scholarly journals Performance of wheat and mustard in agroforestry system under terai conditions of U.P., India

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-90
Author(s):  
Afreen Mohsin ◽  
◽  
Faiz Mohsin ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Work Done

A large area is available in the form of boundaries, bunds, block plantations, wastelands where this system can be adopted. Poplar and Eucalyptus are suitable and promising agroforestry tree species, which is planted cropping system. In this particular study, Economical aspects and viability of wheat and Mustard have been studied. Trees intercropped with crops attained better growth and higher litter. In the study of nutrients (NPK) it is reviewed that all the three nutrients increase as the age of trees increases. All the nutrients increases as the tree age are increased. It is clearly seen after the whole research work done, nutrients in the soil are high insole plantation of trees. The yield of intercrops is low in the fields which are cultivated along with trees. The height of intercrops is higher under Poplar than intercrops under Eucalyptus. This might be due to the leaf pattern and its canopy shade. No significant results were obtained for tillers per plant and effective tillers per plant in wheat, however, more tillers were found in pure cropping. In Mustard primary branches per plant and seeds per siliqua were at par under Eucalyptus, Poplar, and pure cropping. Yield parameters such as secondary branches per plant, siliqua per plant, and test weight were significantly higher in pure cropping. The grain and straw/stover yields of both the crops under Eucalyptus and Poplar decreased significantly as compared to open fields (crops without Eucalyptus and Poplar). Net returns from a crop grown with Eucalyptus, & Poplar and sole cropping revealed that maximum income (Rs.82819.00/ha) was recorded in pure cropping (monoculture) of wheat, whereas net returns from Mustard grown Eucalyptus, Poplar and sole cropping revealed that maximum income (Rs.67275.00/ha) and whereas negative net returns of Rs.3943.47/ha (under 4years Eucalyptus) and also negative net returns Rs. 8731.00/ha (under 5 years Poplar) was recorded in Mustard oil.

scholarly journals Effect of Rice Residue Retention and Foliar Application of K on Water Productivity and Profitability of Wheat in North West India

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Pal Meena ◽  
Karnam Venkatesh ◽  
Rinki Khobra ◽  
S. C. Tripathi ◽  
Kailash Prajapat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foliar Application ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Large Area ◽  
North West ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Residue Retention

The rice–wheat cropping system being the backbone of food security in South-Asia has resulted in soil health deterioration, declining water table, and air pollution affecting livability index of the region. The effect of rice residue retention (RRR), irrigation levels and foliar application of K on wheat grain yield (GY), water use efficiency (WUE) and profitability was tested over three years. RRR increased wheat GY (5224 kg ha−1), above-ground biomass (AGBM = 11.9 t ha−1), tillers per square meter (TPM = 469) and grains per meter square (GrPMS = 13,917) significantly. Relative water content (RWC = 93.8) and WUE (2.45 k gm−3) were also increased significantly by RRR. Consequently, profitability (Net return = 624.4 $ and Benefit to cost (B:C) ratio) was enhanced. Foliar application of K enhanced GY (5151 kg ha−1), AGBM (12 t ha−1), RWC (94.1), SPAD (52.2), WUE (2.40 kg m−3), net returns (625.2 $) and BC ratio (1.62) significantly. RRR increased GY (15.66%) and WUE (17.39%) with additional revenue of 151 $ with only one irrigation at the CRI stage (ICS). RRR adopted over 10% of the area can earn 187 million-US$ annually. RRR if adopted over existing practice on a large area would reduce environmental degradation with an enhanced income to small and marginal farmers.

Transforming Malta Orchard into Agroforestry System with Different Crops for Improving Productivity, Profitability and Land Uses

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-125
Author(s):  
AK Das ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
SR Saha ◽  
NS Sarmin ◽  
MA Hoque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Sole Cropping

Sustainable agricultural practices like agroforestry systems are being advocated to overcome various problems of farming. A young malta (Citrus sinensis) orchard (3 years old) was transformed into a fruit tree-based agroforestry system in which the performances of summer (okra and Indian spinach) and autumn (mungbean and kangkong) crops and year-round spices (ginger and turmeric) were evaluated following randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replication each and eventually compared between agroforestry systems and respective sole cropping (control) from March 2018 to February 2019 at BSMRAU field. The experimental results revealed that the yields of the associated crops deprived when grown at the closest row position from the bed of malta tree and spices. Yields of okra, Indian spinach, mungbean, kangkong, turmeric and ginger were reduced by 7.57, 6.52, 14.86, 13.26, 9.70 and 16.23%, respectively under agroforestry system as compared to control. However, malta yield was increased by 5.35% in agroforestry system than control trees. The findings also indicated that the crops in agroforestry system was less hindered by the shade effect of malta trees due to less dense canopy of young malta trees. In comparison to sole cropping system, the higher benefit-cost ratio (BCR) (2.93) and land equivalent ratio (LER) (2.83) were obtained in the studied agroforestry system that explicated higher system productivity and land uses. Notable improvement of total nitrogen and organic matter were obtained in the soil under agroforestry system. Therefore, malta-based agroforestry system can be a promising alternative to provide higher economic benefits, boosting food and nutritional security, improving soil nutrient status and utilization of land. Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2020) 24(1) : 113-125

scholarly journals Effect of Sweet Potato Vine Planting Orientation on the Growth and Yield of Sweet Potato/Maize Intercropping System in Makurdi, Southern Guinea Savanna, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idoko, J.A ◽  
Akaazua, B.W ◽  
Aduwele, A.T
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Potato Vine ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Sweet Potato Vine

Two field experiments were carried out during the cropping seasons of 2016 and 2017 at the Teaching and Research Farm of the University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria. The experiments sought to determine the effect of sweet potato vine orientation on growth and yield of sweet potato/maize intercropping system with a view to improve the productivity of maize/sweet potato intercropping in Makurdi. The experiment was a 2 x 2 x 3 split-split plot laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plot treatments were two cropping systems [sole cropping (sweet potato, maize), intercropping (sweet potato + maize)].The sub plot treatments were made up of two maize varieties (pop.66SR/ACR.91 SUWAH 1-SR and M2: pool18R/AK94DMRESR-Y). The sub-sub plot treatments comprised of three (3) sweet potato vine orientations (incline, loop and horizontal). The result obtained from the experiment showed sole cropping gave higher cob length, number of seeds per cob, cob weight, grain yield and 100-seed weight of maize than intercropping in both years. In all years, pool18R/AK94DMRESR-Y produced higher yield and yield parameters of maize than pop.66SR/ACR.91 SUWAH 1-SR irrespective of the cropping system. In 2016 and 2017, horizontal vine orientation gave higher vine length, root diameter, root length, number of saleable roots per hectare and weight of saleable roots than all the other vine orientations. Intercropping with pop.66SR/ACR.91 SUWAH 1-SR gave higher growth and yield parameters than intercropping with pool18R/AK94DMRESR-Y. All intercrop combinations had LER figures above 1.0 and LEC values above 0.25 in both years. CR values of sweet potato were consistently higher than those of maize in all intercrop combinations in 2016 and 2017

Photocatalytic Degradation and Antibacterial Study of Copper(II) Mustard Thiourea Complex

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-242
Author(s):  
Vandana Sukhadia ◽  
Rashmi Sharma ◽  
Asha Meena
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Polar Solvent ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Solvent Polarity ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mustard Oil ◽  
Urea Complex ◽  
Pseudo First Order Reaction

Aims: The aim of this research work is to synthesise, study and analyse photocatalytic degradation, kinetics. Background: Copper(II) mustard thio urea complex has been synthesized and characterized through FT-IR, NMR, ESR studies. Objective: Photocatalytic degradation of copper(II) mustard thio urea complex was studied in the presence of ZnO as a catalyst in the solution form, using a non polar solvent benzene and a polar solvent methanol with different compositions. Antibacterial activities of copper(II) complex have also been studied against Staphylococcus aureus. Method: O.D. was measured after different time intervals spectrophotometrically to measure the degradation of the complex. Result: Plot of 2+ log O.D. (absorbance) versus time was plotted and found to be linear. The heterogeneous photocatalysis followed pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics. The present study suggests that the CMT complex shows antibacterial activity at different concentrations. Conclusion: The rate of photocatalytic degradation of CMT complex was studied and analyzed. It has been found that the rate of degradation varies with different parameters like the concentration of complex, the amount of catalyst, light intensity, solvent polarity etc. The CMT complex derived from natural mustard oil has shown an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus which may cause skin diseases.

Impact of Chatbot in Transforming the Face of Retailing- An Empirical Model of Antecedents and Outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Anshu ◽  
Loveleen Gaur ◽  
Arun Solanki
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Shopping Behavior ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
The Face ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Work Done ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Chatbot has emerged as a significant resolution to the swiftly growing customer caredemands in recent times. Chatbot has emerged as one of the biggest technological disruption. Simply speaking, it is a software agent facilitating interaction between computers and humans in natural language. So basically, it is a simulated, intellectual dialogue agent functional in a range of consumer engagement circumstances. It is the easiest and simplest means enable interaction between the retailers and the customers. </p><p> • Purpose- Most of the research work done in this field is concerned with their technical aspects. The recent research on chatbot pay little attention to the impact it is creating on users’ experience. Through this work, author is making an effort to know the customer-oriented impact that the chatbot bear on the shoppers. The purpose of this study is to develop and empirically test a framework that identify the customer oriented attributes of chatbot and impact of these attributes on customers. </p><p> • Objectives- The study intends to bridge the gap between concepts and actual attributes and applications on the subject of Chatbot. The following research objectives can address the various aspects of Chatbot affecting the different characteristics of consumers shopping behaviors: a) Identify the various attributes of chatbot that bears an impression on consumer shopping behavior. b) Evaluate the impact of chatbot on consumer shopping behavior that leads to the development of chatbot usage and adoption among the customer. </p><p> • Design/Methodology/Approach – For the purpose of analysis, author has administered Factor analysis and Multiple regression using SPSS version 23 for identification of various attributes of Chatbot and knowing their impact on shoppers. A self-administered questionnaire from the review of literature is developed. Industry experts in the field of retailing and academician evaluate the questionnaire. Primary information from the respondents is gathered using this questionnaire. The questionnaire comprises of Likert scale on a scale of 1 to 5 where 1 stands for strongly disagree and 5 stands for strongly agree. Data is collected from 126 respondents, out of which 111 respondents were finally considered for study and analysis purpose. </p><p> • Findings – The empirical results show that the study identifies various attributes of chatbot like Trust, Usefulness, Satisfaction, Readiness to Use and Accessibility. It is also found that chatbot is really influencing the customers in providing them with shopping experience, which can be very helpful to the businesses for increasing the sales and creating repurchase intention among the customers. </p><p> • Originality/value – The recent research on chatbot pay little attention to the impact it is creating on customers who are actually interacting with it on regular basis. The research paper extends information for understanding and appreciating the customer oriented attributes of artificially intelligent Chatbot. In this regard, the author has developed a model framework and proposed the attributes identified. Through the work, author is also making an effort to test empirically the impact of the identified attributes on the shoppers.

scholarly journals Energy budget and carbon footprint in a wheat and maize system under ridge furrow strategy in dry semi humid areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changjiang Li ◽  
Shuo Li
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Energy Output ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Energy Productivity ◽  
Carbon Efficiency ◽  
Net Returns

AbstractThe well-irrigated planting strategy (WI) consumes a large amount of energy and exacerbates greenhouse gas emissions, endangering the sustainable agricultural production. This 2-year work aims to estimate the economic benefit, energy budget and carbon footprint of a wheat–maize double cropping system under conventional rain-fed flat planting (irrigation once a year, control), ridge–furrows with plastic film mulching on the ridge (irrigation once a year, RP), and the WI in dry semi-humid areas of China. Significantly higher wheat and maize yields and net returns were achieved under RP than those under the control, while a visible reduction was found for wheat yields when compared with the WI. The ratio of benefit: cost under RP was also higher by 10.5% than that under the control in the first rotation cycle, but did not differ with those under WI. The net energy output and carbon output followed the same trends with net returns, but the RP had the largest energy use efficiency, energy productivity carbon efficiency and carbon sustainability among treatments. Therefore, the RP was an effective substitution for well–irrigated planting strategy for achieving sustained agricultural development in dry semi-humid areas.

scholarly journals LiNbO3Coating on Concrete Surface: A New and Environmentally Friendly Route for Artificial Photosynthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjit K. Nath ◽  
M. F. M. Zain ◽  
Abdul Amir H. Kadhum
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Artificial Photosynthesis ◽  
Reaction Pathway ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Concrete Material ◽  
Gas Phases ◽  
Work Done

The addition of a photocatalyst to ordinary building materials such as concrete creates environmentally friendly materials by which air pollution or pollution of the surface can be diminished. The use of LiNbO3photocatalyst in concrete material would be more beneficial since it can produce artificial photosynthesis in concrete. In these research photoassisted solid-gas phases reduction of carbon dioxide (artificial photosynthesis) was performed using a photocatalyst, LiNbO3, coated on concrete surface under illumination of UV-visible or sunlight and showed that LiNbO3achieved high conversion of CO2into products despite the low levels of band-gap light available. The high reaction efficiency of LiNbO3is explained by its strong remnant polarization (70 µC/cm2), allowing a longer lifetime of photoinduced carriers as well as an alternative reaction pathway. Due to the ease of usage and good photocatalytic efficiency, the research work done showed its potential application in pollution prevention.

Performance of Cowpea and Horse Gram as Intercrops with Bt Cotton on Red Soils of Southern Transition Zone of Karnataka Plateau, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ramamurthy ◽  
G. Sangeetha ◽  
B. Shyla
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Horse Gram ◽  
Red Soils ◽  
On Farm

Background: Horizontal expansion of area under pulses at country level has very little possibilities. This necessitates exploring alternate ways to increase the area and production of pulses. Bt cotton is the major cash crop grown in large area in Southern transition zone of Karnataka on red soils. Bt cotton hybrids are sown at wide row spacing hence provide sufficient space for cultivation of short duration pulses like cowpea and horse gram.Methods: On-farm trials were carried out in medium deep red soils of Basavanagiri village of Mysore district, Karnataka during 2014-15 and 2015-16. There were six treatments consists of Bt cotton with farmers practice (T1), Bt cotton with best management practice (T2), sole cowpea (T3), sole horse gram (T4), Bt cotton intercropped with cowpea (T5) and Bt cotton inter cropped with horse gram (T6). On-farm trials were laid out by using RCBD design in five farmer fields, which served as replications.Result: On-farm investigation indicated that there was no much difference between cotton yield sole crop with BMP and inter cropped cotton yield. However, cotton yield was significantly lower in farmers practice over BMP. Intercropping of cowpea and horse gram with Bt cotton resulted in higher cotton equivalent yield, LER and production efficiency over the sole cotton cropping system. This was due to the wider spacing of the cotton and better resource use efficiency in intercropping system.

scholarly journals Identification of Economically Viable Cropping Systems for Vertisols of Northern Telangana Zone

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-106
Author(s):  
Firdoz Shahana ◽  
M. Goverdhan ◽  
S. Sridevi ◽  
B. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Lower Productivity ◽  
Randomized Block Design

A field experiment was conducted during 2016-17 at AICRP on Integrated Farming Systems, Regional Sugarcane and Rice Research Station, Rudrur to diversify existing rice-rice cropping system with less water requiring crops under irrigated dry conditions for vertisols of Northern Telangana Zone. The experiment was laid out with twelve cropping systems as treatments in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The twelve combinations of cropping systems tested during kharif and rabi seasons were rice – rice (check), maize + soybean (2:4) – tomato, maize + soybean (2:4) - rice, maize - sunflower + chickpea (2:4), maize - chickpea, Bt cotton + soybean (1:2) on broadbed – sesame + groundnut (2:4), Bt cotton - sesame + blackgram (2:4), soybean – wheat, soybean – sunflower + chickpea (2:4), turmeric – sesame, turmeric + soybean (1:2) on flat bed – bajra and turmeric + soybean (1:2) on broadbed – sesame + blackgram (2:4). On system basis, significantly higher productivity in terms of rice equivalent yield (REY) of 23830 kg ha-1 was recorded with turmeric+soybean (1:2) BBF– sesame+blackgram (2:4) turmeric – sesame cropping sequence. However it was on par with turmeric – sesame and turmeric + soybean (1:2) on flat bed – bajra crop sequence with productivity of 23332 kg ha-1 and 21389 kg ha-1 respectively. Lower productivity was recorded with rice-rice cropping system (10725 kg ha-1). Significantly higher system net returns were recorded with Bt. cotton – sesame + black gram (2:4) on BBF (Rs222838 ha-1) closely followed by Bt Cotton + Soybean (1:2) (BBF) - Sesamum + Groundnut (2:4) (Rs221160 ha-1) and Maize+soybean (2:4)–tomato (Rs212909 ha-1). Lower system net returns were recorded in conventional rice-rice system (Rs88179 ha-1). Bt. cotton – sesame + black gram (2:4) and Bt Cotton + Soybean (1:2) (BBF)- Sesamum + Groundnut ((2:4) and Maize+soybean (2:4)–tomato were economically superior with REE of 152.71%, 150.81% and 141.45%. Rice- Rice cropping adopted by majority of farmers is less productive and economically inferior indicating wider scope of diversifying existing rice- rice cropping system with high productive, economically viable cropping systems in vertisols of Northern Telangana Zone.

scholarly journals Integrated Nutrient Management Improves the Growth and Yield of Rice and Greengram in a Rice—Greengram Cropping System under the Coastal Plain Agro-Climatic Condition

Plants ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Satyabrata Mangaraj ◽  
Rabindra Kumar Paikaray ◽  
Sagar Maitra ◽  
Shriram Ratan Pradhan ◽  
Lalita Mohan Garnayak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Aromatic Rice ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Rainfed Conditions

Continuous mono-cropping of rice has resulted in decline or stagnation of yield output due to the occurrence of multiple nutrient deficiencies and worsening of soil physicochemical properties accompanying increased pressure of insect pests and diseases. The basic concept of integrated nutrient management (INM) is maintenance or adjustment of soil fertility and supply of plant nutrients to an optimum level for sustaining the desired crop productivity through optimisation of benefits from all possible sources of plant nutrients in an integrated way. Augmenting a rice-based cropping system with pulses is a prevalent and indigenous cropping system under rainfed conditions. Considering the above facts, experiments were conducted to evaluate the impacts of integrated nutrient management on productivity of aromatic rice–greengram cropping system and nutrient balance of the post-harvest soil for agricultural sustainability under rainfed conditions in two consecutive years (2017–2018 and 2018–2019) with six main plots and three subplots. The experimental findings revealed that the treatment comprised of 50% recommended dose of fertiliser (RDF) through chemicals + 50% recommended dose of nitrogen (RDN) through farmyard manure (FYM) increased the plant height, tillers, dry matter accumulation, leaf area and leaf area duration, and yield parameters in short grain aromatic rice. Similarly, preceding application of 50% RDF + 50% RDN through FYM to rice and further application 75% RDF + Rhizobium+ phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) to greengram increased the growth characteristics and yield parameters—such as pods/plant, seeds/pod, grain yield, stover yield, and harvest index—in greengram. It was concluded that the treatment consisting of 50% RDF (chemical fertiliser) + 50% RDN (FYM) to rice and 75% RDF + Rhizobium + PSB to greengram increased the productivity of the rice–greengram cropping system. Furthermore, the adoption of INM has positively impacted post-harvest soil nutrient balance.

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