Long working hours and use of psychotropic medicine: a follow-up study with register linkage

There is a plausible association between shift work and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which may be due to disruption of the circadian rhythm causing hormonal changes and metabolic disturbances, resulting in high blood pressure, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and being overweight. However, few studies have investigated the association between several consecutive long work shifts, including night shifts, and risk factors for developing CVD. Moreover, knowledge is lacking on factors that may modify or enhance this suggested relationship. The study period is planned from the third quarter of 2018 to the fourth quarter of 2021, and will involve 125 industrial employees at two Norwegian enterprises producing insulation. The work schedule is either rotating shiftwork (morning, evening, night) or regular day work. At baseline, we will measure blood parameters, including markers of inflammation, lipids, and glycosylated hemoglobin. We will also collect measures of blood pressure, resting heart rate, arterial stiffness, carotid intima-media thickness, and aerobic fitness. At the end of baseline data collection, a subgroup will undergo a supervised high-intensity interval training intervention for eight weeks, initiated by the Occupational Health Service. At one-year follow-up, we repeat baseline measures with added measures of heart rate variability and additional five weeks monitoring of sleep and physical activity, and assessment of respirable dust. At the two year follow-up, we will measure CVD risk factors before and after a planned three-month shutdown in one of the studied plants. We will also assess respirable dust, monitor sleep, and compile a one-year retrospective detailed overview of working hours. A final data collection, similar to the one at baseline, will be carried out after three years. We will use a comprehensive set of methods to identify the effects of shift work with long working hours and night shifts on cardiovascular health. This will provide new knowledge on the association between early manifestations of CVD and occupational exposure to shift work. Further, we can study whether work organization such as extensive overtime, sleep loss, and dust exposure have detrimental effects, and if a three-month cease in shift work or increased physical activity will modify early manifestations of CVD.

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A physical fitness programme during paid working hours – impact on health and work ability among women working in the social service sector: A three year follow up study

Work ◽

10.3233/wor-2009-0932 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 339-344 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Eva Vingård ◽

Vanja Blomkvist ◽

Andreas Rosenblad ◽

Per Lindberg ◽

Margaretha Voss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Fitness ◽

Social Service ◽

Work Ability ◽

Service Sector ◽

Working Hours ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

The Social ◽

Social Service Sector

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Long working hours and change in body weight: analysis of individual-participant data from 19 cohort studies

International Journal of Obesity ◽

10.1038/s41366-019-0480-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 1368-1375 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marianna Virtanen ◽

Markus Jokela ◽

Tea Lallukka ◽

Linda Magnusson Hanson ◽

Jaana Pentti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Cohort Studies ◽

Working Hours ◽

Excess Risk ◽

Adjusted Relative Risk ◽

Individual Participant Data ◽

Long Working Hours ◽

Individual Participant ◽

Part Time

Abstract Objective To examine the relation between long working hours and change in body mass index (BMI). Methods We performed random effects meta-analyses using individual-participant data from 19 cohort studies from Europe, US and Australia (n = 122,078), with a mean of 4.4-year follow-up. Working hours were measured at baseline and categorised as part time (<35 h/week), standard weekly hours (35–40 h, reference), 41–48 h, 49–54 h and ≥55 h/week (long working hours). There were four outcomes at follow-up: (1) overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) or (2) overweight (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2) among participants without overweight/obesity at baseline; (3) obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) among participants with overweight at baseline, and (4) weight loss among participants with obesity at baseline. Results Of the 61,143 participants without overweight/obesity at baseline, 20.2% had overweight/obesity at follow-up. Compared with standard weekly working hours, the age-, sex- and socioeconomic status-adjusted relative risk (RR) of overweight/obesity was 0.95 (95% CI 0.90–1.00) for part-time work, 1.07 (1.02–1.12) for 41–48 weekly working hours, 1.09 (1.03–1.16) for 49–54 h and 1.17 (1.08–1.27) for long working hours (P for trend <0.0001). The findings were similar after multivariable adjustment and in subgroup analyses. Long working hours were associated with an excess risk of shift from normal weight to overweight rather than from overweight to obesity. Long working hours were not associated with weight loss among participants with obesity. Conclusions This analysis of large individual-participant data suggests a small excess risk of overweight among the healthy-weight people who work long hours.

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The role and tasks of preschool institutions in population policy of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina - Ten Years later

Zbornik Matice srpske za drustvene nauke ◽

10.2298/zmsdn1867381g ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 381-393

Author(s):

Ana Gavrilovic

Keyword(s):

Population Policy ◽

Working Hours ◽

Public Institutions ◽

Raising Children ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Follow Up Study ◽

Scientific Principles ◽

Autonomous Province

Researches in population policy evolution carried out in our country showed that there were oscillations in its development, it was not consistent and based on recognized scientific principles, and most of all its measures were not of long term duration. At the end of the twentieth century the population policy gained in importance by the establishment of certain organs of the highest level of authority as well as by introducing measures which took into consideration the needs of parents for the encouragement of giving birth and even more the support in raising children. In that context, public institutions for children were recognized as important carriers of population policy which aims were: the lower economic parental costs, the better functioning of the institutional system, the better use of all resources in its domain, and changes for the better in all aspects of life. The preschool institutions played the significant role in this. Ten years ago in Vojvodina a research about the preschool institutions in Vojvodina was conducted taking into consideration elements relevant to the population policy - the number of these institutions, their capacities and network, human resources, forms of activity, working hours, the inclusion of children, waiting period for enrolment in nurseries and kindergartens, plans for the increase in number of children and the capacities of child care centres, and the way of identifying the needs for different forms of activity and services. The aim of this paper is to present the results of the follow-up study of the identical research conducted ten years after the first one. The results show that changes are slow and that great opportunities of preschool institutions in population policy are not considered to an adequate degree by competent authorities.

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