scholarly journals Assessment of Irrigation Water Quality in District Attock, Pakistan

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yunas ◽  
Sarfraz Ahmad ◽  
Bashir Ahmad ◽  
Obaid ur Rehman ◽  
Sher Afzal
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Residual Sodium Carbonate ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Purpose ◽  
Maximum Range

Water samples (total 277) were collected during previous three years (2008-09 to 2010-11) from all tehsils of Attock district, Pakistan, used for irrigation purpose. Regarding sources of irrigation, 122 samples were collected from bores (turbine operated), 97 from wells, 19 from nullahs and 39 from dams. The analysis data showed that 120 samples (43%) were fit, 35 samples (13%) were marginally fit, while 122 samples (44%) were unfit. As regards minimum and maximum range, it varied in EC from 0.05 to 8.1 dS/m, calcium plus magnesium from 0.6 to 70 meq/L, sodium from zero to 40.6 meq/L, carbonates from zero to 0.04 meq/L, bicarbonates from 0.5 to 15 meq/L, chlorides from 0.2 to 70 meq/L, sodium adsorption ratio from zero to 49.85 and residual sodium carbonate from zero to 13 meq/L. Recommendations for wise and judicious use of marginally fit to unfit irrigation water were imparted to the farmers for raising different arable, fruit and vegetable crops. 

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality Assessment for Irrigation: Case Study in the Blinaja River Basin, Kosovo

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1515-1528
Author(s):  
Hazir S. Çadraku
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Kelly’S Ratio

Groundwater is an important source for a drink and irrigation in the Blinaja river basin. Understanding knowledge of irrigation water quality is critical to the management of water for long-term productivity. Historically for this study area there is no data and information regarding the quality and use of water for irrigation needs. Therefore, there was a need to assess water quality based on data analysed from eight sampling points. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate, relying on analytical results, the quality of groundwater in the Blinaja river basin for the purpose of its use for irrigation of agricultural crops. For this purpose, in the Blinaja River Basin in different months during 2015, 2016, 2018 and 2019, 28 water samples were taken to assess the quality of groundwater for irrigation. Water samples were analysed in a laboratory for some of the key quality indicators; pH, EC, hardness (TH), Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, SO4, Cl, etc. and then irrigation water quality indices were calculated such as: percentage of Na (% Na), SAR (Sodium Adsorption Ratio), PI (Permeability index), KR (Kelly's ratio), etc. The overall objective of this study was to assess the quality of water to be used by the inhabitants of the area for irrigation of agricultural crops. Analytical procedures for the laboratory determinations of water quality have been given in several publications (USDA Handbook 60 by Richards, 1954; FAO Soils Bulletin 10 by Dewis and Freitas1970; APHA 2005). Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091740 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals Assessment of irrigation water quality of Bogra District in Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
MS Islam ◽  
SZKM Shamsad
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Kelly’S Ratio ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

Some important physio-chemical parameters of surface and groundwater of Bogra District were evaluated for the criteria of irrigation water quality. Forty four water samples were collected in the peak dry season (December-April) from different areas of Bogra District. The study revealed that temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), soluble sodium percentage (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), total hardness (Ht) and Kelly’s ratio of waters were found within the permissible limits for irrigation purposes. Any initiative for surface and groundwater development for planned irrigation practices is highly encouraged. Key Words: Irrigation water (surface and groundwater); quality; Bogra District. DOI: 10.3329/bjar.v34i4.5836Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 34(4) : 597-608, December 2009

scholarly journals Assessment of irrigation water quality at the territory of Vojvodina Province (Serbia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-101
Author(s):  
Stanko Milic ◽  
Dusana Banjac ◽  
Jovica Vasin ◽  
Jordana Ninkov ◽  
Borivoj Pejic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Quality Of Irrigation Water ◽  
Vojvodina Province

Intensive crop cultivation systems require continuous monitoring of irrigation water quality as well as the control of physical and chemical soil properties. In view of the ongoing climate change and a dramatic decrease in soil organic matter content, the use of low quality irrigation water and its adverse effects on soil, cultivated plants and irrigation equipment must not be overlooked. The aim of this paper was to evaluate general quality of irrigation water from the different water intake sources in the Vojvodina Province. The paper presents the results of irrigation water quality, collected during 2018 and 2019. The research included 140 irrigation water samples obtained from three different intake structures which collect water from wells, canals or reservoirs. Water quality was assessed using the following parameters: pH value, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), ionic balance, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) value. Water quality diagram given by the US Salinity Laboratory (USSL) and FAO guidelines for interpretation water quality for irrigation was used. Additionally, the Nejgebauer classification for irrigation water, developed specifically for the area of Vojvodina, was used as a third classification. Based on the results of mineralization of the irrigation water, the following values of the observed parameters were determined: average pH of the analyzed water samples were 7.89, ranged from 7.14 to 9.01, while electrical conductivity values ranged from 0.10 to 3.50 dS/m, with an average of 0.85 dS/m. TDS analysis resulted in a wide range of values, from 112 mg/l to 2,384 mg/l, with an average of 529,22 mg/l. SAR values varied between 0.04-16.52 with a satisfactory average of 1.97. The USSL water classification produced similar results as FAO classification and RSC index <0, indicating that 57% of investigating samples are without concerns for irrigation use, whereas Nejgebauers classification and RSC index 0-1.25 show that over 75% of analyzed samples are suitable and safe for irrigation and soil properties. Since the quality of irrigation water significantly affects plant productivity, as it determines the chemical and physical properties of agricultural land, monitoring of water quality for irrigation is of high importance.

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Assessment of Groundwater around Lapite Dumpsite for Irrigation Water Quality in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Oluwatoyin Opeyemi Akintola ◽  
Gabriel Oladapo Adeyemi ◽  
Adewunmi Idayat Bodede ◽  
Oluwatoyin Adekoya ◽  
Kehinde O. Babatunde
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Magnesium Content ◽  
Resource Assessment ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Impact

Due to the increase in population and industrialization growth, most countries in the world depend on groundwater to meet agriculture demands for food production. The increase in water contamination due to indiscriminate solid wastes has necessitated the assessment of water quality and its suitability for agricultural usage. Twenty four groundwater and ten stream water samples were randomly collected from the downslope and upslope side of the dumpsite for all the major physio-chemical parameters. The pH of water samples indicates slightly acidic to alkaline in nature. High concentrations of nitrate, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity suggest the impact of the waste on the water resource. Assessment of irrigation water quality based on Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Permeability Index (PI) and Magnesium content (MC) indicated that most of the water samples fall within the permissible standard for irrigation water. Thus, the water should be used with caution on crops for long time agricultural sustainability.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Groundwater Suitability for Irrigation in the Lambussie-Karni District of Ghana

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
Asare Asante-Annor ◽  
P. N. Bewil ◽  
D. Boateng
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Sodium Adsorption Ratio ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Permeability Index ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Groundwater Suitability ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality Index

The populace of the Lambussie-Karni District are mainly farmers who have resorted to the use of groundwater for irrigation during the dry season because of long drought and inadequate surface water bodies. The temporal variation of the groundwater quality for irrigation in the District was assessed using sixteen boreholes. Richard Plot indicates that groundwater in the study area is within the low salinity to low sodium hazard and medium salinity to low sodium hazard class. Wilcox Plot shows groundwater to be within excellent to good class in the catchment. Irrigation water quality index (IWQI) map was also developed to determine precisely the degree and areal extent of groundwater suitability for irrigation. ArcGIS 10.1 was used to generate thematic maps for sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), permeability index (PI), sodium percentage (Na %), HCO3-, pH and electrical conductivity. The results were compared to Food and Agricultural Organisations (FAO) standard guidelines. An IQWI map for the Lambussie- Karni District shows that groundwater is generally suitable for irrigation, about 24.57 % of the district will require crops which can tolerate high amount of salts. A percentage (39.82 %) of the catchment has groundwater, which is highly suitable for crops which are least resistant to salt. Keywords: Groundwater Suitability; Irrigation Water Quality; SAR; IWQI Map; Lambussie-Karni District

scholarly journals Hydrochemical Evaluation of Surface and Groundwater in Khan Al-Baghdadi Area, Al- Anbar Province / West of Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 1978-1993
Author(s):  
Sarmad Jamal Hussien ◽  
Firas Mudhafar Abdulhussein
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Permissible Limits ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Surface Water Samples ◽  
Surface And Groundwater

The hydrochemical study of the surface and groundwater in Khan AL-Baghdadi  area  included interpretation of physical, chemical and biological properties of 14 wells and 6  surface water samples collected from Euphrates River.. The study covered two periods representing dry and wet periods in October 2018 and April 2019, respectively. The surface water samples were characterized as slightly alkaline, fresh water, excessively mineralized, calcium-chloride type, and hard to very hard class. While the groundwater samples were characterized as slightly alkaline, brackish water, excessively mineralized, calcium-chloride and sodium-chloride type, and hard to very hard class. The assessment of water for irrigation purposes for both water sources in the dry period showed a Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) of no harmful effects, while the Soluble Sodium Percentage (Na%) demonstrated a good irrigation Water Class, except for one well with a permissible irrigation Water Class. While in the wet period, all surface and groundwater samples were of a good irrigation Water Class, except for two wells with permissible irrigation Water Class. In terms of total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC), all surface water samples for the two periods were within the permissible limits of irrigation water quality, whereas groundwater samples for the two periods showed unsuitable limits, except for three wells within the permissible limits of irrigation water quality. The microbiological tests showed that all samples  of surface and groundwater are classified as clean.

scholarly journals Application of Irrigation Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Statistical Techniques for Surface Water Quality Assessments in the Northern Nile Delta, Egypt

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3300
Author(s):  
Salah Elsayed ◽  
Hend Hussein ◽  
Farahat S. Moghanm ◽  
Khaled M. Khedher ◽  
Ebrahem M. Eid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Water Quality Indices ◽  
Surface Water Samples

Under sustainable development conditions, the water quality of irrigation systems is a complex issue which involves the combined effects of several surface water management parameters. Therefore, this work aims to enhance the surface water quality assessment and geochemical controlling mechanisms and to assess the validation of surface water networks for irrigation using six Water Quality Indices (WQIs) supported by multivariate modelling techniques, such as Principal Component Regression (PCR), Support Vector Machine Regression (SVMR) and Stepwise Multiple Linear Regression (SMLR). A total of 110 surface water samples from a network of surface water cannels during the summers of 2018 and 2019 were collected for this research and standard analytical techniques were used to measure 21 physical and chemical parameters. The physicochemical properties revealed that the major ions concentrations were reported in the following order: Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ and alkalinity > SO42− > Cl− > NO3− > F−. The trace elements concentrations were reported in the following order: Fe > Mn > B > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cu > Zn > Cd. The surface water belongs to the Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3− and Ca2+-Mg2+-Cl−-SO42− water types, under a stress of silicate weathering and reverse ion exchange process. The computation of WQI values across two years revealed that 82% of samples represent a high class and the remaining 18% constitute a medium class of water quality for irrigation use with respect to the Irrigation Water Quality (IWQ) value, while the Sodium Percentage (Na%) values across two years indicated that 96% of samples fell into in a healthy class and 4% fell into in a permissible class for irrigation. In addition, the Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Permeability Index (PI), Kelley Index (KI) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) values revealed that all surface water samples were appropriate for irrigation use. The PCR and SVMR indicated accurate and robust models that predict the six WQIs in both datasets of the calibration (Cal.) and validation (Val.), with R2 values varying from 0.48 to 0.99. The SMLR presented estimated the six WQIs well, with an R2 value that ranged from 0.66 to 0.99. In conclusion, WQIs and multivariate statistical analyses are effective and applicable for assessing the surface water quality. The PCR, SVMR and SMLR models provided robust and reliable estimates of the different indices and showed the highest R2 and the highest slopes values close to 1.00, as well as minimum values of RMSE in all models.

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