scholarly journals Maternity rituals of old believers of the Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Zaicovschi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Family Rituals ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Republic

The family rituals of the Old Believers of the Republic of Moldova remain poorly studied. This is especially true of maternity rituals. In comparison with other rituals of the life cycle – wedding and funeral-memorial, – the maternity rituals are relatively weakly expressed outwardly. The maternity rituals are divided into several periods: prenatal, birth and postnatal. In accordance with this, the author compiled a special questionnaire for conducting extended interviews with informants from villages with a compact population of Lipovans (primarily Kunicha, Pokrovka, Egorovka, Staraya Dobrudzha), as well as with those who live in cities, including Chisinau, where there are a large number of Old Believers. In our opinion, there is a need to analyze the differences in family rituals, including childbirth, in different localities. But this issue requires further study. This article presents some preliminary results of the study.

FAMILY OF MORDOVIAN POPULATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN: the Dynamics of Ethnic Development in the XX – the Beginning of the XXI Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-39
Author(s):  
Galina A. Kornishina
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Family Rituals ◽  
Life Activity ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
The One ◽  
Further Development

Introduction. The structure of the family, its livelihoods and in modern conditions retains its ethnic specificity, it still remains the cell of the reproduction of the ethnos, the carrier and successor of its cultural and everyday traditions. In this regard, family research is important for understanding modern national processes that occur in various regions of our country. Research methods. The comparative-historical method was used as the main one, which allowed revealing strata of various historical epochs in the life activity of the Mordovian family of the studied region, determining the stages of formation and further development of its structure-forming components. The method of processing statistical sources was also applied, which is now widely used in ethnology. Results. On the basis of the analyzed statistical material and scientific literature, the article traced the dynamics of quantitative changes that occurred in the family structure of the Mordovian population of the Republic of Tatarstan during the 20th and early 21st centuries, as well as the trends in the evolution of family rituals. This made it possible, on the one hand, to reveal the regional characteristics of these processes, and on the other, their commonality with similar phenomena among the Mordovian population of the neighboring regions. Discussion and conclusion. As a result of the study, it was revealed that at present the underlying factors of the ethnic development of the family of the Mordovian population of the Republic of Tatarstan were simplification of its demographic characteristics, as well as family rituals, the main functions of which were not sacral manifestations, but emotional, psychological and regulatory. These phenomena are basically similar to those occurring among other territorial groups of the Mordovian people.

Slaughterhouse survey of cystic echinococcosis in cattle and sheep from the Republic of Moldova

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Chihai ◽  
G. Umhang ◽  
D. Erhan ◽  
F. Boué ◽  
N. Tălămbuţă ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Private Households ◽  
Farm Type ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThe Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm is responsible for cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. The life cycle of the parasite is mainly domestic and takes place between dogs and livestock species. A slaughterhouse survey was conducted in 2012 in the Republic of Moldova in order to estimate the prevalence of CE. A total of 1525 cattle, 5580 sheep and 12,700 pigs were surveyed. No CE infection was observed in pigs, while prevalence was estimated at 59.3% in cattle and 61.9% in sheep. Infection was significantly higher in animals raised in private households than in those from collective farms. The frequency of infection increased with age in both species. In cattle and in sheep, infection of both the liver and lungs was the most common, while infection in the lungs only was much less frequent. Farm type appears to be an important factor in CE infection in Moldova, due to the extensive farming and the home-slaughtering undertaken in the majority private sector, despite a high prevalence of CE also recorded in the public sector. The low fertility of cysts in cattle (1.1%) compared to sheep (47.6%) confirmed the maintenance of E. granulosussensu stricto in a dog–sheep life cycle which excludes cattle. Further studies are needed to obtain a complete overview of the parasite's epidemiology in its intermediate and definitive hosts, in order to implement control and preventive measures, with specific attention given to farms in the private sector.

scholarly journals The prenatal period and related prohibitions and prescriptions among the Old Believers of the Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Zaicovscaia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Wire Rope ◽  
Unborn Child ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Evil Eye ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Animal Hair ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City

The author presents some results of her research of the indicated period, which was carried out on the basis of a specially compiled questionnaire in places of compact residence of Lipovans in such villages as Kunicha, Egorovka, etc., as well as in the city of Chisinau. There are a number of preventive actions and prohibitions aimed at ensuring the health and strength of the woman in labor and her baby. Often they are based on common sense, on pragmatics, but not always the informants could explain the reasons for certain prohibitions. A pregnant woman was prohibited from doing, for example, the following actions: sewing; stepping over a long (wire, rope) or sharp object; contacting with animal hair (dogs, cats, etc.); touching her own body when frightened (for example, during a fire); looking at the deceased through the window, etc. According to the testimony of informants, much attention was paid to protecting the woman in labor from the „evil eye”. And if this happened, then they were treated with prayers and herbs. There were also signs by which they tried to guess the sex of the unborn child. Before giving birth, a woman usually confesses to her spiritual father.

scholarly journals A Local Midwife or a Doctor? Two Systems of Knowledge in Birthing Practices of Russian Old Believers

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 169-190
Author(s):  
Natalia Dushakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Birth Attendant ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Maternity Hospitals ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Complex Relationships ◽  
Birthing Practices

The article explores complex relationships between traditional midwifery and medical institutions as two legitimate knowledge systems in the communities of Russian Old Believers in the Republic of Moldova and in Romania. It is aimed at discussing beliefs and practices around giving birth with the help of a local midwife from the same community, their transformation caused by the access to maternity hospitals as well as distribution of roles between a traditional birth attendant and a doctor. The article is based on oral narratives of Old Believers who used to be local midwives or gave birth to children with the help of such a specialist. The narratives were recorded by the author in 2008–2018.

Headaches in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: preliminary results of a national survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Oxana Grosu ◽  
◽  
Stela Odobescu ◽  
Lilia Rotaru ◽  
Galina Corcea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Current Topic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Persistent Headache ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
A Current

Headache in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is a current topic, being divided into pre-infection headache, headache attributed to COVID-19 infection and post-COVID-19 headaches. The aim of the research was to analyze the peculiarities of the evolution and treatment of headache during the COVID-19 pandemic in the cohort of patients from the Republic of Moldova. The study was an online survey. People with COVID-19 infection and headaches were asked to complete a structured, validated and approved questionnaire, which included questions on: demographics, comorbidities, clinical signs of COVID-19 infection, headache before, during and after COVID-19 infection, screening for anxiety, depression and sleep disorders. The data collected for 3 months from the launch are presented (January - March 2021). The study showed that half (58.3%) of the respondents had different forms of headache before COVID-19 infection. During the infection period - 91% of the respondents had bouts of headache attributed to COVID-19, which were of high intensity, holocranial localization, being associated with such signs as vertigo, nausea, peripheral vegetative signs, pronounced asthenia (80%) and pain with another location (85.5%). Persistent headache after COVID-19 was reported by 62.7% of respondents, it being severe for 16.7% of them. Preliminary results show that headache during COVID-19 is prevalent and persists after COVID-19 causing disability and increased costs. Further studies are needed to validate these results.

scholarly journals Maternity and baptismal rites of the Lipovans of the Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Tatiana Zaicovschi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rites Of Passage ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The World ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In this article, based on interviews with informants from settlements of the Republic of Moldova with a compact residence of Old Believers (Lipovans), the features of the maternity and baptismal rituals in their environment are presented. The maternity and baptismal cycle contains a number of successive stages, including the customs and rituals that precede childbirth, the birth itself, as well as the subsequent stages associated with purification and socialization. The origins of the belief about the contradictory character of the female nature, inherent in ancient views of the world, originate in the concept of her duality, which is associated with the rites of passage. In order to prevent the influence of the otherworldly sphere, traditional culture prescribes a woman to observe the prohibitions associated with ritual impurity. Along with this, there are also regulations designed to protect the mother and child from manifestations of evil forces. The article describes the prohibitions and prescriptions for a pregnant and giving birth woman, the relationship of the latter with a midwife, the peculiarities of the choice of godparents among the Old Believers. The customs and ceremonies associated with the birth of a child are aimed at: 1) preserving the life and health of the woman in labor and of the baby, 2) eliminating the danger of the transition period. The author reveals the attitude of the respondents to popular beliefs.

scholarly journals Everyday Interactions of Old Believers with Adherents of Different Faiths: Current Prohibitions and Prescriptions in Texts and Practices

2018 ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Natalia Dushakova
Keyword(s):  
Sociocultural Context ◽  
Old Believers ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Empirical Basis ◽  
Verbal Rules ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Real Practice ◽  
Everyday Communication ◽  
The Way

The article analyzes verbal rules regulating everyday communication of the Old Believers with adherents of new-style Orthodoxy (often called Nikonians) and Jews as well as the way these rules are being put into practice. The author pays attention to personal interpretations of motivating prescriptions and explanations of the necessity to violate the norms in different situations. The empirical basis of the research includes interviews recorded in 2010–2017 in the communities of the Old Believers in the Republic of Moldova, including Transnistria. Field materials demonstrate that a lot of instructions only function in the form of knowledge about the rules, not necessarily followed by real practice. At the same time communities constantly elaborate ways of mitigating the rules, eliminating the consequences of their violation up to changing the rules, adapting them to the sociocultural context.

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