scholarly journals Emulsion Breaking of Used Cutting Fluid by Electrocoagulation Method to Decrease Water Pollution

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
Laith Hamzah Thuaban ◽  
Hiba Mahmmuod Yas ◽  
Faris muoayad Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Aluminum Metal ◽  
Fluid Concentration ◽  
Breaking Time ◽  
Emulsion Concentration ◽  
Petroleum Oil ◽  
Oil Type

   Cutting fluids are liquids having different compositions that are used in metal possessing operations. After being used, the fluids became less effective and need to be changed. In this research the treatment of petroleum oil emulsion type cutting fluid has been carried out using electrocoagulation technology to decrease its environmental impact on water resources. Cutting oil type 7201 produced in (Al-daura) refinery has been treated at different concentrations (1, 2, 3 and 4%) by weight to study the effect of the cutting fluid concentration on the time needed for emulsion breaking. The effect of other parameters such as electrical voltage (by using 40, 50 and 60 volt), aluminum metal electrodes' surface area (by using 4 and 6 cm²) and  the effect of added NaCl salt concentrations (by using 0.2, 0.27 and 0.33% by weight) on the emulsion breaking time has been studied. It has been found that there is an optimum voltage for each emulsion concentration and the emulsion breaking time increase with the increase of the cutting fluid concentration and it decrease with the increase of the electrode surface area and the salt concentration.

Tool Life Analysis when Turning Ti-6Al-4V Using Vegetable Oil-Based Cutting Fluid

2017 ◽  
Vol 882 ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Salah Gariani ◽  
Islam Shyha ◽  
Connor Jackson ◽  
Fawad Inam
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Flank Wear ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Tool Flank Wear ◽  
Fluid Concentration

This paper details experimental results when turning Ti-6Al-4V using water-miscible vegetable oil-based cutting fluid. The effects of coolant concentration and working conditions on tool flank wear and tool life were evaluated. L27 fractional factorial Taguchi array was employed. Tool wear (VBB) ranged between 28.8 and 110 µm. The study concluded that a combination of VOs based cutting fluid concentration (10%), low cutting speed (58 m/min), feed rate (0.1mm/rev) and depth of cut (0.75mm) is necessary to minimise VBB. Additionally, it is noted that tool wear was significantly affected by cutting speeds. ANOVA results showed that the cutting fluid concentration is statistically insignificant on tool flank wear. A notable increase in tool life (TL) was recorded when a lower cutting speed was used.

Surface Area of Lithium-Metal Electrodes Measured by Argon Adsorption

2019 ◽  
Vol 166 (14) ◽  
pp. A3250-A3253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rochelle Weber ◽  
Ju-Hsiang Cheng ◽  
A. J. Louli ◽  
Matthew Coon ◽  
Sunny Hy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Lithium Metal ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
Argon Adsorption

Development of Ultrahigh Surface Area Porous Electrodes using Simultaneous and Sequential Meso- and Micro-structuring Methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franchessa Maddox ◽  
Catherine Cook ◽  
Leigh McKenzie ◽  
Brenda O'Neil ◽  
Elizabeth A. Junkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Porous Electrodes ◽  
Nickel Surface ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
Micro Structuring ◽  
Nanostructured Metal

ABSTRACTVery high surface area nanostructured metal electrodes are of interest as efficient current collectors. For thin film devices, the nanostructured metal can be grown in place using electrodeposition or electroless deposition. For larger devices metal electrodes structured at more than one length scale are desirable. Self-assembling surfactant templates are a versatile method of generating a range of nanostructures. As we report here, electrodeposition of nickel, cobalt and copper from liquid crystalline solutions of Triton X-100 produces a number of nanostructures, with significant surface area increases. Electrodeposition into templates with microstructure has proven more demanding. Oil-in-water Microemulsions of Tween surfactants and soy oil, produce micrometer scale structures, however measured nickel surface area does not scale with sample thickness. The method is also not robust, and was found to give microstructures only for nickel and cobalt. Experiments show that under our conditions a combination of nickel metal, nickel acetate and nickel/detergent microstructures are formed.

Effect of fluid concentration in titanium machining with an atomization-based cutting fluid (ACF) spray system

2013 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandra Nath ◽  
Shiv G. Kapoor ◽  
Anil K. Srivastava ◽  
Jon Iverson
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Titanium Machining ◽  
Fluid Concentration

scholarly journals Synchronous fluorescence spectra of water contaminated by dispersed crude oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Baszanowska ◽  
Zbigniew Otremba
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Synchronous Fluorescence ◽  
Mining Equipment ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Synchronous Fluorescence Spectra ◽  
Emulsion Concentration ◽  
Petroleum Extraction

The development of petroleum extraction and transport technology does not ensure complete isolation of these substances from the natural environment. This problem is exacerbated by the location of mining equipment on the sea shelf and the fact that numerous submarine pipelines, tankers and handling terminals can also emit oil pollution. Therefore, the possibility of detecting oil dispersed in the water is particularly important. This paper reports the efforts to identify methods of characterization of the water containing the crude oil emulsion in a very low concentration (a few to several tens of ppm). Due to this, the effect of emulsion concentration on the possibility of its objective characterization using synchronous fluorescence spectra was studied. The similarity of spectra at various oil concentrations was analysed. It has been shown that the stabilization of the shape of synchronous fluorescence spectra occurs at relatively low oil concentrations.

INHIBITION OF CORROSION OF ALUMINUM AND OTHER METALS IN SODA ASH SOLUTIONS

1943 ◽  
Vol 21b (2) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. J. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Sodium Silicate ◽  
Salt Mixture ◽  
Efficient Inhibitor ◽  
Aluminum Metal ◽  
Inhibitive Action ◽  
Soda Ash ◽  
Sodium Fluosilicate

Some previously reported curves showing the rate of attack on commercial [Formula: see text] aluminum by [Formula: see text] (by weight) aqueous solutions of various salt–soda-ash mixtures were confirmed. The inhibitive action of various commercial silicates, sodium fluosilicate, and certain other salts in dilute soda ash solutions was determined with aluminum, duralumin, copper, tin plate, and galvanized iron. Of all the salts tested, sodium fluosilicate was found to be the most efficient inhibitor of attack on aluminum. At inhibition in 0.5% aqueous solutions of the sodium-silicate–soda-ash mixtures at 60 °C. the ratio SiO2:Na2CO3 and the ratio of silica to surface area of aluminum metal were both roughly constant with all the sodium silicates studied. With sodium fluosilicate, these same ratios are maintained when calculated on the basis of SiF4. Increasing the temperature of solution above about 80 °C. appears to increase these inhibition ratios, but the ratios hold at higher concentrations of the aqueous solution of the soda-ash–salt mixture than the 0.5% studied in detail.

The Influence of Cutting Fluid Concentration on Surface Integrity of VP80 Steel and the Influence of Cutting Fluid Flow Rate on Surface Roughness of VPATLAS Steel After Grinding

2017 ◽  
Vol 139 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Lima de Paiva ◽  
Rosemar Batista da Silva ◽  
Mark J. Jackson ◽  
Alexandre Mendes Abrão
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Surface Integrity ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Fluid Concentration ◽  
Grinding Conditions ◽  
Temperature Levels ◽  
Grinding Operations

The application of cutting fluid in grinding operations is crucial to control temperature levels and prevent thermal damage to the workpiece. Water-based (emulsions and solutions) coolants are used in grinding operations owing to their excellent cooling capability and relatively lower cost compared to neat oils. However, the cutting fluid efficiency is not only dependent on its type, but also on other parameters including its concentration and flow rate. In this context, this work aims to analyze the influence of the coolant concentration and flow rate on the grinding process. Two different workpiece materials for the production of plastic injection moulds were machined: VP80 and VPATLAS steel grades. Six grinding conditions (combinations of depth of cut values of 5, 15, and 25 μm with coolant concentration of 3% and 8%, respectively) were employed in the former, while two grinding conditions were used for the latter. The output parameter used to assess the influence of coolant concentration and flow rate on the grinding operation focused on the integrity of the workpiece materials (surface roughness and microhardness below the ground surface). The results showed that the surface integrity of VP80 after grinding was more sensitive to depth of cut than to cutting fluid concentration. Furthermore, the highest coolant concentration outperformed the lowest one when grinding under more severe conditions. With regard VPATLAS steel, no influence of the coolant flow rate on surface roughness was observed.

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