scholarly journals The Contemporary Significance of the Early Accounting Teaching Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Szász ◽  
Edith Debrenti

In the light of global trends, economic operators cannot withstand change. At first, computer-driven technologies replaced only routine tasks, which were easily programmed using algorithms. However, as a result of technological development, artificial intelligence, machine learning, the internet and big data, machines have acquired an understanding of non-routine tasks. They have become autonomous, and are now capable of solving more and more complex tasks.The job opportunities offered by the new digitalized world ask for new competencies developed by the education system. Our research examines 20 th-century teaching methods based on final exams made public, then compares and contrasts them to 21 st-century teaching materials and examination methods. One of the significantobservations is that between 1900 and 1918, the final exam in mathematics contained only word problems. The majority of the 223 problems available, 57 by number, focused on “capital, interest, benefit, loan, sales and purchase.” The wording of the problemsreflects the (actual) problems and events of the time. Although case studies are still present, most problems are the “calculate, solve, circle, underline” type. Example problems are often provided; thus, problem-solving turns into a routine task. The earlier method yet based on word problems inspired by our everyday economic reality might prove helpful in developing problem-solving skills, in reducing reading comprehension difficulties present at all levels of education as well as in indirectly raising awareness of today’s environmental, personal finance, issues.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1625-1638
Author(s):  
Riyadi*, Triana ◽  
Triana Jamilatus ◽  
Puput Nikmaturrohmah

<p style="text-align: justify;">Problem-solving is considered one of the thinking skills that must be possessed in 21<sup>st</sup>-century education because problem-solving skills are required to solve all problems that arise. The problem-solving stages that can be used are Polya's four steps, namely, understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, and looking back. Problem-solving skills are essential for solving word problems. Word problems based on arithmetic operations are divided into three types: one-step, two-step, and multistep. This qualitative research aimed to see problem-solving skills viewed from the type of word questions and elementary school students’ third, fourth, and fifth grades. A purposive sampling technique with 22 third-grade students, 28 fourth-grade students, and 21 fifth-grade students was used. The data were collected using documentation, testing, and interview methods. The findings of the study showed that fourth-grade students’ problem-solving skills are better than those of third-grade students, and the problem-solving skills of fifth-grade students are better than those of fourth-grade students. The percentage of Polya's steps always decreases because not all students master problem-solving. Based on the types of questions, the percentage of the one-step word problem is better than that of the two-step while the percentage of the two-step word problems is higher than that of the multistep.</p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 442-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny R. Root ◽  
Sarah K. Cox ◽  
Nannette Hammons ◽  
Alicia F. Saunders ◽  
Deidre Gilley

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multicomponent mathematics intervention (modified schema-based instruction, video anchors, and goal setting with self-graphing) on mathematical problem-solving skills of secondary students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Three participants were taught to solve percent of change word problems, which involved calculating the discounted price of an item or activity after using a coupon and then determining whether they had enough money to make the purchase. Results of the multiple probe across participant design indicate a functional relation between the intervention and problem solving, and all participants were able to generalize skills from word problems to real-world stimuli (i.e., coupons, receipts, menus). Implications for practice and future research are discussed.


Author(s):  
Nina Sturm

Solving non-routine word problems is a challenge for many primary school students. A training program was therefore developed to help third-grade students to find solutions to word problems by constructing external representations (e.g., sketches, tables) and to specifically use them. The objective was to find out whether the program positively influences students’ problemsolving success and problem-solving skills. The findings revealed significant differences between trained and untrained classes. Therefore, it can be assumed that self-generated representations are heuristic tools that help students solve word problems. This paper presents the results on the impact of the training program on the learning outcome of students.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (193) ◽  
pp. 399-412
Author(s):  
Nataliia Zinukova ◽  

The article considers the relevance of the acquisition and development of masters ’ soft skills. The objective of this article is to get acquainted with the soft skills system required by a future translator/interpreter in his or her professional activity and to highlight the opportunities for gaining and developing these skills during Master ’ study programme "Translation (English)". The theoretical analysis to determine the list of "soft skills" as important components of the competitiveness of future translators was conducted. The list of flexible skills for applicants of the second (master's) level of higher education is systematized. Based on the analysis of researchers' approaches to the classification of soft skills, the following three groups of soft skills were distinguished: social and communication skills (communication skills, interpersonal skills, group work, leadership, social intelligence, responsibility, ethics of communication); cognitive skills (critical thinking, problem-solving skills, innovative thinking, intellectual workload management, self-study skills, time management); personal qualities and components of emotional intelligence (emotional intelligence, honesty, optimism, flexibility, creativity, motivation and empathy). It should be noted that, within each category and between categories, individual skills and qualities interact. It is clear that different types of soft skills are a priority for different activities. The results of a survey of Master’ students and teachers of Alfred Nobel University, Dnipro are presented. Respondents were asked to determine the list of the most priority soft skills of competitive translation professionals and to determine the degree of their importance. An experience analysis singled out two approaches to the soft skills formation today - to teach directly by introducing separate courses within the variant component of the study programme and to combine all disciplines in with non-formal education and extracurricular activities. The training course "Fundamentals of Translation Activity" is described here, the content of which is naturally combined with the traditional subjects of the professional training cycle, and the implementation of interactive teaching methods aimed at developing "soft skills" in future translators is presented. Through the implementation of dialogical and discussion methods of training using the techniques of synectics, game teaching methods involving modeling of professional situations, joint analysis and problem solving, our results can demonstrate the ability of Master’s students to reflect on their own experience and individual characteristics necessary to develop soft skills. The findings provide a potential mechanism of the following techniques to implement the aforementioned game methods selected for training: reflection, advisory group, role rotation, support, interlocutor chair, mute assistant, replay and placement. To develop soft skills in post graduate students it is necessary to choose some facilitation methods (World Cafe, Open Space, Anti-Brainstorming, Dynamic Facilitation). Superior results could be seen for one more pedagogical technique, project work, which involves the "immersion " in the teaching material, determination of the personality of their emotional and value attitude to it and improving the efficiency of assimilation.


1993 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Bottge ◽  
Ted S. Hasselbring

Two groups of adolescents with learning difficulties in mathematics were compared on their ability to generate solutions to a contextualized problem after being taught problem-solving skills under two conditions, one involving standard word problems, the other involving a contextualized problem on videodisc. All problems focused on adding and subtracting fractions in relation to money and linear measurement. Both groups of students improved their performance on solving word problems, but students in the contextualized problem group did significantly better on the contextualized problem posttest and were able to use their skills in two transfer tasks that followed instruction.


2021 ◽  
pp. 073194872110614
Author(s):  
Irene Polo-Blanco ◽  
María J. González López ◽  
Alicia Bruno ◽  
Jon González-Sánchez

This study, which used a multiple baseline across students’ design, examines the effectiveness of a modified schema-based instructional approach to improve the mathematical word problem-solving performance of three students with mild intellectual disability, two of them with autism spectrum disorder. Following the intervention, the three students improved their performance when solving addition and subtraction change word problems; however, their performance was inconsistent with change word problems. The effects of the instruction were generalized to two-step addition and subtraction word problems for the three participants. Moreover, the results were generalized to an untrained setting and were maintained 8 weeks after the instruction. The implications of these findings for teaching problem-solving skills to students with intellectual disability are discussed.


2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 470-475
Author(s):  
Beverly J. Ferrucci ◽  
Ban-Har Yeap ◽  
Jack A. Carter

Modeling is a flexible, powerful, and engaging tool for middle school students to use to enhance their problem-solving skills. In this article, we describe one teacher's first efforts to develop her students' modeling expertise in a variety of arithmetic word problems. This modeling approach emanates, in part, from our observations of Singapore schools and curricula during the year 2001. We initially describe some of the basis for modeling that is grounded in current research and standards documents.


Author(s):  
Nabila Khodier ◽  
Hanan Elazhary ◽  
Nayer Wanas

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) are intended to help in tutoring the students in specific domains typically by improving their problem solving skills. An important aspect of such ITSs is their ability to solve the generated problems in the same way that the student would in addition to interpreting the student actions to provide relevant feedback and help. Cognitive models that mimic the way knowledge is represented in human minds are excellent means toward achieving this goal. This paper discusses cognitive modelling in the MAth Story problem Tutor (MAST). MAST is a Web-based ITS that can generate probability story problems of different contexts, types and difficulty levels. The paper also discusses the model tracing approach of MAST to interpret the student actions in symbolizing the word problems and estimating the required probabilities to provide relevant feedback and help. A major contribution of the paper is in considering the symbolization of the probability word problems to convert them to the symbolic form and tracing the students errors in this process. As an example, the paper considers the context of rolling a die and tossing a coin. Evaluation results have shown the ability of MAST to considerably improve the probability story problem solving skills of the students.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-56
Author(s):  
Vera Rosalina Bulu

This Qualitative study aimed to describe the students the mistakes in solving the problems related to cubes and cuboid topics based on Newmann's procedures. To gather the data, three students of primary school teacher department in a university in Kupang, Indonesia, with a high, moderate and low problem – solving skills were chosen to be analyzed further using descriptive method. The result showed that the students with a high problem – solving skill were doing wrong in writing the final answer due to an incomplete understanding of cube and cuboid. The students with a moderate problem – solving skill were doing mistake in transforming the word problems into mathematical expression since the students were not accustomed to do non – routine problem. Furthermore, the students with the low problem – solving skills were doing mistakes in transforming word problems into a mathematical expression, during the process and writing the final answer. The mistake was emerged due to students’ inability to understand the problems and incomplete understanding of the concept of cube and cuboid.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Miksan Ansori

Collaborative problem solving is one of a series of abilities that are needed in the 21st century in various aspects of life such as work, community, organization and even in the family. If it is not instilled early on, this ability will not be owned by a person given the flow of globalization and technological development, communication and information in many studies actually gives the effect of exlusivism, individualism and low social attitudes that make it difficult for them to collaborate in solving increasingly complex problems. Discourse on Collaborative Problem Solving in various aspects is needed. In addition to strengthening and developing science, studies on CPS are needed to further strengthen practitioners to implement them. Before proceeding further in the application and development of Collaborative Problem Solving skills, the meaning and aspects must be clearly known first.    


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