An Experimental Study of Failure in Circumferentially Notched Elastomer Cylinders

1993 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia J. Quigley ◽  
Robert Dooley ◽  
David M. Parks
Keyword(s):  
Crack Extension ◽  
Large Deformations ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Stretch Ratio ◽  
Crack Mouth Opening Displacement ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Filled Elastomers ◽  
Tearing Energy

Abstract Cylindrical dumbbell specimens containing deep circumferential cracks were loaded in tension until failure to investigate the fracture process in thick carbon black filled elastomers. Failure occurred at large deformations and was characterized by material tearing and small amounts of slow stable crack extension until rupture. The tearing process itself consisted of two distinct phenomena, delamination and crack extension. Upon load application, parabolic and asymmetric blunting of the crack tip was observed followed by a visible separation of the fabricated crack surfaces into upper and lower crack surfaces connected by an inner core of elastomer material. Localized material failure, identified as delamination, occurred along the outer surface of this inner core between the fabricated crack surfaces. Crack extension in the load direction was found above and below the fabricated crack surfaces. Both qualitative and quantitative aspects of failure were studied. Load and crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) histories were examined, and the stretch ratio and tearing energy at rupture were measured. Finally, a model describing the tearing process was discussed.

Experimental Determination of J-R Curves Using SENB Specimens and P-CMOD Data

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xian-Kui Zhu ◽  
Brian N. Leis
Keyword(s):  
Crack Extension ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Crack Mouth Opening Displacement ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
J Integral ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Load Line Displacement ◽  
Senb Specimen

Fracture toughness and J-R curves of ductile materials are often measured under the guidance of ASTM standard E1820 using the single specimen technique and the elastic unloading compliance method. For the standard single-edge notched bend [SENB] specimens, the load, load-line displacement (LLD), and crack-mouth opening displacement (CMOD) are required being measured simultaneously. The load-CMOD data are used to determine the crack extension, and the load-LLD data together with the crack extension are used to determine the J-integral values in a J-R curve test. Experiments have indicated that the CMOD measurement is very accurate, but the LLD measurement is difficult and less accurate in a fracture test on the SENB specimen. If the load-CMOD records is used to determine the crack extension and the J-integral values, experimental accuracies for the J-R curve testing would be increased, and the test costs can be reduced. To this end, this paper develops a simple relationship between LLD and CMOD that is used to convert the measured CMOD record to the corresponding LLD data, and then to calculate the J values for a growing crack in a J-R curve test on the SENB specimen using one single specimen technique. The proposed method is then verified by the experimental data of J-R curves for HY80 steel using the SENB specimens and the load-CMOD data only. The results show that the proposed method is more accurate and more cost-effective for the J-R curve testing.

scholarly journals Crack Extension Resistance of Normal-Strength Concrete Subjected to Elevated Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jing Chen ◽  
Zhoudao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Crack Extension ◽  
Fracture Process ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Process Zone ◽  
Splitting Method ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Cohesive Force ◽  
Crack Mouth Opening Displacement ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Normal Strength

Determination of the residual crack extension resistance curves (KR-curves) associated with cohesive force distribution on fictitious crack zone of complete fracture process is implemented in present research. The cohesive force distributes according to bilinear softening traction-separation law proposed by Petersson. Totally ten temperatures varying from 20°C to 600°C and the specimen size of230×200×200 mm with initial-notch depth ratios 0.4 are considered. The load-crack mouth opening displacement curves (P-CMOD) of postfire specimens are obtained by wedge-splitting method from which the stress intensity factor curves (K-curves) are calculated. In each temperature, with the distribution of cohesive force along the fracture process zone, the residual fracture toughnessKR(Δa) increases with increasing crack lengthΔa, whereas theKR-curves decrease with increasing temperaturesTmfor the thermal damage induced. The stability analysis on crack propagation demonstrates that when the residualKR-curve is higher thanK-curve, the crack propagates steadily; otherwise, the crack propagates unsteadily.

scholarly journals Influence of notch orientation on ductile tearing in SENT specimens

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Robin Turtelboom ◽  
Pieter Vandenbroucke ◽  
Koen Van Minnebruggen ◽  
Stijn Hertelé ◽  
Matthias Verstraete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Crack Extension ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Potential Drop ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Crack Mouth Opening Displacement ◽  
Mixed Mode Loading ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Ductile Tearing ◽  
Plastic Behaviour

There is a growing interest for the use of spiral welded pipes in strain based design related applications. Since the influence of the spiral weld on the plastic behaviour of the pipe is not yet fully understood, further research on this topic is required. An important aspect of this plastic behaviour is the effect of mixed mode loading on weld defects located in the helical weld. This paper elaborates on the first experimental trials to evaluate ductile tearing by means of single edge notched tensile specimen (SENT) testing with slanted notches. Tests were performed on two SENT specimens, one with a slanted notch and another with a straight notch in order to investigate the influence of mixed mode loading. The crack mouth opening displacement and crack extension were determined experimentally by means of digital image correlation and potential drop measurements respectively. The crack extension and the potential drop measurements were related by means of finite element simulations.

Comparison study of crack propagation in rubberized and conventional prestressed concrete sleepers using digital image correlation

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440972110205
Author(s):  
Guoqing Jing ◽  
Du yunchang ◽  
Ruilin You ◽  
Mohammad Siahkouhi
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Prestressed Concrete ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Crack Mouth Opening Displacement ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Pure Bending ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Rubber Concrete

Rubber concrete (RC) has been confirmed to be suitable for concrete sleeper production. This paper studies the cracking behaviour of conventional and rubber-reinforced concrete sleepers based on the results of an experimental program. The cracking behaviour in the pure bending zone was analysed up to a load of 140 kN. The crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) was accordingly measured using a digital image correlation (DIC) method. The DIC results show that the rubber prestressed concrete sleeper (RPCS) has a resistance against crack initiation that is 20% greater than that of the conventional prestressed concrete sleeper (CPCS) under the same loading condition; however, due to the higher crack growth rate of the RPCS, the first crack detected by the operator forms at 60 kN, which corresponds to a strength approximately 9% lower compared with the 65 kN load at which the first crack is detected in the CPCS. Before the first crack (60 kN), the RPCS has a deflection 35% lower than that of the CPCS, but after cracking, at loads of 80 kN, 100 kN and 140 kN, the RPCS has a deflection 15%, 4% and 24% higher than that of the CPCS, respectively.

Effects of Weld Strength Mismatch on Estimation Procedures for J and CTOD Fracture Parameters Using SE(B) Specimens

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo H. B. Donato ◽  
Claudio Ruggieri
Keyword(s):  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Weld Strength ◽  
Crack Mouth Opening Displacement ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Fracture Parameters ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Estimation Procedures ◽  
Fracture Specimens

This work presents an exploratory development of J and CTOD estimation procedures for welded fracture specimens under bending based upon plastic eta factors and plastic rotation factors. The techniques considered include: i) estimating J and CTOD from plastic work and ii) estimating CTOD from the plastic rotational factor. The primary objective is to gain additional understanding on the effect of weld strength mismatch on estimation techniques to determine J and CTOD fracture parameters for a wide range of a/W-ratios and mismatch levels. Very detailed non-linear finite element analyses for plane-strain models of SE(B) fracture specimens with center cracked, square groove welds provide the evolution of load with increased load-line displacement and crack mouth opening displacement which are required for the estimation procedure. The results show that levels of weld strength mismatch within the range ±20% mismatch do not affect significantly J and CTOD estimation expressions applicable to homogeneous materials, particularly for deeply cracked fracture specimens. The present analyses, when taken together with previous studies, provide a fairly extensive body of results which serve to determine parameters J and CTOD for different materials using bend specimens with varying geometries and mismatch levels.

Experimental analysis of crack evolution in concrete by the acoustic emission technique

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Saliba ◽  
A. Loukili ◽  
J.P. Regoin ◽  
D. Grégoire ◽  
L. Verdon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Fracture Process ◽  
Process Zone ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Acoustic Emissions ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Crack Mouth Opening Displacement ◽  
Notch Depth ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Magnitude Distribution

The fracture process zone (FPZ) was investigated on unnotched and notched beams with different notch depths. Three point bending tests were realized on plain concrete under crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD) control. Crack growth was monitored by applying the acoustic emission (AE) technique. In order to improve our understanding of the FPZ, the width and length of the FPZ were followed based on the AE source locations maps and several AE parameters were studied during the entire loading process. The bvalue analysis, defined as the log-linear slope of the frequency-magnitude distribution of acoustic emissions, was also carried out to describe quantitatively the influence of the relative notch depth on the fracture process. The results show that the number of AE hits increased with the decrease of the relative notch depth and an important AE energy dissipation was observed at the crack initiation in unnotched beams. In addition, the relative notch depth influenced the AE characteristics, the process of crack propagation, and the brittleness of concrete.

scholarly journals Fracture Properties and Softening Curves of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Slag-Based Geopolymer Mortar and Concrete

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Ding ◽  
Yu-Lei Bai
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Fracture Energy ◽  
Inverse Analysis ◽  
Steel Fiber ◽  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Crack Mouth Opening Displacement ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Fracture Properties

Adding short steel fibers into slag-based geopolymer mortar and concrete is an effective method to enhance their mechanical properties. The fracture properties of steel fiber-reinforced slag-based geopolymer concrete/mortar (SGC/SGM) and unreinforced control samples were compared through three-point bending (TPB) tests. The influences of steel fiber volume contents (1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0%) on the fracture properties of SGC and SGM were studied. Load-midspan deflection (P-δ) curves and load-crack mouth opening displacement (P-CMOD) curves of the tested beams were recorded. The compressive and splitting tensile strengths were also tested. The fracture energy, flexural strength parameters, and fracture toughness of steel fiber-reinforced SGC and SGM were calculated and analyzed. The softening curves of steel fiber-reinforced SGC and SGM were determined using inverse analysis. The experimental results show that the splitting tensile strength, fracture energy, and fracture toughness are significantly enhanced with fiber incorporation. A strong correlation between the equivalent and residual flexural strengths is also observed. In addition, the trilinear strain-softening curves obtained by inverse analysis predict well of the load-displacement curves recorded from TPB tests.

Wide Range Compliance Solutions for Various Fracture Test Specimens Using Crack Mouth Opening Displacement

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Ruggieri ◽  
Rodolfo F. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Mouth Opening ◽  
Crack Mouth Opening Displacement ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Fracture Test ◽  
Single Edge ◽  
Opening Displacement ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Single Edge Notch ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Edge Notch

This work addresses the development of wide range compliance solutions for tensile-loaded and bend specimens based on CMOD. The study covers selected standard and non-standard fracture test specimens, including the compact tension C(T) configuration, the single edge notch tension SE(T) specimen with fixed-grip loading (clamped ends) and the single edge notch bend SE(B) geometry with varying specimen spam over width ratio and loaded under 3-point and 4-point flexural configuration. Very detailed elastic finite element analysis in 2-D setting are conducted on fracture models with varying crack sizes to generate the evolution of load with displacement for those configurations from which the dependence of specimen compliance on crack length, specimen geometry and loading mode is determined. The extensive numerical analyses conducted here provide a larger set of solutions upon which more accurate experimental evaluations of crack size changes in fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth testing can be made.

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