scholarly journals Chemical and Mineral Composition, Kinetics of Degradation and in vitro Gas Production of Native Cactus

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
André Luiz Rodrigues Magalhães ◽  
Ana Lúcia Teodoro ◽  
Glayciane Costa Gois ◽  
Fleming Sena Campos ◽  
Julyana de Sena Rodrigues Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Production ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Caatinga Vegetation ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Total Carbohydrates ◽  
High Fraction ◽  
Kinetics Of Degradation ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical and minerals composition, fractions of carbohydrate and nitrogen compounds, kinetics of degradation and in vitro gas production of native cactus species of the brazilian Semiarid. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, with five native cactus species and 4 replications per species were randomly selected. The native cactus species evaluated were: Cereus jamacaru DC., Melocactus bahiensis Br. Et Rose Werderm, Opuntia inamoene K. Schum, Pilosocereus gounellei (A. Weber ex K. Schum) Bly ex Rowl and Pilosocereus pachycladus Ritter, all in natura. The native cactus species showed differences for chemical and mineral compositions (P <0.05). The nitrogenous components, C. jamacaru cactaceae presented higher contents of fractions A (228.1 g/kg CP) and B3 (241.7 g/kg CP) and smaller fraction C (174.0 g/kg CP). For carbohydrate fraction C. jamacaru presented lower fractions A + B1 (412.2 g/kg TC) and C (38.2 g/kg TC) and high fraction B2 (549.7 g/kg TC) and low fraction C. The cactus C. jamacaru and M. bahiensis presented a high PD (856.6 and 837.9 g/kg DM, respectively). The parameters a and b and the effective degradability present diferences (P<0.05) in function of 2% and 5% passage rate. The in vitro true digestibility of dry matter was above 700 g/kg of DM for all species. Cactus have high levels of potentially digestible fractions of total carbohydrates, indicating their importance as food for ruminants in created in the semiarid, where Caatinga vegetation is a basal resource.

scholarly journals Chemical-bromatological composition and in vitro ruminal kinetics of sugar cane silage with maniçoba

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 42569
Author(s):  
Francisco Allan Leandro de Carvalho ◽  
Percivaldo Xavier Resende ◽  
Clístenes Amorim Benicio ◽  
Jackson De Oliveira Siqueira ◽  
Daniel Ribeiro Menezes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Kinetics Of

The objective this study was to evaluate the effect of maniçoba supplementation in sugar cane silage with respect to chemical-bromatological composition and the in vitro degradation kinetics of the silage. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four treatments (maniçoba levels: 0, 20, 30, and 40%) and six repetitions. Silage samples were analyzed for their chemical-bromatological composition, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, total digestible nutrients, in vitro gas production and degradability parameters. The silage with higher inclusion level had better bromatological composition (p < 0.05) than the silage without maniçoba for CP, NDF, ADF and MM (6.49, 56.64, 38.66 and 4.52% versus 2.21, 70.96, 49.95 and 2.78%). Higher ME content (2.35 MJ kg-1 MS versus 1.85 MJ kg-1 MS), DE (2.87 Mcal kg-1 MS versus 2.25 Mcal kg-1 MS) and TDN (65.16% versus 51.11%), respectively. The highest values for gas production were also observed in silage with added maniçoba due to higher NFC content (34.87%). With an increase in the proportion of maniçoba, there was an increase in the soluble a fraction, b fraction, and thus a higher effective degradability of dry matter (46.56%). The addition of maniçoba improves the nutritive value of sugarcane silage.  

scholarly journals Effect of Tannin-Binding Agents (Polyethylene Glycol and Polyvinylpyrrolidone) Supplementation on In Vitro Gas Production Kinetics of Some Grape Yield Byproducts

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maghsoud Besharati ◽  
Akbar Taghizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Grape Pomace ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Binding Agents ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Grape Yield

The effects of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) on in vitro gas production characteristics, organic matter digestibility (OMD), and metabolizable energy (ME) contents of some grape yield byproducts were investigated. The gas production was recorded after 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, and 48 h of incubation. The gas production profiles in triplicate fitted with equation Y = A (1 – ). The data was analyzed using completely randomized design. Total phenol (TP) and total tannin (TT) contents were highest for raisin waste (RW). The TP content (g/kg DM) ranged from 30.1 in grape pomace (GP) to 96.3 in RW, which also had the higher TT (72.1 g/kg DM). The potential gas production (a + b) of DGB, GP, and RW were 239.43, 263.49, and 208.22 mL/g DM, respectively. In the absence of PEG and PVP, rate constant of gas production (c) for GP was highest among the feedstuffs (0.1073 mL/h), but in presence of PEG or PVP, RW had highest fraction (c) among the feedstuffs. Addition of PEG and PVP inactivated effects of tannins and increased gas production, ME, NE1, OMD, and VFA in grape yield byproducts. Addition of PEG and PVP could overcome adverse effects of tannins on nutrient availability as indicated by gas production parameters.

scholarly journals Preserving Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima as Silages for Ruminant Feeding

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1957
Author(s):  
Margarita Novoa-Garrido ◽  
Carlos Navarro Marcos ◽  
María Dolores Carro Travieso ◽  
Eduarda Molina Alcaide ◽  
Mogens Larsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Saccharina Latissima ◽  
Porphyra Umbilicalis ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Kinetics Of

The study analyzed the characteristics, chemical composition, and in vitro gas production kinetics of Porphyra umbilicalis and Saccharina latissima silages. Each seaweed was ensiled in vacuum bags (three bags/silage) following a 2 × 3 factorial design, with two pre-treatments (unwilted or pre-wilted) and three silage types: unwashed seaweed ensiled without additive; seaweed washed and ensiled without additive; and seaweed washed and ensiled with 4 g of formic acid (FAC) per kg seaweed. Silages were kept for 3 months in darkness at 20 °C. Pre-wilting prevented (p < 0.001) effluent formation and reduced (p ≤ 0.038) the production of NH3-N and volatile fatty acids for both seaweeds. Both pre-wilting and washing increased (p < 0.05) the ruminal degradability of P. umbilicalis silages but not of S. latissima silages. The pH of the FAC-treated silages was below 4.0, but ranged from 4.54 to 6.23 in non FAC-treated silages. DL-lactate concentrations were low (≤23.0 g/kg dry matter) and acetate was the predominant fermentation product, indicating a non-lactic fermentation. The estimated ruminal degradability of the P. umbilicalis and S. latissima silages was as average, 59.9 and 86.1% of that for high-quality rye-grass silages, respectively, indicating a medium-low nutritional value of these seaweed silages for ruminants.

Comparison of four in vitro gas production methods to study rumen fermentation kinetics of starch rich feeds

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 196-196
Author(s):  
S. Fakhri ◽  
A. R. Moss ◽  
D.I. Givens ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Fermentation Kinetics ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Kinetics Of

Recently, the automatic in vitro gas production techniques (e.g. Cone. 1994; Theodorou et al., 1994) have been developed to study rumen fermentation kinetics. Many approaches have been taken. This work investigates the suitability of different methods for estimating the rumen fermentation of two starch rich feedstuffs.

Condensed tannins extracted from Quebracho affect the fermentation profile, nutritional quality and in vitro gas production of pornunça (Manihot spp.) silages

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
D. T. Q. Carvalho ◽  
A. R. F. Lucena ◽  
T. V. C. Nascimento ◽  
L. M. L. Moura ◽  
P. D. R. Marcelino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Fermentation Profile

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the fermentation profile, in vitro gas production and nutritional quality of pornunça (Manihot spp.) silages containing levels of condensed tannin (CT; 0, 4, 8 and 12% on dry matter (DM) basis), at five opening times (0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days). A completely randomized design in a 4 × 5 factorial arrangement was adopted, with four replications, totalling 80 experimental silos. The pH and NH3-N analyses were performed at all opening times of the silos. The other analyses were performed only with silages opened at 56 days of storage. There was an interaction effect between CT levels and silo opening times for pH and NH3-N. Tannin levels in pornunça silages after 56 days ensiling increased the pH and DM and reduced crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF). There was a quadratic effect for NH3-N, acetic acid, butyric acid, gas losses, dry matter recovery (DMR), hemicellulose and acid detergent fibre. Inclusion of 4 and 8% CT in pornunça silage promotes a rapid decline in pH, being within the acceptable limit for adequate fermentation at 3 days of ensiling. Silages with 4% CT establish the pH at 28 days of opening the silos, with reduced NH3-N. Silages with 4% CT present higher concentrations of acetic and butyric acids and greater DMR. Inclusion of CT in pornunça silage after 56 days ensiling increases DM and reduces CP and NDF, directly affecting the in vitro degradability and reducing gas production.

scholarly journals Rumen fermentation kinetics as impacted by red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus, L) leaf powder using in vitro gas production technique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiwakorn Ampapon ◽  
Bounnaxay Viennasay ◽  
Metha Wanapat
Keyword(s):  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Amaranthus Cruentus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Abstract Background A need for research searching for alternative rumen enhancers warrants immediate attention. The in vitro fermentation experiment was conducted using factorial arrangement of two factors of roughage to concentrate and seven level of red amaranth leaf powder percentage of total substrate in a Completely randomized design (CRD). Two factors, namely Factor A was two ratio of roughage (R) to concentrate (C) at 60:40 and 40:60 and Factor B was level of red amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus, L) leaf powder (RALP) supplementation at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12% of total dietary substrate. Results Red amaranth leaf powder (RALP) contained phytonutrients both condensed tannins and saponins in addition with high macro minerals (Ca, K, and Mg). This experiment revealed innovations of the RALP supplementation by enhancing rumen propionate (C3) production, reducing acetate (C2) to (C3) ratio, reducing protozoal population and mitigating methane (CH4) production. Furthermore, rumen dry matter degradation percentages were remarkably enhanced (P < 0.001) by increasing RALP supplementation. Conclusion Plants rich in phytonutrients and minerals such as red amaranth leaf powder (RALP) have a vital and promising role in modulating rumen fermentation, mitigating methane production, as well as increasing substrate degradability.

scholarly journals Determination of the In Vitro Gas Production and Potential Feed Value of Olive, Mulberry and Sour Orange Tree Leaves

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Olfaz ◽  
Unal Kilic ◽  
Mustafa Boga ◽  
Abdiwali Mohamoud Abdi
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production

AbstractThis study was conducted to determine the potential nutritive value andin vitrogas production (IVGP) parameters ofOlea europaea L. (Olive = OL),Morus alba L. (Mulberry = ML) andCitrus aurantium L. (Sour orange = SOL) tree leaves. Hohenheim gas test was used to determine thein vitrogas productions of the leaves. The gas production of samples over time was recorded for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after incubation. Completely Randomized Design was used to compare gas production, and gas production kinetics of samples. The findings of the present study suggested that there were differences among the tree leaves in terms of crude protein, NDF,in vitrogas productions, organic matter digestibility (OMD), metabolisable energy (ME), net energy lactation (NEL) and relative feed values (RFV) (P<0.01). ML had the highest condensed tannin contents (P<0.05),in vitrogas production (IVGP), OMD and energy values (P<0.01). SOL had highest RFV values. OL showed the lowest IVGP when compared to SOL and ML. Low NDF and ADF contents of SOL would probably increase the voluntary intake, digestibility and relative feed values of these leaves by ruminants. In conclusion, it was determined that OL, ML and SOL used in the study have lowin vitrogas production and can be utilized as alternative roughage feed in ruminants. However, it is recommended that the results obtained from this research should be tested inin vivostudies.

Nutritive evaluation of heat-treated cottonseed with in vitro gas production

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
A. R. Foroughi ◽  
A. A. Naserian ◽  
R. Valizadeh ◽  
M. Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
A. Mirhady
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Value Evaluation ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Gas Measurements ◽  
Biological Methods ◽  
Digestion Kinetics ◽  
Kinetics Of

Biological methods are more meaningful since microorganisms and enzymes are more sensitive to factors influencing the rate and extent of digestion than are chemical methods (Getachew and et al,1997).Gas measurements provides a useful data on digestion kinetics of both soluble and insoluble fractions of feedstuffs. The objective of this experiment was to determine nutritive value evaluation of heat-treated cottonseed with in vitro gas production.

A comparison between two in vitro gas production techniques to study fermentation profiles of three foodstuffs

1998 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 207-208
Author(s):  
R. S. Lowman ◽  
N. S. Jessop ◽  
M. K. Theodorou ◽  
M. Herrero ◽  
D. Cuddeford
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Transducer ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Gas Tight ◽  
Gas Volume ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Made In

Following the development of the Menke technique in 1979, the measurement of gas production in vitro has become increasingly popular for investigating the kinetics of rumen fermentation. The aim of this study was to compare the gas production profiles for three foods using two in vitro gas production techniques; the Menke et al. (1979) technique (MT) and the pressure transducer technique (PTT) (Theodorou et al., 1994). Both techniques involve recording gas production throughout the incubation of a food sample with rumen fluid. The MT incubations are made in gas-tight syringes where the volume of gas produced causes the plunger to move up the syringe barrel. The PTT involves measuring gas production in fermentation bottles using a pressure transducer and syringe assembly to measure the pressure and corresponding gas volume. As the medium to rumen fluid ratios also differ between techniques; 2:1 in the Menke technique and 9:1 in the PTT, both ratios were investigated in this study.

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