scholarly journals Charophytes Locality in the Ga’aton River, Lower Galilee, Israel

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Sophia Barinova ◽  
Roman Romanov
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Temperate Region ◽  
Water Object ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
State Index ◽  
Ecosystem State

<p class="jbls"><span lang="EN-GB">First study of new locality the Ga’aton River, the Lower Galilee, with charophyte algae, in semi-arid to temperate region of Israel has been implemented for revealing of algal diversity and ecological assessment of the water object environment by bio-indication methods. Altogether twenty species from five taxonomic Divisions of algae and cyanobacteria including one of them macro-algae <em>Chara grovesii</em> B.P. Pal were revealed in the Ga’aton River. This is the first species record for Israel and Mediterranean region. <em>Chara</em> was found in growth in the middle part of studied stream. Bio-indication and chemical variables characterize the charophyte sites environment as fresh, low alkaline, and low to middle organic pollution with mainly eutrophic state. Saprobity index S is fluctuated in small range (1.83-1.93) and reflect low to middle organic pollution, Class III of Water Quality. The river environment can be characterize as natural to anthropogenically impacted from the river basin with Aquatic Ecosystem State Index WESI about 0.50-0.57 and tendency of self-purification down the river. The Ga’aton River can be recommended for regularly monitoring of chemical and biological variables in purpose the watershed management and protection.</span></p>

scholarly journals Ecological assessment of the River Nile around Gizert El-Warrak by Phytoplankton and macroinvertebrates assemblages

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadria M.A. Mahmoud ◽  
Sara S.M. Sayed ◽  
Mohamed R. Habib
Keyword(s):  
Diversity Index ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Biological Assessment ◽  
Biotic Index ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
River Nile ◽  
Summary Statement ◽  
State Index

AbstractBiological assessment is considered a useful tool for assessing the ecological status of the aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to use phytoplankton and macroinvertebrates as biological tools for ecological assessment of the River Nile around Gizert El-Warrak. A total of 33 phytoplankton species identified in the studied stations; these include 16 species of Chlorophyta, 5 species of Cyanophyta and 12 species of Bacillariophyta. All investigated stations characterized by high organic pollution according to Palmer′s index. Trophic state index showed a hyper-eutrophic status in stations S1, S2, S4, S6 and S8 and an eutrophic status in stations S3, S5 and S7.Gastropoda and Oligochaeta were the most dominant of macroinvertebrates taxa recorded 50.8 and 24.6%, respectively. Diversity Index (H′) ranged (1.14 – 2) which indicated that the structure of macroinvertebrates habitat was poor. Also, Evenness Index (J) ranged (0.016 – 0.043) which indicated that individuals were not distributed equally. The values of biotic index depending on macroinvertebrates categories showed that the River Nile’s water quality is fairly poor with significant organic pollution.Summary statementBioassessment based on non-taxonomic measurements of algae and biotic indices of macroinvertebrates may be considered as vital methods that reflect disturbances in aquatic systems for both short-term and long-term.

scholarly journals Ecological Mapping in Assessing the Impact of Environmental Factors on the Aquatic Ecosystem of the Arys River Basin, South Kazakhstan

Diversity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena G. Krupa ◽  
Sophia S. Barinova ◽  
Sophia M. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Environmental Preferences ◽  
Ecological Mapping ◽  
State Index ◽  
The Impact

Assessment of the water quality of the Arys River basin based on the spatial distribution of richness of phytoperiphyton communities and abiotic variables was given for the first time. Altogether, 82 species were revealed in phytoperiphyton, including Bacillariophyta of 51, Cyanobacteria of 20, Chlorophyta of 7, and Charophyta of 4. Cluster analysis revealed the uniqueness of the composition of periphyton communities related to the abiotic conditions. The environmental preferences of the algae indicated fresh organic pollution in the lower reaches of the Arys River and weak or moderate levels of organic pollution in the rest of the basin. The ecological mapping of chemical data generally confirmed this conclusion. According to the maps, the highest water quality was revealed in the upper stream of the basin. The middle part of the river basin had the lowest water quality in terms of transparency, nitrite-nitrogen, and nitrate-nitrogen. The downstream of the Arys was characterized by a secondary deterioration in water quality according to the Aquatic Ecosystem State Index (WESI) index. We revealed the complicated interaction between natural and anthropogenic factors that caused changes in water quality in the Arys River basin.

scholarly journals Diatom Algae-Indicators of Water Quality in the Lower Zarafshan River, Uzbekistan

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 358
Author(s):  
Sophia Barinova ◽  
Karomat Mamanazarova
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Pollution Indices ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
State Monitoring ◽  
Ecological Mapping ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Toxicity Indices

This work is the first, the purpose of which was a comprehensive assessment of the ecological state of the lower reaches of the Zarafshan River using bioindication of water quality by diatoms based on species’ ecological preferences, pollution indices, statistics, and ecological mapping. A total of 198 species and subspecies of diatoms were first identified from 195 samples collected four times a year at six sites in the lower reaches of the Zarafshan River in 2009–2015. The richest species were Cymbella, Navicula, and Nitzschia. Pleurosira laevis, resistant to salinity, was first found in aquatic habitats in Uzbekistan. Bioindicators of nine environmental variables make up 91% of the list. Distribution analysis of variables, pollution indices (SLA—SládečDek index of saprobity), and toxicity indices (WESI—Water Ecosystem State Index) show increases in salinity, turbidity, and decreases in organic pollution downstream. The source of acidification can be the Navoi region. We found an increase in the ability to self-purify with an increase in species richness and abundance of diatoms in the lower part of Zarafshan. Thus, the ecosystem of the studied part of the river successfully copes with the incoming pollution from the middle part of Zarafshan and demonstrates some stability and successful self-purification with a water quality class of 2–3. The first studied lower reaches of the ecosystem of the Zarafshan River using bioindicators, statistics, and ecological mapping show that the problem of aridization in Central Asia does not necessarily lead to degradation of the river ecosystem and an increase in pollution, but with rational water use can improve water quality and self-purification processes. Hence, diatoms can be good indicators of river water quality in a semi-arid region and reflect the climate and anthropogenic load change. We recommend that attention be paid to nutrient and turbidity management and to expand state monitoring points to the lower part of the river up to the Karakul region.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Use of Some Benthic Macro-invertebrate Multimetric Indices Associations with Environmental Variables in Ecological Assessment of Some Ethiopian Rivers

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Gezahegn Degefe ◽  
Girum Tamire ◽  
Seid Mohammed Hassen ◽  
Abinet Haile
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Biotic Index ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Upstream Site ◽  
Multimetric Indices ◽  
Biological Quality Elements ◽  
Poor Water Quality

The ecological status of six selected rivers which are found around central Ethiopia and North Shewa Zone and exposed to environmental stresses at varied extent, was studied using biological quality elements (BQE). One thousand one hundred thirty three (1133) individuals of macroinvertebrates, from 22 families and 5 orders of insects, were collected from the rivers. Seven metrics that had low correlation (p>0.05) were selected to calculate the final B-IBI and the result showed that both sites of Akaki, Sebeta and Jemma Rivers had poor water quality whereas Beresa, Chacha and Mojo (upstream site) had relatively better water quality. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) showed that Tabanidae, Syrphidae, Culicidae, and Canidae was more strongly correlated with temperature but strongly and negatively with pH, Dissolve Oxygen (DO) and Nitrate. The result implied that the change in abundance of these groups of macroinvertebrates could indicate the change in pH, DO and Nitrate. pH and DO were significantly (p < 0.05) and positively correlated with % Ephemeroptera and% Baetidae. On the other hand, DO showed strong but negative correlation % Oligochaeta, % Non-Insect and Hillsenhoff Family Biotic Index which implied that that the change in pH and level of organic pollution can be easily monitored using these metrics.HYDRO Nepal JournalJournal of Water Energy and EnvironmentIssue: 20Page: 49-54

The Effect of Directionally Chilled Microstructure on Hypereutectic High-Chromium White Cast Iron

2014 ◽  
Vol 912-914 ◽  
pp. 399-403
Author(s):  
Dong Shyen Yang ◽  
Ji Syuan Lin ◽  
Dar Jen Pen ◽  
Fang Ming Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Cast Iron ◽  
White Cast Iron ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Lower Zone ◽  
Directionally Solidified ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Furan Resin ◽  
Fluid Convection

This study examined the effect of fluid convection on microstructures of directionally solidified high-chromium white cast iron (ASTM A532-87 Class III) with carbon equivalents of 4.5. The iron was first melted in a high-frequency induction furnace, and then poured into a sandwiched cylindrical Furan resin sand mold. The middle part is a chilled copper mold kept cold by circulating water, enabling simultaneous directional solidification in the upper and lower zones. The microstructure thus solidified is affected by directionally chilled between these parts. Distribution of temperature in the mold during cast solidification was measured by K-type thermocouples. The measured results show that the lower zone has stronger thermal convection and faster cooling rate than the upper zone. The lower zone has smaller liquidus and solidus gradients than the upper zone.

scholarly journals Ecological assessment of East Hammar marsh, Iraq using a number of ecological guides

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-22
Author(s):  
Abdul-Razak Abdul-Razak
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Ecological Status ◽  
Ecological Assessment ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Biological Index ◽  
The Status ◽  
State Index ◽  
Assemblage Metrics ◽  
Better Than

The ecological status of the East Hammar marsh was evaluated by using a number of ecological guides: water quality index (WQI), Carlson trophic state index (TSI) and fish integrated biological index (F-IBI) during the period from November 2012 to October 2013. The results revealed that the annual value of WQI varied from 51.1 (marginal) for historical data before desiccation to 67.8 (fair) for data after inundation. The marsh was evaluated to be mesotrophic (TSI= 42.0). IBI scores were calculated from 16 separate assemblage metrics based on the fish species richness, species composition and trophic guilds. The ecological status of the marsh was found to be fair (F-IBI= 47.7) and was slightly better than the status of the marsh after 2-4 years of restoration activities. The rather low improvement in the situation of the marsh indicates that the environment is still fragile and requires the allocation of water share from the Tigris and Euphrates rivers to restore marsh normality.

scholarly journals Status Kualitas Air dan Kesuburan Perairan Danau Kelapa Gading Kota Kisaran Provinsi Sumatera Utara

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Ahmad Muhtadi ◽  
Hesty Wahyuningsih ◽  
Natasya Zaharuddin ◽  
Aniliza Sihaloho
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Artificial Lake ◽  
The Status ◽  
State Index

Danau Kelapa Gading (DKG) merupakan danau buatan yang terdapat di Kota Kisaran Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Danau ini berfungsi sebagai resapan air, tempat rekreasi, pemancingan dan pemeliharaan ikan baik di keramba maupun di dalam danau itu sendiri. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui a) kondisi kualitas air, b) mengetahui status mutu air, dan c) mengetahui tingkat kesuburan perairan DKG. Penelitian dilakukan pada Bulan Februari-April 2016. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kondisi kualitas air adalah mengukur parameter fisika-kimia dan dibandingkan dengan Baku Mutu PP N0. 82 tahun 2001. Metode penentuan status mutu air adalah metode storet. Metode untuk penentuan kesuburan adalah membandingkan baku mutu status trofik berdasarkan PerMenLH No. 28 tahun 2009 dan metode Trophic State Index/TSI. Kondisi kualitas air DKG dari hasil pengukuran didapatkan bahwa telah terjadi pencemar organik dan kotoran manusia, seperti terlihat dari nilai BOD dan Total Coliform yang telah melewati baku mutu menurut PP No 82 tahun 2001 pada kelas III dan II. Bahkan pada kelas II parameter TSS dan Fosfat juga telah melewati baku mutu yang ditetapkan. Status mutu air DKG adalah tercemar sedang untuk kelas II (dengan skor rata-rata -29) dan tercemar ringan (skor rata-rata -10) untuk kelas III. Tingkat kesuburan perairan DKG termasuk eutrofik berat dengan nilai TSI 72,71 - 79,21. The Lake of Kelapa Gading (DKG) is an artificial lake located in the City of Kisaran, North Sumatra. This lake serves as water absorption, recreation, fishing and captivity of fish both in cages and inside the lake itself. This research was conducted with the aim of studying a) the condition of water quality, b) the status of water quality, and c) the level of DKG water fertility. The study was conducted from February to April 2016. The method used to determine the condition of water quality is to measure the physico-chemical parameters and compared with Quality Standards regulation of PP No. 82 2001. The method of determining the status of water quality is the storet method. The method of determining fertility is to compare trofik status quality standards based on regulation of PerMenLH No. 28 2009 and the method of Trofik State Index/TSI. DKG water quality conditions from the measurement results showed that organic pollutants and human excreta had occurred, as seen from the values of BOD and Total Coliform which had passed quality standards according to the regulation of PP No. 82 2001 in class III and II. Even in class II, the TSS and Phosphate parameters have also passed the specified quality standard. The status of DKG water quality is moderately polluted for class II (with an average score of -29) and lightly polluted (average score of -10) for class III. DKG waters fertility levels included heavy eutrophic with TSI values of 72.71 to 79.21.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of the protozooplanktonic community in a tropical oligotrophic environment (Ilha Solteira reservoir, Brazil)

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
AS Mansano ◽  
KF Hisatugo ◽  
MA Leite ◽  
AP Luzia ◽  
MH Regali-Seleghim
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Biological Variables ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
State Index ◽  
Material Input

The seasonal variation of the protozooplanktonic community (ciliates and testate amoebae) was studied in a tropical oligotrophic reservoir in Brazil, which was under the influence of two contrasting climatic seasons (rainy/warm and dry/cold). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of these climatic changes on physical, chemical and biological variables in the dynamic of this community. The highest mean density of total protozoans occurred in the rainy/warm season (5683.2 ind L−1), while the lowest was in the dry/cold (2016.0 ind L−1). Considering the seasonal variations, the protozoan groups that are truly planktonic, such as the oligotrichs (Spirotrichea), predominated in the dry season, whereas during the rainy season, due to the material input and resuspension of sediment, sessile protozoans of the Peritrichia group were the most important ones. The dominant protozoans were Urotricha globosa, Cothurnia annulata, Pseudodifflugia sp. and Halteria grandinella. The highest densities of H. grandinella were associated with more oxygenated and transparent water conditions, while the highest densities of C. annulata occurred in sites with high turbidity, pH and trophic state index (TSI). The study demonstrated that density and composition of protozooplanktonic species and groups of the reservoir suffered seasonal variation due to the environmental variables (mainly temperature, turbidity, water transparency, dissolved oxygen and TSI) and the biological variables (e.g. morphological characteristics, eating habits and escape strategies from predation of the species).

scholarly journals Comparison of three-dimensional soft-tissue evaluations between skeletal and pseudo-class III malocclusions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Kale ◽  
Muhammed Hilmi Buyukcavus
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Class I ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Skeletal Class

Abstract The aim of our study was to compare soft tissue measurements with 3D imaging methods in individuals with untreated skeletal and pseudo-Class III malocclusions. The study sample consisted of 75 patients (38 males, 37 females, mean age 12.41 ± 2.35 years) with pseudo- and true skeletal Class III malocclusions and skeletal Class I malocclusions. Soft tissue evaluations of all patients were performed using 3D stereophotogrammetric facial images. In our study, 26 landmarks, 17 linear measurements, 13 angular measurements, and 5 volume measurements were made using the 3dMD Vultus software. The significance was determined to be p < 0.05 in ANOVA, Tukey tests. No significant differences were found among the groups in terms of demographic data (p > 0.05). The skeletal Class I control group had a significantly more extended upper lip and vermillion length as compared to the Class III groups. The soft tissue convexity angle and upper nasal angle were found to be wider in the Class III malocclusion group compared to those in the Class I control group. While the pseudo-Class III group had a significantly lower midface volume, chin volume was significantly higher in the skeletal class group. Upper lip volume was significantly higher in the Class I group. Using 3dMD for guiding clinicians in the differential soft and hard tissue diagnosis of pseudo-Class III malocclusions, differences were revealed in Class I patients in the middle part of the face. In the differential diagnosis of true Class III malocclusions, chin volume was found to be different from that of Class I patients.

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