scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sustainability in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kofo A Aderogba
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
The Government

Abstract The enhancement of the greenhouse effect in driving increases in temperature and many other changes associated with climate have become great concern to research. The objective of this paper is to estimate the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere in Lagos Metropolis. Literatures on road and air travels were read; and also journal articles on pollution and greenhouse gases, global warming and climate change. Newspaper cuttings, magazines, and electronic media sources of data and information were used. Trends in the growth and development of railway locomotives, marine activities, vehicular movements and air travels in the metropolis were studied and correlated with the estimated greenhouse gases emitted. There is positive correlation. Vehicular movements and air travels have increased by over 50% in the last twenty years. Greenhouse gases are increasing by the day. There must be deliberate checks on gas emission from automobiles, plants and machineries and in the aviation industry.  The world is not at rest to arrest the effects of climate change and global warming.  Nigeria and Nigerians and particularly Lagosian, the government and research institutions should be parts of the efforts.   Key words: Greenhouse Gas, Emissions, Predicaments, Economic Value, Lagos Metropolis.

Introduction

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Eelco J. Rohling
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Is Implementation

This chapter outlines the challenge facing us. The Paris Agreement sets a target maximum of 2°C global warming and a preferred limit of 1.5°C. Yet, the subsequent combined national pledges for emission reduction suffice only for limiting warming to roughly 3°C. And because most nations are falling considerably short of meeting their pledges, even greater warming may become locked in. Something more drastic and wide-ranging is needed: a multi-pronged strategy. These different prongs to the climate-change solution are introduced in this chapter and explored one by one in the following chapters. First is rapid, massive reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Second is implementation of ways to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Third may be increasing the reflectivity of Earth to incoming sunlight, to cool certain places down more rapidly. In addition, we need to protect ourselves from climate-change impacts that have already become inevitable.

'Green-gional' anesthesia: the non-polluting benefits of regional anesthesia to decrease greenhouse gases and attenuate climate change

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 744-745
Author(s):  
Mausam Kuvadia ◽  
Cynthia Eden Cummis ◽  
Gregory Liguori ◽  
Christopher L Wu
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Regional Anesthesia ◽  
Real Life ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Inhalational Agent ◽  
Potential Benefits

Volatile halogenated gases and nitrous oxide used as part of a balanced general anesthetic may contribute to global warming. By avoiding volatile inhalational agent use, regional anesthesia may reduce greenhouse gas emissions and help prevent global warming. We present a theoretical calculation of the potential benefits and a real-life example of how much regional anesthesia may reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals Soils and climate change: potential impacts on carbon stocks and greenhouse gas emissions, and future research for Australian agriculture

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Baldock ◽  
I. Wheeler ◽  
N. McKenzie ◽  
A. McBrateny
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Cycling

Organic carbon and nitrogen found in soils are subject to a range of biological processes capable of generating or consuming greenhouse gases (CO2, N2O and CH4). In response to the strong impact that agricultural management can have on the amount of organic carbon and nitrogen stored in soil and their rates of biological cycling, soils have the potential to reduce or enhance concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Concern also exists over the potential positive feedback that a changing climate may have on rates of greenhouse gas emission from soil. Climate projections for most of the agricultural regions of Australia suggest a warmer and drier future with greater extremes relative to current climate. Since emissions of greenhouse gases from soil derive from biological processes that are sensitive to soil temperature and water content, climate change may impact significantly on future emissions. In this paper, the potential effects of climate change and options for adaptation and mitigations will be considered, followed by an assessment of future research requirements. The paper concludes by suggesting that the diversity of climate, soil types, and agricultural practices in place across Australia will make it difficult to define generic scenarios for greenhouse gas emissions. Development of a robust modelling capability will be required to construct regional and national emission assessments and to define the potential outcomes of on-farm management decisions and policy decisions. This model development will require comprehensive field datasets to calibrate the models and validate model outputs. Additionally, improved spatial layers of model input variables collected on a regular basis will be required to optimise accounting at regional to national scales.

I. Global Warming and the Kyoto Protocol

1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 446-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Warbrick ◽  
Dominic McGoldrick ◽  
Peter G. G. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Greenhouse Gases ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Kyoto Protocol ◽  
The Third ◽  
Change Climate ◽  
Industrialised Countries

The Third Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Climate Change Convention) was held from 1 to 11 December 1997 at Kyoto, Japan. Significantly the States Parties to the Convention adopted a protocol (Kyoto Protocol) on 11 December 1997 under which industrialised countries have agreed to reduce their collective emissions of six greenhouse gases by at least 5 per cent by 2008–2012. Ambassador Raul Estrada-Oyuela, who had chaired the Committee of the Whole established by the Conference to facilitate the negotiation of a Protocol text, expressed the view that: “This agreement will have a real impact on the problem of greenhouse gas emissions. Today should be remembered as the Day of the Atmosphere.” This note seeks to outline in brief the science of climate change, and international activity to combat global warming prior to the Kyoto conference. It then attempts to analyse the terms of the Kyoto Protocol and to draw some conclusions on its significance.

scholarly journals GLOBAL WARMING – PHYSICS AND GEOPOLITICS (Review) 3. Reduction of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-64
Author(s):  
B.I. Basok ◽  
Ye.T. Baseyev
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Passive House ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Gas Emissions

Introduction. Despite the global pandemic, reducing the negative effects of global warming and adapting to its devastating effects remains a pressing global problem. Its solution is actively taken care of by politicians, the world's leading scientific organizations and the expert community. Problems. Political, economic, innovative, scientific, technical and social approaches and measures to reduce and/or neutralize climate change and adapt to warming are widely discussed. World organizations - IPCC, IEA, WMO, etc. are involved in solving the problems. Goal. Assess the state of the problem, present the results of research and measures and tools for their implementation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and/or adapt to their negative impact, in particular, in the energy sector - the largest producer of emissions. The main emphasis is on improving the energy efficiency of energy end-use, in particular, disseminating the experience of operational O&M (operation and maintenance) maintenance of passive buildings "zero-energy" in their energy supply from RES, as well as economic and financial leverage to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Materials and methods. Authoritative recent literature sources with analysis of approaches, measures and tools to reduce greenhouse gas emissions are used. Weather-dependent (climatic) maintenance of the diagnostic-demonstration passive house of the "zero-energy" type with continuous system monitoring of parameters of engineering systems and building constructions and meteorological environment is organized. Results. Experience has been gained in the development and use of innovative energy-efficient technologies for energy supply of a demonstration passive house with O&M service by means of monitoring weather indicators and adaptation measures to climate change. Conclusions. The accumulated experience in the development of innovative energy efficient energy supply technologies and adaptation measures to climate change in O&M maintenance of zero-energy ITTF building of the NAS of Ukraine can be used in energy, in particular in municipal energy, and for the development of low-carbon energy. The use of approaches related to the taxation of excessive greenhouse gas emissions, or taking into account the decarbonization of the economy of production of goods and services in export-import operations, will also help reduce global warming.

scholarly journals GLOBAL WARMING – PHYSICS AND GEOPOLITICS (Review). 4. Climate service in energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-74
Author(s):  
B.I. Basok ◽  
Ye.T. Baseyev
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Climate Service

Introduction. Reducing the negative impact of global warming on the economy and adapting to its devastating effects remains an important global challenge. Its solution is actively taken care of by politicians, the world's leading scientific organizations and the expert community. Problems. Economic, innovative and social approaches and measures to reduce and / or neutralize climate change, as well as adaptation to warming are considered. A new direction has been formed - climate service of world energy. Goal. Assess the state of the problem, present measures and tools for their implementation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and / or adapt to their negative impact, in particular, in the field of energy using the GFCS approaches. Materials and methods. Authoritative recent literature sources with analysis of approaches, measures and tools to reduce greenhouse gas emissions have been used. Results. The experience on development and use of innovative technologies of climatic service in power on the basis of GFCS is resulted. Conclusions. Undoubtedly, the physics and geopolitics of global warming have become one of the most pressing transdisciplinary problems in the realities of the modern world. It is necessary to develop and deepen the scientific basis for the adaptation of life and economy to possible climate change and its consequences. It is important to change the behavior of society in an adequate attitude to the comfortable living conditions, in particular to its energy supply, and in general to a careful attitude to world resources, for example, on the basis of consistent implementation of the principles of sustainable development

Causes and consequential costs of anthropogenic climate change

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 171-181
Author(s):  
David Novak ◽  
Christian Synwoldt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Heat Generation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Heat Islands ◽  
The One

On the one hand, this paper examines the costs directly caused by climate change, also com- paring the possible costs for preventing damage; on the other hand, it compares the effects of the radiation propulsion caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions on anthropogen- ic heat generation through the use of all types of fuels. In addition to the global warming ef- fect caused by anthropogenic heat radiation, there are also local heat islands that are affect- ed by a much greater rise in temperature. Purpose: A cost comparison of the damage caused by climate change and a quantitative com- parison of the direct heat development through the use of fuels with the radiative forcing through anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.Design / methodology / approach: In both cases, the research method is based on the analysis of public databases such as the International Energy Agency (IAE), as well as published lit- erature on global energy supply and the Federal Statistical Office. Results: The expected consequential damage caused by climate change will probably present most states with insoluble financial burdens. The radiation propulsion from anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions makes an 80 times greater contribution to global warming than the anthropogenic heat generation from all types of fuels. Research / practical implications: Future research should show the consequences for the economy and the acquisition of money on the one hand and on the other hand include the ef- fects of global warming and the heat islands, both of which lead to a loss of habitat. Originality / Value: This paper has both the expected follow-up costs in view as well as the causes and effects of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals ATTRICI 1.0 – counterfactual climate for impact attribution

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Mengel ◽  
Simon Treu ◽  
Stefan Lange ◽  
Katja Frieler
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Global Mean Temperature ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
Impact Events ◽  
Global Mean

Abstract. Climate has changed over the past century due to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. In parallel, societies and their environment have evolved rapidly. To identify the impacts of historical climate change on human or natural systems, it is therefore necessary to separate the effect of different drivers. By definition this is done by comparing the observed situation to a counterfactual one in which climate change is absent and other drivers change according to observations. As such a counterfactual baseline cannot be observed it has to be estimated by process-based or empirical models. We here present ATTRICI (ATTRIbuting Climate Impacts), an approach to remove the signal of global warming from observational climate data to generate forcing data for the simulation of a counterfactual baseline of impact indicators. Our method identifies the interannual and annual cycle shifts that are correlated to global mean temperature change. We use quantile mapping to a baseline distribution that removes the global mean temperature related shifts to find counterfactual values for the observed daily climate data. Applied to each variable of two climate datasets, we produce two counterfactual datasets that are made available through the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) along with the original datasets. Our method preserves the internal variability of the observed data in the sense that observed (factual) and counterfactual data for a given day remain in the same quantile in their respective statistical distribution. That makes it possible to compare observed impact events and counterfactual impact events. Our approach adjusts for the long-term trends associated with global warming but does not address the attribution of climate change to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.

scholarly journals ON DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PRIORITY MEASURES FOR ADAPTATION OF ST. PETERSBURG TO CLIMATE CHANGES

2020 ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
I.I. A.A. Pavlovskii
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
Gas Emissions

The adverse effects of climate change are a critical threat to sustainable urban development in the twenty-first century. The article discusses the possible impacts of climate change on St. Petersburg and adaptation measures for them. Special attention is paid to the directions specified in the Strategy of Social and Economic Development of St. Petersburg for the long term: formation of an inventory of greenhouse gas emissions, protection of the coast from flooding and erosion. Available estimates of greenhouse gas emissions in St. Petersburg are analyzed. Comparative estimates of changes in emissions of harmful substances from the main thermal power plants of St. Petersburg in the 1980s and in the 2020 are presented in the article, total emission from main energy plants having decreased more than 4 times. Achievements of St. Petersburg energy complex in transition to gas fuel are shown. Global warming can affect almost all anthropogenic and natural components of the metropolis St. Petersburg. In addition, they can be significantly strengthened by the urban heat island, which has become a characteristic of St. Petersburg in the late 19th century. Trends of St. Petersburg population growth and density of urban development make it possible to say that the development of the island of heat will continue in the next decades. The author proposes boundary delimitation of the maritime zone of St. Petersburg, determined on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the various zones related to the protection of the eastern Gulf of Finland. Practically all climatic normals of St. Petersburg presented in normative documents have changed at present. This circumstance requires updating of these documents. Extreme estimates of sea level rise pose a major threat to the security for the coast and population of St. Petersburg in the 21st century under global warming. Estimates of global warming impacts should be taken when planning urban development for the long-term.

scholarly journals Study to reduce greenhouse gas emissions at waste landfill in Medan City

2021 ◽  
Vol 894 (1) ◽  
pp. 012005
Author(s):  
I Suryati ◽  
A Farindah ◽  
I Indrawan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Waste Landfill ◽  
Effort Reduction

Abstract Landfill is a place where waste reaches the final stage. The piles of waste can generate greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming the potential of climate change. The greenhouse gas emission generates from the piles of waste is CH4 emission. The research purpose is to count CH4 emission in the waste landfill in Medan city located in Terjun, projection CH4 emission for ten years later is 2020-2029 and decisive the effort reduction of CH4 emission. The scenarios of reducing CH4 emission in Terjun waste landfill reduce the potential CH4 emission for ten years later. The calculation of CH4 emission from the piles of waste in Terjun waste landfill using FOD method (First Orde Decay) by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) in 2006. In 2019, CH4 emission in Terjun waste landfill was 12,350.750-ton CH4 and had an uplift in 2029 can reach 17,143.087-ton CH4. There are two scenarios for reducing CH4 emission in the Terjun waste landfill; the first is the processing of waste in the source (composting), and the second is reducing the waste by using incineration technology Terjun landfill. The first scenario (composting) can reduce CH4 emission by 14.80%. The second scenario can reduce by 63.37% the CH4 emission in Terjun waste landfill. The chosen alternative scenario for reducing CH4 in the Terjun waste landfill is the first scenario, the processing of waste in the source (composting).

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