veterinary investigation of field mortality involves full autopsy of a representative sample of dead lambs, a history of prenatal nutrition, disease and husbandry, as well as a qualitative estimate of weather conditions over the period of lamb collection. Pathological processes may be identified in over 95% of deaths and the specific cause determined in about 75% of deaths. The identification of the specific causes in the remainder of deaths, all classified as the starvation-mismothering-exposure (SME) complex, requires intensive, costly, on-site observation, and physiological and biochemical assessment. The probable causes of these deaths include prenatal physiological handicaps resulting from placental insufficiency, aberrant parent-offspring behaviour, management-induced mismothering, misadventure, inadequate milk supply or teat and udder abnormalities, and cold-induced starvation. The gross pathology and pathophysiology of birth stress and the SME complex, which are associated with at least 80% of mortality, are summarised. Birth injury to the foetal central nervous system, characterised by cranial and spinal meningeal haemorrhage is exclusive to parturient deaths and the SME complex. Observed flock prevalences range from 81% to 100% in parturient deaths, and 20% to 57% in the SME complex. The high total prevalence and experimental evidence, indicate the major causal role of birth stress in the pathogenesis of these entities. Lethal congenital malformations, infections (both congenital and acquired after birth), trace element deficiencies and predation are reviewed as minor causes. The new understanding of the pathogenesis of perinatal lamb mortality, recognises the heritable nature of birth mass, maternal pelvic dimensions, parent-offspring behaviour, and the resistance of neonates to cold. Control measures need to incorporate selection for maternal rearing ability, further refinement of prenatal nutritional management of twin-bearing ewes, disease control, provision of shelter for lambing flocks, and avoidance of husbandry: practices which frustrate innate parent-offspring behaviour. A selection programme is summarised.

Ultrastructural changes in sciatic nerve tissue: Effects of passive maternal smoking

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
Amankwah K.S. ◽  
A.D. Weberg ◽  
R.C. Kaufmann
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Nerve Tissue ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
And Control ◽  
Spontaneous Delivery

Previous research has revealed that passive (involuntary inhalation) tobacco smoking during gestation can have adverse effects upon the developing fetus. These prior investigations did not concentrate on changes in fetal morphology. This study was undertaken to delineate fetal neural abnormalities at the ultrastructural level in mice pups exposed in utero to passive maternal smoking.Pregnant study animals, housed in a special chamber, were subjected to cigarette smoke daily from conception until delivery. Blood tests for determination of carbon monoxide levels were run at 15-18 days gestation. Sciatic nerve tissue from experimental and control animals were obtained following spontaneous delivery and fixed in 2.5% gluteraldehyde in 0.1M cacodylate buffer pH 7.3. The samples were post-fixed in osmium ferrocyanide (1:1 mixture of 1.5% aqueous OSO4 and 2.5% K4 Fe(CN)6). Following dehydration, the tissues were infiltrated with and embedded in Spurr. Sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate.

The Effects of Drying Techniques on Clay-Rich Soil Texture

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 466-467
Author(s):  
T. G. Naymik
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Quartz Grains

Three techniques were incorporated for drying clay-rich specimens: air-drying, freeze-drying and critical point drying. In air-drying, the specimens were set out for several days to dry or were placed in an oven (80°F) for several hours. The freeze-dried specimens were frozen by immersion in liquid nitrogen or in isopentane at near liquid nitrogen temperature and then were immediately placed in the freeze-dry vacuum chamber. The critical point specimens were molded in agar immediately after sampling. When the agar had set up the dehydration series, water-alcohol-amyl acetate-CO2 was carried out. The objectives were to compare the fabric plasmas (clays and precipitates), fabricskeletons (quartz grains) and the relationship between them for each drying technique. The three drying methods are not only applicable to the study of treated soils, but can be incorporated into all SEM clay soil studies.

State-by-State Use of AMA Guides

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 3-7, 16
Keyword(s):  
Expert Testimony ◽  
Narrow Range ◽  
The United States ◽  
Workers Compensation ◽  
Federal Employees ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Sixth Edition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Canadian Provinces

Abstract This article presents a history of the origins and development of the AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment (AMA Guides), from the publication of an article titled “A Guide to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment of the Extremities and Back” (1958) until a compendium of thirteen guides was published in book form in 1971. The most recent, sixth edition, appeared in 2008. Over time, the AMA Guides has been widely used by US states for workers’ compensation and also by the Federal Employees Compensation Act, the Longshore and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act, as well as by Canadian provinces and other jurisdictions around the world. In the United States, almost twenty states have developed some form of their own impairment rating system, but some have a narrow range and scope and advise evaluators to consult the AMA Guides for a final determination of permanent disability. An evaluator's impairment evaluation report should clearly document the rater's review of prior medical and treatment records, clinical evaluation, analysis of the findings, and a discussion of how the final impairment rating was calculated. The resulting report is the rating physician's expert testimony to help adjudicate the claim. A table shows the edition of the AMA Guides used in each state and the enabling statute/code, with comments.

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