scholarly journals An Investigation of How Online Learning Reduces ZPD in Mandarin Language Classrooms

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Noor Hanim Rahmat ◽  
Mok Soon Sim ◽  
Lau Suk Khi ◽  
Ling Tek Soon

Traditionally, language needs to be learnt face-to-face. Pronunciation practices, role play, group discussions are all activities that allow interaction among learners. Previously, some things are better learnt face-to-face, while some can be learnt online. Nevertheless, the pandemic has accelerated the need for online learning in almost all courses offered at institutions. Devices used for online learning can be used as a leaning tool by learners to improve understanding. These devices help to reduce a learner’s zone of proximal development (ZPD) thus maximizing learning. Online learning has been said to facilitate rather than hinder language learning. This study is therefore done to explore how it helps the learning of Mandarin. The study investigates how online interaction affects the learning of Mandarin in language classrooms. 173 participants responded to a 28 items (5 likert scale) instrument. Findings reveal how online learning influences interaction, encourages participation of more knowledgeable others, and improves interaction with content among learners.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 937
Author(s):  
Amira Eza Febrian Putri ◽  
Aiga Ventivani ◽  
Okti Rjeky ◽  
Sunarti Sunarti

ABSTRAKUpaya pendidik dalam memenuhi tuntutan pendidikan abad 21 saat ini telah menghadapi tantangan berat yaitu adanya pandemi. Pola pembelajaran yang biasanya dilakukan secara tatap muka, mau tidak mau kini harus berjalan dengan cara daring. Ketidaksiapan ini menimbulkan berbagai masalah yang ditemukan di lapangan antara lain ketidaktercapaian tujuan pembelajaran, kesulitan penyampaian materi pembelajaran, kurangnya interaksi dengan siswa dalam proses pembelajaran, kualitas pemberdayaan sarana dan elemen dalam pembelajaran yang terbatas, terbatasnya pengetahuan tentang penggunaan media yang sesuai dengan kondisi saat ini. Sedangkan dari prespektif siswa, terdapat masalah yang sering dihadapi ketika pembelajaran daring yaitu siswa merasa jenuh karena pembelajaran  dan penugasan yang monoton, tagihan tugas yang menumpuk, pembelajaran tidak semenyenangkan pembelajaran tatap muka, mengantuk karena terlalu lama menyimak penjelasan guru via online sinkron, dan sulitnya jaringan internet. Pelatihan perangcangan soal berbasis teknologi ini dilakukan sebagai upaya meningkatkan kecakapan guru terkait pembuatan aktifitas daring, khususnya tes dalam bentuk kuis online yang lebih menarik daripada sekedar penugasan manual. Adapun kegiatan dalam pengabdian berupa (1) pembelajaran daring; (2) masalah yang  terjadi dalam pembelajaran daring; (3) pembelajaran daring yang ideal; (4) pemanfaatan teknologi dalam tes dan latihan. Hasil dari kegiatan pelatihan ini menunjukkan, dengan aplikasi quizizz, proprofs, dan i spring suite guru dapat menumbuhkan minat dan motivasi dalam pembelajaran bahasa Mandarin, serta tercipta pembelajaran lebih bervariasi yang belum pernah dilakukan oleh guru sebelumnya. Kata kunci: pelatihan; pembelajaran daring; guru; bahasa mandarin. ABSTRACTEducators' efforts to meet the demands of 21st century education have faced a severe challenge: pandemics. Learning patterns that are usually done face-to-face, inevitably now have to run in an online way. This unpreparedness raises various problems found in the field including inability of learning objectives, difficulty in delivering learning materials, lack of interaction with students in the learning process, quality empowerment of facilities and elements in limited learning, limited knowledge of media use in accordance with current conditions. While from the perspective of students, there are problems that are often faced when online learning is that students feel saturated because of monotonous learning and assignments, piling up assignment bills, learning is not as enjoyable as face-to-face learning, sleepiness because it is too long to listen to the teacher's explanation via online sync, and the difficulty of the internet network. This technology-based training is done as an effort to improve the skills of teachers related to the creation of online activities, especially tests in the form of online quizzes that are more interesting than just manual assignments. The activities in this training are (1) online learning; (2) problems that occur in online learning; (3) ideal online learning; (4) utilization of technology in tests and exercises. The results of this training activity showed that with quizizz applications, proprofs, and i spring suites teachers can foster interest and motivation in Mandarin language learning, as well as create more varied learning that has never been done by teachers before. Keywords: training; online learning; teacher; mandarin. 


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kartikasari Tandy Rerung

<p>Nowadays, the communicative teaching has been influenced by the development of technology. Becoming interactive teacher would not be enough if it is not supported by technology usage. Online learning in this case has been a powerful tool to help language learners during their learning progress.  It is said that that online instruction raised the good and average student’s reading performance and the performance of the lowest-performing as well. In listening and speaking, online learning can help students improve their pronunciaton as well the comprehension skill. Therefore, the following study is designed to find out the students’ perceptions towards the use of both online and face-to-face learning in listening and speaking classroom. There are 30 students from the 1<sup>st</sup> and 3<sup>rd</sup> semester of English Language and Culture Departement and they joined the class for 1 semester. Online learning platform used was taken from Cambridge Learning Management System integrated with Unlock 2 and Unlock 4 books as the source of learning. The result shows that most of the students see online learning as an alternative tool to help them during their learning process.<strong></strong></p><strong>Keywords: </strong>blended learning, online learning, face-to-face learning, language learning


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4S) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Shamsudin Othman ◽  
Rosmaria Omar ◽  
Azhar Md Sabil

During the COVID-19 pandemic, social education moved from face to face to online learning to discourage large gatherings and crowds from catching the spread of the virus. This state of urgency involved all the students including university students. This paper aims to study the impacts of Pandemic Covid19 and identified the relationships between online learning, learning at home and self-management towards Malay Language learning among the students in public universities during MCO and 2) to develop a predictive model in the relationships between online learning, learning at home and self-management towards Malay Language learning among the students in public universities during MCO. Four variables which are online learning, learning at home, self-management, and Malay Language learning were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. About 279 students from public universities were involved as respondents. Descriptive analysis, Correlation Pearson analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to answer the research objectives. An analysis of correlation Pearson showed that there are significant values derived from the relationship between online learning and Malay language learning (r=.578, p=.000). There is also a significant relationship between self-management and Malay language learning (r=.368, p=.000). However, there is no relationship between learning at home and Malay Language learning (r=.026, p=.294).  The predictive model achieved good fit values of RMSEA=.061, IFI=.937, CFI=.936, TLI=.925 and Chisq/df=2.001. The implementation of online learning as a new norm and platform in teaching and learning Malay Language among the students gave a positive impact in terms of technology usage. However, there are needs for improvement to be considered in providing a more useful platform to change from face to face in conventional ways similarly to advanced technology.  Meanwhile, the predictive model can serve as a source of reference in evaluating Malay language learning by using technology and other indicators for the future, for the sake of student’s achievement.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Rahmat Yusny ◽  
Fitria Rizki ◽  
Ika Kana Trisnawati ◽  
Mulia Mulia

Given the intensified number of online learning activities and having inadequate knowledge to identify the details of how it was organized within increased students’ language learning ability; this study focused on identifying the students’ perceptions of learning in two different situations. This study investigated how students perceived working in a new learning mode (online learning activity) compared to the traditional or face-to-face learning mode (offline learning activity) in regards to the learning frameworks, including the depth and comprehensiveness of learning, appropriate length for learning, comfortability of learning, and flexibility of learning. Ten students were selected to be the participants of the current study; all of whom were sixth and eighth semester students at the Department of English Language Education of Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh. They were served by several questions related to their experiences working on two different learning modes. The findings revealed that working in offline learning mode was still the common preference among the students and only a few of them preferred online learning. Even more interesting was the finding of one or two students who perceived no differences between participating in offline and online class learning activities. In addition, the findings also indicated that interaction between the course instructors and students still becomes a prominent element on the students’ satisfaction and comfort of learning. The students also suggested that the keys to their satisfactory learning experiences are access to learning materials and to their class instructors. To conclude, this study also provides new insights on what matters the most to the students’ learning experiences with respect to the current online learning trend. 


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette Ignacio ◽  
Hui-Chen Chen ◽  
Tanushri Roy

Abstract BackgroundThe drastic shift from face-to-face classes to online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic has enabled educators to ensure the continuity of learning for health professions students in higher education. Collaborative learning, a pedagogy used to facilitate knowledge integration by helping students translate theory from basic sciences to clinical application and practice, has thus been transformed from a face-to-face to a virtual strategy to achieve the learning objectives of a multi-disciplinary and integrated module.ObjectivesThis study aimed to describe and evaluate, through focus group discussions, a virtual collaborative learning activity implemented to assist first year undergraduate nursing students to develop cognitive integration in a module consisting of pathophysiology, pharmacology and nursing practice.MethodsFourteen first year undergraduate students and four faculty involved in facilitating the virtual collaboration participated in the study. Focus group discussions were conducted to elicit the perceptions of students and staff on the virtual collaborative learning session conducted at the end of the semester.ResultsThree themes were generated from the thematic analysis of the students’ focus group scripts. These were: (1) achieving engagement and interaction, (2) supporting the collaborative process, and (3) considering practical nuances. The three themes were further subdivided into subthemes to highlight noteworthy elements captured during focus group discussions. Three themes also emerged from the focus group discussion scripts of faculty participants: (1) learning to effectively manage, (2) facing engagement constraints, and (3) achieving integration. These themes were further sectioned into salient subthemes.ConclusionThe virtual collaborative learning pedagogy is valuable in fostering cognitive integration. However, meticulous planning considering various variables prior to implementation is needed. With better planning directed at addressing the learners’ needs and the faculty’s capabilities and readiness for online learning pedagogies, and with a strong institutional support to help mitigate the identified constraints of virtual collaborative learning, students and faculty will benefit.


Author(s):  
Mahnaz Azad

ABSTRACT Dynamic Assessment (DA) illustrates classroom interactions in which teaching and assessment must be integrated as a single activity seeking to identify learner abilities by actively supporting their ongoing developmental process. DA is based on the Vygotskian notion of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) which captures the uniquely human potential to exceed our present capabilities by working in cooperation with others. Moreover, with prevalence of multimedia language learning materials in foreign/ second language classrooms, their design is an important avenue of research in computer assisted language learning. This chapter will present an in-depth analysis of DA's application to particular problems of L2 development. It includes detailed discussions of the core DA theoretical tenets as well as implementing multi-media based DA principles in L2 classrooms. The information can be beneficial for language teacher educators, language testers, students and researchers in the areas of SLA, language pedagogy, and assessment.


2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Alexandra Mendieta Aguilar

An innovative idea which is increasingly gaining attention is the infusion of technology into face-to-face language curricular programs.Nonetheless, although “the approach of blending Computer-assisted Language Learning (CALL) applications with face-to-face teaching andlearning is as old as CALL itself” (Neumeier, 2005, p. 163), CALL as a field still lacks qualitative research on blended learning. There is insufficientinformation about teachers’ perceptions and the roles they play in these mixed environments, and without an understanding of these features,it is difficult to create new and effective models (Grgurovic, 2010). Research has been conducted comparing learning outcomes in traditionaland blended foreign language classes, yet the various sociocultural (external) and psychological (internal) aspects that mediate teachers’and learners’ transition from face-to-face to online learning, seem to go unexamined (White, 2006). Throughout this paper, therefore, I reviewliterature on the infusion of technology into the curriculum, specifically in relation to blended learning, so as to a) illustrate teachers’ viewsabout blended leaning and their transition from face-to-face to blended/online instruction; and b) discuss ways in which future research mightprovide an alternative understanding of how language teachers manage the new-work order established by the online learning componentpresent in blended programs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2972-2976
Author(s):  
H Gaglani

The COVID-19 pandemic has impinged on the people irrespective of their nationality, age, income, or gender. It has hit almost all the sectors of the economy and education is no exception. In response to lockdown norms, Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and universities had to close their premises. However, HEIs were quick to replace traditional classrooms with online learning. In response to this researcher has made an attempt to assess the perspective of MBA students towards Online Learning (OL) compared to the traditional classroom learning (CL) in the Nagpur region of Maharashtra. The sample includes fourth semester & second semester MBA students for the academic year 2019-2020. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire constructed in Google form. A total number of 601 students from five different MBA colleges in the Nagpur region participated in the study. Data were recorded in excel and analyzed. The result indicates that students are comfortable with online learning but still would like to prefer traditional face-to-face learning as it provides experiential learning.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 19-28
Author(s):  
Paramjit Kaur ◽  
Reenuga Nadarajan

There are various technological tools and software that can be used to enhance the language teaching-learning process. Research has shown that the integration of ‘gamification’ based software like Kahoot! has the ability to influence and enhance language learning outcomes and can be used as effective teaching and assessment tools in language classrooms. This study explores the language teaching and learning experiences of five teachers and 50 secondary students in an international school when they used Kahoot! in their English classes. The study employed a questionnaire with ten items using a five-level categorical Likert scale and a semi-structured interview to collect data. Almost all the teachers reported that Kahoot! was an effective teaching and assessment tool, and the use Kahoot! enabled the teachers to engage students actively in classes. The results from the questionnaire highlighted that almost all the students reported positive experiences when they had lessons integrated with the use of Kahoot!. The majority of students reported that they were able to engage actively in their language lessons when Kahoot! was used. Almost all the students reported positive experiences when they used Kahoot! in their language classrooms. Generally, it was found that Kahoot! enabled students to engage and actively participate in their language learning processes, and teachers used Kahoot! to create a more meaningful and rich language learning experience for their students.


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