scholarly journals Morpho-molecular characterization of Bipolaris and Exserohilum spp. infecting various agricultural crops

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-117
Author(s):  
Seema Singh ◽  
◽  
Sneha Sharma ◽  
Aaqib Ali ◽  
A Kandan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Similarity Matrix ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Issr Primers

The study was undertaken with major objective to differentiate fungal isolates belonging to various species of Bipolaris and Exserohilum infecting various agricultural crops. After routine isolation and purification of more than 35 attempts, 13 isolates were morphologically characterized into 8 species namely, Bipolaris cynodontis (IQBC-1 and DQBC-2), B. holmii (IQBH-1), B. micropus (IQBM-1), B. oryzae (DQBO-1, DQBO-2), B. sorghicola (DQBS-1, DQBS-2), B. tetramera (DQBT-1, DQBT-2), Exserohilum longirostrata (IQEL-1) and E. rostratum (DQER-1 and DQER-2). Molecular characterization of all the isolates using RAPD, ISSR and URP markers also revealed genetic variation. Out of 24 RAPD primers, only 9 (OPA-2, OPA-4, OPA-9, OPB-4, OPB-8, OPC-1, OPC-2, OPC-5 and OPE-5) could amplify the DNA sequence showing good polymorphism. Out of 20 ISSR primers, only 6 (ISSR 1, ISSR 13, ISSR 15, ISSR 17, ISSR 19 and ISSR 20) could show good polymorphism. Out of 13 URPs, only 5 (URP 4R, URP 6R, URP 9F, URP 13R and URP 38F) could amplify with a greater number of bands. In all the three makers, similarity matrix value using Jaccard’s coefficient ranged from 0.149 to 0.548 revealing genetic co-relation among isolates. Combined clustering of RAPD, ISSR and URP data showed relatively low genetic similarity coefficient ranging from 14.92 to 54.76 among isolates which revealed stronger co-relation among isolates. Cluster analysis based on UPGMA provided a clear resolution of relationship among all the 13 isolates belong to 6 Bipolaris and 2 Exserohilum species and confirmed the morphological characterization of the same. Further, molecular markers especially, RAPD, ISSR and URP have revolutionized the genetic analysis of plant pathogens including fungi and their application can greatly help in characterizing related genera and delineation of inter and intra-species complex of fungi.

scholarly journals Morphological characterization of natural orchids Dendrobium spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 905 (1) ◽  
pp. 012139
Author(s):  
S Hartati ◽  
Samanhudi ◽  
O Cahyono ◽  
A N Hariyadi
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Character ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Entire Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molecular Characteristic ◽  
Similarity Matrix ◽  
Quantitative Properties ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Dendrobium is characterized by long pseudobulbs or canes with soft leaves over the entire length, or in some species short or swollen pseudobulbs with two leathery leaves. The inflorescence is composed from dozens of flowers of different sizes and colors. This study aimed to identify the quantitative morphological character of five species of Dendrobium spp. namely D. mirbelianum, D. lamellatum from Java, D. anosmum from South Kalimantan, D. bracteosum from Papua, and D. purpureum from North Sumatera. The resulted dendrogram based on the similarity matrix were divided into two clusters, among the five species the value of similarity coefficient is 1.50. The first cluster is only composed from D. mirbelianum, the second cluster is D. lamellatum, D. purpureum, D. bracteosum, and D. anosmum which have more distant relationship with the other three orchids. Moreover, D. lamellatum and D. purpureum have the closest similarity coefficient with 0.81 value, which have bigger chance to use as the parents for hybridization. There are many Dendrobiums spp. distribution which based on the relationship area. In addition to quantitative properties, it also needs to be expanded to qualitative, anatomy, cytology, and also molecular characteristic to have more comprehensive data.

Characterization of Antibacterial-Producing Endophytic Fungi of Syzygiumpolyanthum Leaves

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-454
Author(s):  
Rahmita Burhamzah ◽  
Gemini Alam ◽  
Herlina Rante
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Nitrogen Base ◽  
Rdna Genes ◽  
Antibacterial Screening ◽  
Planting Method

Background: Endophytic fungi live in plants’ tissue and can produce the same bioactive compounds as its host plant produces. Syzygiumpolyanthum leaves have known to be one of the antibacterial compound producers. Aim and Objective: This study aimed to characterize morphologically, microscopically, and molecularly the antibacterial-producing endophytic fungi of Syzygiumpolyanthum leaves. Methods: The isolation of endophytic fungi was done by fragment planting method on PDA medium. The antibacterial screening was performed using the antagonistic test as the first screening followed by the disc diffusion test method. The morphological characterization was based on isolate’s mycelia color, growth pattern, margin, and surface texture of the colony, while the microscopic characterization was based on its hyphae characteristics. The molecular characterization of the isolate was done by nitrogen base sequence analysis method on nucleotide constituent of ITS rDNA genes of the isolate. Results: The results found that isolate DF1 has antibacterial activity against E.coli, S.aureus, P.acne, and P.aeruginosa, with the greatest inhibition at 10% concentration of broth fermentation extract on S.aureus with a diameter of inhibition of 13.77 mm. Conclusion: Based on macroscopic, microscopic, and molecular characterization, DF1 isolate is similar to Ceriporialacerate.

Morphological and molecular characterization of teosinte derived maize population

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarjeet Kumar ◽  
N. K. Singh ◽  
Sneha Adhikari ◽  
Anjali Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Linkage Groups ◽  
Germplasm Enhancement ◽  
Maize Germplasm ◽  
Maize Population ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Characterization

Germplasm enhancement seems to be an essential part of a breeding programme to improve resiliency, adaptability and productivity of the crops. To develop and diversify the maize germplasm, teosinte a wild relative of maize was integrated in crossing programme and BC1F4 lines were developed. Five BC1F4 lines along with teosinte and maize inbred DI-103 were characterised using quantitative characters and molecular markers. Morphological characterization was done with the help of visual parameters and quantitative traits and for molecular characterization fifty six SSR markers were used. SSR data were analysed with the help of software Mapmaker and twelve linkage groups were generated. Maximum allelic contributions from parent teosinte were found in the introgressed line AM-5 (53.4%) followed by AM-12 (48.9 %), whereas, least contribution of 34.1 % was found in AM-7. The maximum genetic distance among the introgressed lines was observed between AM-2 and AM-9 (0.75) followed by AM-2 and AM-7 (0.70), AM-7 and AM-9 (0.70). The maximum number of cob was found in AM-5 (5.00) followed by AM-2 (4.00). Grain yield per plant was found highest for AM-2 (100.00 g) followed by AM-12 (80.00 g), while, least value was observed for AM-7 (42.00 g). The results indicated differential parental contributions which leads to diversification in the progenies derived from diverse crosses in maize and further opined that such crosses seems to be essential for creating adapted germplasm to whom breeders are looking for.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of 12 Mango Germplasm Using RAPD markers

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
R. C. Jena ◽  
K. C. Samal ◽  
P. K. Chand ◽  
B. K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Pair Group

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used for the genetic variation and relationship analysis among 12 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) germplasm. Five oligonucleotide primers were employed to amplify DNA from 12 cultivars. PCR amplification with five primers generated 45 reproducible, clear and distinct bands, out of which 41 bands are considered polymorphic and the remaining four fragments (8.88%)  monomorphic. The size of amplified product ranged from 200 (RPI-5) to 3000 base pairs (RPI-1) with an average of nine bands per primer. The average polymorphism in all the 12 cultivars using the five primers was found to be 91.91%. Among all the primers RPI-2 and RPI-4 have shown 100% polymorphism while RPI-5 was found to be least polymorphism (81.81%). One specific band, namely was found with RPI-5, in a particular variety, Chiratpuri. The UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Mean) dendrogram based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient segregated the 12 mango germplasm into two clusters. Langra, Chiratpuri, Pravasankar, Alphanso, Sindhu and Kesar formed one cluster and rest six mango germplasm grouped together into another cluster. Sindhu and Alphanso cultivar pair was very close to each other with highest similarity coefficient (0.78), which was comparatively higher than all other cultivar pairs. On the other hand, Pravasankar and Neelam cultivar pair was more distinct to each other with the lowest intervarietal similarity coefficient 0.38. This study showed clearly that cultivars from Orissa unveiled maximum diversity and indicated the potential of RAPD markers for the identification of management of mango germplasm for breeding purposes.  Key words: Molecular characterization, Mango germplasm, Dversity  D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v20i1.5972 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 20(1): 91-99, 2010 (June)

scholarly journals Cultural and morphological characterization of rhizospheric isolates of fungal antagonist Trichoderma

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Sharma ◽  
U. S. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Linear Growth ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Fungal Plant Pathogens ◽  
Trichoderma Sp

The genus Trichoderma contains species that are of a great economic importance due to their ability to act as biological control agents against a large variety of fungal plant pathogens. In the present investigation thirty isolates of the Trichoderma sp. were obtained from the rhizosphere soils of different plants at different locations at Nainital, Almora, Udham Singh Nagar, Derhadun, Haridwar and Tehri Garhwal districts of Uttarakhand (India). The isolates were characterized on the basis of their cultural and morphological characteristics. The cultural characteristics included linear growth, colony colour, pigmentation and growth pattern. Morphological characteristics studied were structure, shape and arrangement of conidiophores, phialides and conidia. Out of thirty isolates, 6 isolates namely PB10, PB13, PB23, PB26, PB27 and PB28 were identified as T. virens and remaining 24 isolates as T. harzianum.

scholarly journals MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF GENE 16S rRNA MICRO SYMBIONTS IN SPONGE AT MELAWAI BEACH, EAST KALIMANTAN

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Marzuki ◽  
Alfian Noor ◽  
Nursiah La Nafie
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
East Kalimantan ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Molecular characterization studies have been conducted 16S rRNA gene micro symbiont of sponge origin Melawai Beach, Balikpapan in East Kalimantan. Objective analysis of histo- morphological research, isolation-purification, molecular characterization of micro-symbiont genes in order to search symbiont bacteria that can live in extreme environments contaminated hydrocarbon waste. The research method that morphological identification, isolation-purification and molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene with Chain Reaction Polymerization method. The results of histo-morphological analysis concluded sponge samples with species of Callyspongia sp. Isolation and purification mikro symbionts of sponge obtained 2 (two) isolates. Characteristics of Isolates 1; spherical shape, colonize and creamy, while isolates 2; jagged shape, oval and white colonies. Molecular characterization of the 16S rRNA gene by PCR, Bacillus subtilis strain BAB-684 identification for isolates one is the number of nucleotide pairs reached 899 bp and the degree of similarity in GenBank reached 89% homologous, while the second is a Bacillus flexus strain PHCDB20 isolates the number reached 950 bp nucleotide pairs with the degree of similarity in GenBank reached 99% homologous

scholarly journals Morphology and molecular characterization of Demidospermus spirophallus n. sp., D. prolixus n. sp. (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) and a redescription of D. anus in siluriform catfish from Brazil

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Franceschini ◽  
A.C. Zago ◽  
M.I. Müller ◽  
C.J. Francisco ◽  
R.M. Takemoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Accessory Piece ◽  
Copulatory Organ ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Ribosomal Gene ◽  
Upper Paraná River Floodplain ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

AbstractThe present study describes Demidospermus spirophallus n. sp. and Demidospermus prolixus n. sp. (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae) from the siluriform catfish Loricaria prolixa Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1978 (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the state of São Paulo, Brazil, supported by morphological and molecular data. In addition, notes on the circumscription of the genus with a redescription of Demisdospermus anus are presented. Demidospermus spirophallus n. sp. differed from other congeners mainly because of the morphology of the male copulatory organ (MCO), which exhibited 2½ counterclockwise rings, a tubular accessory piece with one bifurcated end and a weakly sclerotized vagina with sinistral opening. Demidospermus prolixus n. sp. presents a counterclockwise-coiled MCO with 1½ rings, an ovate base, a non-articulated groove-like accessory piece serving as an MCO guide, two different hook shapes, inconspicuous tegumental annulations, a non-sclerotized vagina with sinistral opening and the absence of eyes or accessory eyespots. The present study provides, for the first time, molecular characterization data using the partial ribosomal gene (28S) of two new species of Demidospermus from Brazil (D. spirophallus n. sp. and D. prolixus n. sp.), and Demidospermus anus from Loricariichthys platymetopon Isbrücker & Nijssen, 1979 collected in the Upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. Additionally, a revision of the species composition of this genus and others that occur in catfish is proposed to elucidate problems with their circumscription. The Brazilian species of Demidospermus clustered together as sister taxa among Neotropical dactylogyrids from siluriforms. The morphological characterization of D. spirophallus n. sp. and D. prolixus n. sp., and the molecular data of the three species in the present study will extend knowledge about this monogenean genus from the Neotropical region, and provide new information for future phylogeny studies.

scholarly journals Biological and Molecular Characterization of Four Botryosphaeria Species Isolated from Pear Plants Showing Stem Wart and Stem Canker in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lifeng Zhai ◽  
Meixin Zhang ◽  
Gang Lv ◽  
Xiaoren Chen ◽  
Nana Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Stem Canker ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
The Other ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
The Common ◽  
Stem Cankers

Pear stem wart and pear stem canker, which have been considered as two different fungal diseases caused by pathogens belonging to Botryosphaeria spp., commonly occur and cause serious damage in the main pear-producing areas in China. To identify the species of this genus infecting pear in China, 131 Botryosphaeria isolates were recovered from pear samples exhibiting symptoms collected from 20 different provinces and areas. Morphological characterization and phylogenetic analyses of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region and the β-tubulin and EF1-α genes revealed that Botryosphaeria dothidea, B. rhodina, B. obtusa, and B. parva were associated with different pear stem wart and stem canker symptoms. Remarkably, all isolates of B. dothidea were obtained from the samples showing either stem wart or stem canker lesions; however, the isolates of the other three species were obtained only from the samples showing stem canker. Pathogenicity tests on the pear shoots showed that B. dothidea isolates could induce stem wart or stem canker lesions but all the isolates of the other three species could only induce stem cankers. However, the isolates of B. parva, B. rhodina, and B. obtusa exhibited higher virulence than that of the B. dothidea isolates on the pear fruit. Our results suggest that B. dothidea is the common causal agent for these two diseases (a pear stem wart and a pear-related stem canker), whereas B. parva, B. rhodina, and B. obtusa only cause pear stem canker diseases. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report for biological and molecular characterization of four Botryosphaeria spp. isolated from pear plants showing stem wart and stem canker in China.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of potato cultivars using SSR markers

2011 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 542-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Favoretto ◽  
Elizabeth Ann Veasey ◽  
Paulo César Tavares de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Potato Crop ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Commercial Cultivars ◽  
Simple Sequence

The potato crop has a very narrow genetic base, so the use of molecular markers is a very important tool in the characterization of germplasm banks and evaluation of genetic divergence. The objective of this study was to identify, using microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, 38 accessions of potato from two collections of commercial cultivars. For the molecular characterization 10 loci were used, generating a total of 46 alleles, which were analyzed as binary data. A cluster analysis was performed with the Jaccard´s similarity coefficient and the UPGMA method, using the software NTSYSpc. On average, the number of alleles per locus was 4.6, ranging from two alleles for primers STM1049, STM 1053 and STM 1104 to 12 alleles per locus for primer STM0019a. Of the 46 alleles, only five were monomorphic, therefore presenting 89.1% polymorphism. The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.13 to 0.86, with an average of 0.54. The Jaccard´s coefficient varied from 0.41 to 0.93, showing high genetic variability among accessions. Two possible duplicates [Atlantic (Canada) and Atlantic (Chile), and Colorado and Ágata (EPAMIG) (duplicates with these SSRs, which did not separate them)] were identified. High similarity was also shown by cultivars Chipie and Melodie (EPAMIG), Voyager and Gourmandine (EPAMIG), Eole and Caesar (EPAMIG), and Cupido and Santé (Pirassu). The most genetically divergent accessions (Lady Rosetta and HPC-7B) were also identified.

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