Mastication of Rubber. I. Mechanism of Plasticizing by Cold Mastication

1953 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 386-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pike ◽  
W. F. Watson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Large Surface Area ◽  
Essential Difference ◽  
High Shearing

Abstract The process of cold mastication has been rationalized in terms of recognized chemical reactions, and its essential difference from the hot mastication process has been demonstrated. Many apparently unrelated phenomena occurring on cold mastication, as, for example, are collected in a recent survey, can be interpreted as specific manifestations of the general scheme now presented. A clearer understanding of the basic function of the masticator is relevant to the design of such machines, i.e., the provision of high shearing forces for low-temperature chain rupture and the exposure of large surface area for high-temperature autoxidative breakdown. No acceleration of cold plasticization by added compounds is normally obtainable under the shear conditions of the Banbury mixer, but may be encountered under more efficient shear and in oxygen-deficient conditions. Cold mastication is revealed as a versatile method for producing rubbers of a wide variety of physical properties, i.e., softer (linear degraded) rubbers, harder and soluble (branched or cross-linked) rubbers, and insoluble (cross-linked) rubbers.

SOMERS LTA COPPER

Alloy Digest ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Copper Foil ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Dielectric Substrates ◽  
Printed Circuits

Abstract SOMERS LTA Copper is a wrought copper foil that can be annealed at 350 F in 15 minutes to the full-soft condition; its use simplifies the manufacture of printed circuits (LTA = Low-Temperature Annealable). LTA Copper is especially useful for foil weights up to and including one ounce per square foot (0.0014-inch thick) for laminating to high-temperature dielectric substrates. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity as well as fatigue. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Cu-407. Producer or source: Olin Corporation.

CHRO-MOW

Alloy Digest ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Hot Work Steel ◽  
Crucible Steel ◽  
Red Hardness

Abstract CHRO-MOW is a tough hot work steel which will harden from a relatively low temperature in air. It possesses a desirable combination of toughness and red-hardness. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-67. Producer or source: Crucible Steel Company of America.

NICLOY 5

Alloy Digest ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Ferritic Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract NICLOY 5 is a low carbon, nickel ferritic steel reecommended for low temperature service. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance, and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-96. Producer or source: Babcock & Wilcox Company.

Study of the pozzolanic activity and hydration products of cement pastes with addition of natural zeolites

Clay Minerals ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lilkov ◽  
O. Petrov ◽  
V. Petkova ◽  
N. Petrova ◽  
Y. Tzvetanova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pozzolanic Activity ◽  
Large Surface Area ◽  
Natural Zeolites ◽  
Hydration Products ◽  
Cement Pastes

AbstractThis paper presents results from comparative thermogravimetric, calorimetric and pozzolanic activity analyses of five natural zeolite samples from Bulgaria, Slovakia, Philippines, USA and North Korea. The zeolites actively participate in the hydration processes of cement. Their activity in the early stage of hydration is based mainly on the large surface area of the particles while, in the later stages of activation, chemical reactions occur between the products of the hydration of cement and the soluble SiO2 that is present in the bulk of the zeolites. It has been shown that in all cement pastes which contain zeolite additives, the quantity of portlandite is lower than that in pure cement paste or is even totally absent. The amounts of hydration products are greater when 30% zeolite is used than when 10% zeolite is added (excluding the sample with chabazite). The lowest pozzolanic activity is shown by chabazite, which possessed the lowest SiO2/Al2O2 ratio.

Hydrogen Generation Using the Modular Helium Reactor

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Richards ◽  
Arkal Shenoy
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Nuclear Reactor ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Hybrid Process ◽  
Thermochemical Process ◽  
Process Heat ◽  
Splitting Water

Process heat from a high-temperature nuclear reactor can be used to drive a set of chemical reactions, with the net result of splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen. For example, process heat at temperatures in the range 850°C to 950°C can drive the sulfur-iodine (SI) thermochemical process to produce hydrogen with high efficiency. Electricity can also be used to split water, using conventional, low-temperature electrolysis (LTE). An example of a hybrid process is high-temperature electrolysis (HTE), in which process heat is used to generate steam, which is then supplied to an electrolyzer to generate hydrogen. In this paper we investigate the coupling of the Modular Helium Reactor (MHR) to the SI process and HTE. These concepts are referred to as the H2-MHR. Optimization of the MHR core design to produce higher coolant outlet temperatures is also discussed.

Low-temperature synthesis of δ-MnO2 with large surface area and its capacitance

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (16) ◽  
pp. 1763-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Zhu ◽  
Hongjuan Li ◽  
Lingjuan Deng ◽  
Zong-Huai Liu
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Large Surface Area ◽  
Low Temperature Synthesis ◽  
Temperature Synthesis

CHROMIUM COPPER-999

Alloy Digest ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
High Temperature Solution ◽  
Temperature Solution ◽  
Precipitation Heat

Abstract Chromium Copper-999 is a copper-chromium-silicon alloy which is softened by a high-temperature solution anneal and quench, and will acquire improved properties with a low-temperature precipitation heat treatment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and creep. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-10. Producer or source: American Brass Company.

WC-Ta-10W

Alloy Digest ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Structural Applications

Abstract WC Ta-10W is a tantalum-base alloy having a combination of low-temperature ductility and fabricability in both the recrystalilzed and wrought conditions, as well as excellent weld ductility. Developed originally for structural applications at elevated temperatures, it is now available in a complete line of aerospace hardware. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness and creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Ta-1. Producer or source: Teledyne Wah Chang Albany.

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