REDUCTION OF THE LEVEL OF TECHNOGENIC HAZARD NEGATIVE EFFECT OF SEDIMENTS OF URBAN WASTE WATER ON THE ENVIRONMENT WITH HUMIC SUBSTANCES

The article discusses the issues of reducing the level of technogenic safety of the negative impact of urban wastewater sludge on the environment by removing heavy metals using humic substances. It is noted that the technogenic and ecological problem requires an urgent solution through the formation of new effective methods of treatment (neutralization and dehydration) and further disposal of urban wastewater sludge. Silt sites are a source of pollution of soil, groundwater and surface water object and air. A new method for removing heavy metals from municipal wastewater sludge using humic substances has been developed. It was found that humic substances have a sorption capacity in relation to heavy metals. As a reagent for removing heavy metals from urban wastewater sludge, it is proposed to use the product of processing lignite and peat with alkali using a carbon-alkali reagent, which makes it possible to reduce the concentration of heavy metals to such concentrations that the sludge can be used as fertilizer in agriculture.

The concept and legal status of an artificial land plot created on a water body that is completely or partly in federal ownership

The article deals with the general concept of an artificial land plot created on a water object and federally owned, completely or partly. The authors analyzed the normative legal acts and scientific publications, and investigated the concept etymology. The paper discusses legal regulation of artificially incremented territory, as well as building codes and rules that say that an artificial land plot is equally natural and man-made, as the alluvial soil mass interacts with the water object and the geological environment.

Assessment of technogenic load of Nizhny Tagil city pond and environmental risk management based on multifractal dynamics

Algoremediation which is a method of natural and waste water treatment due to the metabolic potential of chlorococcal microalgae is based on the principle of system stability. The method of pollution degree estimation of anthropogenic loaded water object based on the application of fractal calculation is shown. Factor analysis has been used to determine the parameters of the environmental system of Nizhny Tagil city pond which are the basis for a new approach to evaluating the efficiency of environmental protection measures through geoecological risk management.

The Effect of Sunglint Correction for Estimating Water Depth Using Rationing, Thresholding, and Mean Value Algorithms

Satellite-Derived Bathymetry (SDB) is an alternative for obtaining shallow water depth data. The existence of images with various resolutions, the availability of a complete image band can develop the extraction results. This method is based on the principle of the satellite's visible band to estimate water depth. The mapping of shallow water depth is dependent on water conditions, both its brightness and surface. When the sensor senses a water object, the reflected reflection comes from the surface, and some sensors cannot penetrate the water object. The sun's position and the sensor's point of view when sensing it results in interference from the water surface (Sunglint). The sunglint effect on the image can be reduced by performing RGB band correction with NIR Infrared. This study aims to demonstrate the effect of Sunglint's correction on three SDB approaches, namely Thresholding, Rationing, and Mean Value on Worldview 3 imagery in Karimunjawa Islands, Central Java. This study's results indicate that the Sunglint correction on Worldview 3 imagery affects the depth extraction results. The best results are shown by Sunglint's correction using the Thresholding approach (B2-B7), which produces the best correlation with R2 of 0.7364 and (B7-B2) with R2 = 0.7351. Contrastingly, the lowest correlation was generated using the Mean Value ((B2 + B7) / 2) approach without Sunglint's correction with R2 = 0.4015. So this research proves that the Worldview 3 image with Sunglint correction can provide bathymetry data, especially in shallow waters.

The Subject Of A Land Lease Agreement In Conjunction With A Water Facility Located On It

The publication is devoted to the study of legal and doctrinal trends in solving the issue of the subject of a land lease agreement in complex with a water object located on it. The author makes a reservation that the difficulty of clearly defining the subject of the studied treaty is due not only to the absence in the civil doctrine of a unanimous approach to understanding the essence of the subject of the treaty, but also to the natural inseparability of the water body with the land located on it. In the article, the author found that the legislative modelling of the contract, which mediates modern relations of use of the water body, was preceded by scientific studies of the features of ownership and use of this natural resource in conjunction with the land on which it is located. The author established the practical and doctrinal significance of using one contractual design for the lease of a water body and a land plot located under it. Such a legislative approach positively solves the problematic issues of the moment of acquisition of the right to lease a water object and the moment of transfer of the use object to the tenant, since the legislator connects these points with the time of state registration of the right to lease a land plot. The doctrinal effect of the application of this treaty model is manifested in the possibility of defining this contract in the system of civil law contracts, and affects the scope of application of civil, land and water legislation to the lease relations of a water body. In the publication, the author established that both natural resources - a land plot and a water object, together constitute the subject of a land lease agreement in conjunction with a water object located on it, formally correspond to the qualifying criteria of the thing as the subject of a hire (lease) agreement. The author concludes that the name of the contract model, simultaneously with the time of occurrence of the right to lease a land plot and a water object located on it, and the mandatory inclusion of a water body passport in such an agreement, make it possible to conclude that in the lease agreement of a land plot in complex with the water object located on it, it is not necessary to indicate technical data (volume and area) of the water body, since they are presented in its passport.

Results of a comprehensive study of water bioresources of lake Senezh

In the paper, preliminary results of hydrochemical, hydrobiological, parasitological and ichthyological investigations have been given, carried out on waters of the Lake Senezh in 2020 and compared with analogous works for 2004–2006. The ecosystem of the given water object is extremely understudied. In the size structure of fish species, caught in 2020, dynamics of a good reproduction potential could be noted. The condition factor of all fish species is very high. One can see a significant prevalence of females over males, excepting bream, in all fish groups studied. The water object investigated showed the 2,8 times MPC increase for iron in fish farming water bodies. Concentration of toxic elements in water samples and bottom sediments did not increase MPC for all other indices. The bacteriological water analysis showed insignificant increase of bacterial contamination at the area of the investigation station 6 only, what is most likely of the anthropogenic nature and is being a result of the littoral lake zone pollution. Parasitological analysis of the Senezh lake fishes indicates of o high level of their invasion. 11 parasites species were found in 3 fish species investigated, which were represented by 73% of trematodes at the metacercaria and maritas stage. The fish ergasiles problem, existed in this water body since 2005 and up to-date, continues. In zanders gills, parasitic Ergasilus sieboldin were found. The given work would be interesting for investigators who will study the Senezh lake as well as other water bodies of the Moscow area.

ASSESING DETERMINANT FACTOR ON COMMUNITY RURAL TOURISM IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

Mostly the tourist destinantion in Indonesia found in rural areas and belong to the local community which suffers from their socio-economic conditions and lack of capacity to manage this potential-nature gift. The study tries to potray and identify the local context of community-based tourism concept through academic international perspectives. The paper will enrich the discussion by providing key success factors of CBT’s sustainability for rural in developing countries. Data collected from five fresh water object tourism which is located in rural areas in different locations in Indonesia. Quantitative analysis used to identify the determinant factor of CBT in those rurals. Findings showed that out of six factors, leadership came up as the most crucial factors for managing tourism in the rural community. We argue that the resilient rural leadership on CBT is bear from cultural, socio-economics, structural-administration and political legaciesKey words; Leadership, Rural-Development, Community Based Tourism, Tradititional Culture, Decentralization Policy

Issues of establishing the permissible discharge levels of 238U to surface waters taking into account its radiation and toxic effects

At present, discharges of 238U to surface waters by nuclear industry enterprises are limited by radiation factor. Registration and control of 238U discharges to water bodies is performed in units of radioactivity (Bq/year) according to the current permit for the water discharge of radioactive substances. At the same time, uranium belongs to the 1st hazard class by its chemical toxicity (extremely dangerous chemicals), it has hygienic standard for content in surface waters. A comparison was made for the limitation of 238U intake to surface waters, taking into account radiation exposure and chemical toxicity. Activity concentration of 238U in water was calculated, at which the annual dose for a critical population group from water use would be 0,1 mSv/year (scenario 1 – the water object is used for drinking water supply) or 1 mSv/year (scenario 2 – the water object is not used for drinking water supply). The calculated activity concentrations were expressed in units of mass concentrations and compared with the maximum permissible concentration of uranium in water, established in Russia, 15 mkg/L. It is shown that compliance with the radiation safety norms does not automatically guarantee compliance with the current hygienic standards for limiting the toxic effects of uranium on population and the environment. The concentration of 238U in water producing the annual dose to population 0,1 mSv taking into account all exposure pathways, exceeds the maximum permissible concentration of uranium in water by 15 times. If water body is not used for drinking water supply, the calculated concentration of 238U in water producing the annual dose to population 1 mSv, is higher than the maximum permissible concentration of uranium in water by 1500 times. The restrictions imposed by the current hygienic standards for the chemical toxicity of uranium could reduce the permissible discharge levels of 238U to surface waters. It is necessary to develop environmental quality standards for 238U, taking into account its chemical toxicity, and include them to the system of establishment of permissible discharge limits of radioactive substances.

PHILOSOPHY AND ARCHITECTURE OF TEA HOUSES IN JAPAN

Tea ceremonies have evolved a great deal since they first got their start, and as the ceremonies have grown and shifted in purpose, so have the tea houses that hold them. Japanese tea house, Chashitsu in Japanese, is where chado, the tea ceremony takes place, which expresses Japanese sentimentality and aesthetics through the act of drinking tea. Chashitsu is truly the product of all of the traditional Japanese crafts combined and sophisticated.As tea began to grow in popularity, tea ceremonies became a source of entertainment for members of the upper class who could afford to gamble, read poetry and attend tea parties in extravagant pavilions. The design of free-standing tea houses is heavily influenced by Zen philosophy. In an attempt to escape from the material strains of daily life, Shukō removed tea parties from the formal setting and instead held the ceremonies in simple grass-thatched huts, like the Tai-an Teahouse. His goal in doing this was to transcend the complex distractions of the world and find enlightenment in everyday life. Another important procedure initiated by Shukou, was that he himself would serve the tea to his guests. He preferred the intimate and personal atmosphere of a small room which could fit five to six people. The four-and-a-half-mat room that he had devised to create a more tranquil atmosphere during the tea ceremony had its origins in the Zen philosophy. In front of the traditional teahouse is a garden referred to as the roji. Guests traverse it on a path of stepping stones, admiring the plants and trees, before washing their hands at a stone basin in preparation for entering the teahouse building. One of the chief characteristics of the thatched hut teahouse begun by Rikyū is the guest entrance, or nijiriguchi. The square door is so low and small that guests can’t move through it without stooping and curling up as they crawl through. When guests enter the tea house, they first proceed to the alcove, tokonoma, to admire the decoration. There is no furniture, except for that which is required for the preparation of tea. Usually, there will be a charcoal pit in the center of the room by cutting a piece of the tatami is used to boil water. Object used in the tea ceremony included special porcelain or ceramic bowls, a cast-iron kettle with bronze lid, freshwater water jars, ceramic of lacquer container for powdered tea, and tea caddies. There are four main principals defining the way people and tea objects interact: wa (harmony); kei (respect); sei (purity) and jyaku (tranquility). Having got everything right in terms of setting and paraphernalia, one then has to do what all this has been leading up to: make tea. The exact movements of the host are vital but depend on which school of tea ceremony one favours. The important thing is to only make the minimum of movements which should be precise, graceful, and restrained. Further, one should be silent when actually preparing the tea. All thenecessary equipment should have already been laid out before the guests, and only the kettle is hidden from their view. The tea caddy and bamboo scoop are first cleaned with a cloth. When ready, the hot water is poured into the tea bowls but only enough to warm them. Powdered tea is then added to the bowls, which are then topped up with hot water, and the mixture is whisked to make a frothy drink. The tea should be drunk in small sips. When everyone has finished, the implements and bowls are cleaned and removed from sight leaving only the kettle before the hopefully now well-satisfied guests. Finally, some of the finer implements may be returned in order for the guests to discuss their appreciation of them.The simplicity of modern teahouses is meant to emphasize the importance of breaking down boundaries that exist among people, objects and ideas. Taking the idea of tea houses designed to mesh with their natural environment to a whole new level, Terunobu Fujimori created the Takasugi-an, which translates to“a tea house too high.” He built the compact teahouse to appear as though it was resting between two chestnut trees, and although the only way to reach the tea house is via ladder, the view from the top gives visitors a perfect view of Chino, Japan. Instead of displaying the picture scrolls of traditional tea houses that indicated the time of year, Fujimori used the building’s windows to achieve the same effect while also allowing visitors to observe the profound changes that were happening in the world around them. Simple materials such asplaster and bamboo were used to construct the interior of the tea house.Modern tea houses still have strong roots in the traditional purposes of tea ceremonies.Today, many practice tea ceremony and enjoy its benefit innumerous types of tea rooms from traditional ones to innovative ones. Both the ceremony and the Japanese tea houses have evolved since the earliest days, and they continue evolving so that they can adapt to the rapidchangesinmodern society.

TO THE HISTORY OF THE APPEARANCE OF THE «POT OF LAZUR»

«Водный объект «Лазурь» (недостроенный канал) на территории парка «Победы» в г. Твери протягивается от р. Тьмаки до устья руч. Перемерки, впадающего в р. Волгу, в районе затона Тверского речного порта. Проект не был реализован в связи с Отечественной войной 1812 г. Уже позднее в начале XX в., почти в самом устье образовавшегося объекта была проложена Волжская ветка Николаевской железной дороги. Так возникла система прудов - «водный объект «Лазурь». Water body «Lazur» (unfinished canal) in the territory of the Victory Park in Tver stretches from p. Dark to the mouth of the stream. Measure flowing into the river. Volga, in the area of the backwater of the Tver river port As the Blinovs noted, «on the 1812 th, we began to dig a ditch from T'maki along Lazuri on June 1... Poles dug Russian and, at least 600 people at work» The canal between T'makoy and the Volga, according to the plan of Georg Oldenburgsky, was supposed to protect the city from floods and serve as a place for keeping baroque in winter. he project was not implemented in connection with the Patriotic War of 1812. Later, at the beginning of the 20th century, almost at the mouth of the formed "Water Object Lazur", the Volga branch of the Nikolaev Railway to the Konya-Evch mill was laid. s a result, the first pond was formed with a level mark of 125.2 m a. o., which is significantly lower than the other eight ponds.